13th Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting - C&EN Global Enterprise (ACS

Feb 12, 1979 - The college is located in the Jersey Shore area just a few minutes off the Garden State Parkway. Dr. William C. Pfefferle is general ch...
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13th Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting The 13th Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting will be held at Monmouth College, West Long Branch, N.J., on March 20-23. The ACS Monmouth County Section will host the four-day meeting. All sessions will be held in Monmouth College's historic Woodrow Wilson Hall. The college is located in the Jersey Shore area just a few minutes off the Garden State Parkway. Dr. William C. Pfefferle is general chairman. A technical program consisting of 26 symposia, 12 general sessions, and three workshops has been organized by Dr. Robert G. Hale, Worthington Biochemical Corp., and Dr. Donald A. Withycombe, International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. A scientific-education exposition of equipment, instruments, and publications has been organized by Dr. Henry C. Beck, H. C. Beck Associates, and Dr. Eileen Smith, Trenton State College. Exposition hours are 10 AM to 8 PM on Tuesday, noon to 8 PM on Wednesday, and noon to 4 PM on Thursday. Housing reservations should be made directly with the motel of your choice. The addresses, telephone numbers, and rates of some recommended motels are shown on page 38. Please mention ACS-MARM in making your reservations. Special events during the meeting include an international luncheon on Tuesday, March 20, with guest speaker Ira D. Hill of International Flavors & Fragrances, and an awards luncheon on Thursday, March 22, with guest speaker Madeleine Joullie, University of Penn-

sylvania. The 1978 MARM Regional Award in High School Chemistry Teaching will be presented to Ronald W. Brown, chairman, department of science, Haverford School, Haverford, Pa. It will be presented at the awards luncheon on Thursday. Luncheon will be available on campus only to those who purchase tickets in advance (see coupon on page 38). There are no restaurants within easy walking distance of the campus, but there are a number of restaurants within a 10-minute drive. Neither breakfast nor dinner (except the banquet) will be served on campus. The banquet, with ACS president Gardner Stacy as featured speaker, will be held Thursday evening. Tickets should be purchased during preregistration to ensure seats. See coupon on page 38. There will be a mixer and an awards reception on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings, respectively. On Friday afternoon, from 1 to 5 PM, there will be a bus tour to the Sandy Hook Marine Biology Laboratory. Please purchase tickets during preregistration to ensure seats. Meeting registration will be held at Woodrow Wilson Hall beginning at 8 AM Tuesday through Friday. Preregistration is encouraged, and a convenient form with additional information is available for this on page 38. For any additional information, contact the arrangements chairman, Dr. Marilyn A. Parker, Monmouth College, West Long Branch, N.J. 07764; telephone (201) 222-6600 Ext. 260. THURSDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON

SPECIAL EVENTS TUESDAY AFTERNOON 12:30—International Luncheon Dining Hall Dr. Ira D. Hill, Vice President and Director of Research, IFF. 4:30—Mixer (cash bar) Woodrow Wilson Hall 7:00—Mini-Orientation for Potential Section Officers Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 106 Halley A. Merrell, ACS Local Section Activities Manager WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON 4:30—Awards Reception (cash bar) Woodrow Wilson Hall

9:00—The Free Spirit of Inquiry: The Background of The Discovery of Gentamicin Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 210 Dr. George Leudemann 10:00—Round Table: International Activities of ACS Woodrow Wilson Auditorium "What ACS Is Doing, What It Should Be Doing, and How It Affects YOU." 12:30—Awards Luncheon Dining Hall Dr. Madeleine Joullie, University of Pennsylvania 1:30—Meet the President Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 205 "Bring Your Questions and Concerns—No Holds Barred." Dr. Gardner Stacy, ACS President 2:00—Panel Discussion: Creativity and Innovation in the Sciences Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 210 "How to Protect It and Stimulate It in Academia, Government, and Industry"

2:00—Middle Atlantic Region Steering Committee Meeting Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 203 4:00—Local Section Officers and Councilors Meeting Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 203 5:00—Cash Bar College Center, Anacon Hall 6:00—Banquet with Featured Speaker College Center, Anacon Hall Dr. Gardner Stacy, ACS President "The Energy Challenge" FRIDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON 10:00—Starting Your Own Business—a Primer Woodrow Wilson Hall, Room 206 L. Jack Norman, Water Quality Services Lab 1:00—Bus Tour to Sandy Hook Marine Biology Laboratories Leaving from and returning to Monmouth College parking lot

AGRICULTURAL & FOOD CHEMISTRY D. A. Withycombe, Chairperson TUESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 208 Symposium on Flavors and Fragrances E. W. Seitz, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. E. W. Seitz. 9:05—1. Influence of Roasting Time on the Chemical Composition of the Aroma of Fresh Roasted Peanuts. L. L. Buckholz Jr., A. Hruza, H. Daun, S. Chang. 9:35—2. Comparison of Polymer Adsorption and Cryogenic Collection Methods Used in the Analysis of Roasted Peanut Aroma. L. L. Buckholz Jr., I. Katz, H. Daun. 10:05—Intermission. 10:15—3. Flavor Compounds from Oil— Chemistry and Measurement. D. B. Min. 10:45—4. Isolation and Identification of the Volatile Flavor Constituents in Baked Potato. C-T. Ho, E. Coleman, S. S. Chang. 11:15—5. Process Development and Scaleup in the Flavor Industry. R. W. Martin II. 1:30—Introductory Remarks. E. W. Seitz. 1:35—6. Isolation of Fragrance Materials from Perfumed Products. K. L. Purzycki. 2:05—7. Trace Constituents in Coldpressed Grapefruit (Citrus decumana L), the Essential Oil Cyclic Thioethers. S. R. Srimivas. 2:35—Intermission. 2:50—8. Quantitative Assessment of Odor Interactions and Their Modeling and Optimization. H. R. Moskowitz. 3:20—9. Evaluation of Molecules for Fragrances by Quantitative Measurement of Sensory and Physical Parameters. C. B. Warren.

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TUESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 108 Symposium on Insect Feeding Deterrents M. Jacobson, Presiding. 9:00—Introductory Remarks. M. Jacobson. 9:10—10. Insect Antifeedants from Plants. I. Kubo, K. Nakanishi. 9 : 4 5 — 1 1 . Approach to the Synthesis of Ajugarin I. D. J. Goldsmith, T. K. John, G. Srouj«10:20—Intermission. 10:40—12. Studies on Naturally Occurring Feeding Deterrents of the Gypsy Moth Larvae. R. W. Doskotch. 11:15—13. Azadirachta indica: a Source of Insect Feeding Deterrents. J. D. Warthen Jr., E. C. Uebel, M. Jacobson. 1:30—14. Chemical Studies on the Resistance of Corn to the Southwestern Corn Borer. P. A. Hedin, F. M. Davis, W. P. Williams, J. C. Boykin, M. L. Salin. 2:05—15. Isolation of Allelochemicals for the Fall Armyworm from Rayless Goldenrod. L. H. Zalkow, M. M. Gordon, N. Lanier. 2:40—16. Role of Host Origin Feeding Deterrents in the Behavior of Sawfly Larvae, with Special Reference to the Larch Sawfly. D. M. Benjamin, M. R. Wagner, H. Ohigashi. 3:15—Intermission. 3:35—17. Insect Growth Inhibitors in Crop Plants. A. C. Waiss Jr., B. G. Chan, C. A. Elliger, D. L. Dreyer, R. G. Binder. 4:10—18. Feeding Deterrents for the Boll Weevil in Tung Oil. M. Jacobson, M. M. Crystal. WEDNESDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 106 General D. A. Withycombe, Presiding 9:00—19. Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Betalaines. A. Bilyk. 9:20—20. Catalytic Action of Aluminum Oxide and Silicic Acid on the Oxidation of 2,6-Diterf-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). B. Leventhal, H. Daun, S. G. Gilbert. 9:40—21. Enzymic Polymerization of Syringic Acid. R. D. Minard, S.-Y. Liu, J.-M. Bollag. WEDNESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 108 Symposium on Plant Growth Substances N. B. Mandava, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. N. B. Mandava. 9:05—22. Chemistry and Physiology of Conjugates of lndole-3-Acetic Acid. R. Bandorski. 9:40—23. Aspects of Gibberellin Chemistry. P. Hedden. 10:15—Intermission. 10:30—24. Biosynthesis of Gibberellins. B. O. Phinney. 11:05—25. Anticytokinins as Probes of Cytokinin Utilization. S. M. Hecht. 11:40—26. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Abscisic Acid. J. A. D. Zeevaart. 1:30—Introductory Remarks. N. B. Mandava. 1:35—27. Role of Ethylene in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence. M. Lieberman. 2:10—28. Natural Products in Plant Growth Regulation. N. Mandava. 2:45—Intermission. 3:00—29. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Tool for Plant Growth Substances Research. M. L. Brenner. 3:35—30. Controlling Biological Behavior of Plants with Synthetic Growth-Regulating Chemicals. L. G. Nicked.

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4 : 1 0 — 3 1 . Synthetic Growth Regulators and Factors Affecting Commercialization. A. J. Crovetti.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY J. A. Renner,

Chairperson

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 206 Symposium on Toxicology—Consumer Product Safety G. R. Thompson, Presiding 1:30—32. Role of Toxicology in Consumer Product Development. D. Hood. 1:50—33. Government Regulations: the Basis of Toxicology Guidelines. T. Smith. 2:20—34. Experimental Assessment of Consumer Product Safety. M. Gilman. 2:50—Intermission. 3:00—35. Chemical Structure and Carcinogenic Activity—Correlations and Constraints. B. Van Durren. 3:30—36. Assessing Risks to Employees and the Environment. T. Ellison. 4:00—37. Improved Safety Assessment and Product Development Through Computer Application. G. R. Thompson. THURSDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 108 Symposium on Some Chemical and Nutritional Aspects of Human Milk M. P. Thompson, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. M. P. Thompson. 9:05—38. Composition and Properties of Human Milk. M. P. Thompson. 9:35—39. Differential Staining of Macromolecules in Milk and Breast Tissue. M. R. Green. 10:05—40. Lactobacillis bifidus var. Penn. Growth Promoters of Human Milk. A. Bezkorovainy. 10:35—41. Lipids of Human Milk: a Review. R. G. Jensen, R. M. Clark. 11:05—42. Hydroxy Fatty Acid and Sterol Content of Human Milk and Milk of Other Species. D. P. Schwartz. 2:00—Introductory Remarks. M. P. Thompson. 2:05—43. Breast and Bottle Feeding in the U.S.: the 1969 National Natality Survey. M. R. Forman. 2:35—44. Nutrition and Growth in Breast-Fed and Nonbreast-Fed Infants. D. M. Paige, J. M. Baertl, E. D. Mellits. 3:05—45. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) in Human Milk. W. J. Rogan. 3:35—46. Processing and Storage of Human Milk. P. M. T. Hansen, E. M. Mikolajcik. FRIDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 208 Symposium on Chemical Aspects of Advances in Food Packaging E. G. Freudenstein, Presiding 9:00—47. Measurement of Organic Coatings on Glass Containers by Thermal Evolution Analysis. J. B. Cormack. 9:30—48. Recent Developments in Glass Containers for the Food Industry—an Update. H. C. Snyder. 10:00—Intermission. 10:20—49. Physicochemical Aspects of Migration by Indirect Food Additives. S. Gilbert. 11:10—50. Effect of Container on the Sensory and Nutritional Quality of Raw, Frozen, and Canned Packaged Foods. A. Kramer.

TUESDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 205 Symposium on Selected Topics in Analytical Chemistry J. A. Renner, Presiding 9 : 0 0 — 1 . Analytical Problem Solving Using Combined Techniques. J. G. Grasselli. 9:40—2. Monitoring Toxic Substance Exposure in the Workplace. D. G. Taylor. 10:20—Intermission. 10:30—3. Raman Spectroscopy: Are There Any Analytical Applications? B. J. Bulkin. 11:10—4. Empirical Formula Determination of Flavor and Fragrance Compounds. H. A. Bondarovich. TUESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 205 General J. A. Renner, Presiding 1:30—5. Quantitative Determination of Trace Levels of Titanium in Hydrazine. I. M. Citron, H. H. Martens. 1:50—6. Fast Automated Microsampler System for Flame Atomic Absorption. J. A. Steensrud, P. A. Bennet, T. N. McKenzie, M. W. Routh. 2 : 1 0 — 7 . Automated Graphics in Atomic Spectroscopy. D. A. Leighty, S. F. Wisloski, H. L. Kahn. 2:30—8. Fluorometric Determination of Thiazole-Containing Compounds: Application to Thiopeptin, a Peptide Antibiotic. J. W. Tolan, D. W. Fink, J.-S. K. Shim. 2:45—9. Selective Spectrophotometric Micro Method for Serum Iron. T. Vaccaro, H. R. Drott. 3:00—Intermission. 3:10—10. Internal Standards for Use in Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy. W. A. McAllister, G. W. Martin, F. D. Sancilio. 3:30—11. Statistical Approach to the Study of the Simple Hydrolysis of Metal Ions. S. A. Berger, S. M. Graff. 3:50—12. Signal Generator for Rapid Scan Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) Using Commercially Available Instrumentation. B. D. Yeakel, M. C. Hughes, K. C. Burrows. 4:05—13. Rapid Enthalpimetric Determination of the Unsaturated/Saturate Ratio of Lipid Mixtures. D. W. Rogers, M. K. Adeniran. 4:20—14. Convenient Method for the Evaporation of Solvent in the Priority Pollutant Protocol. E. Brozowski, D. Jeroiamon, D. M. Richton, D. E. Smith, J. S. Smith. WEDNESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 205 Symposium on Chromatography—Session A (Jointly supported by the Delaware Valley Chromatography Forum and the North Jersey Chromatography Topical Group) J. A. Renner, Presiding 9:00—15. Selective Detection in Chromatography. L. S. Ettre. 9 : 4 0 — 1 6 . Multitasking Chromatography Computer System. H. B. Woodruff, W. B. Caldwell, A. S. Rosenberg. 10:20—17. Glass Capillary GLC Analysis of Cannabis Crossbreeding Experiments. J. A. Beutler, A. H. Dermarderosian. 10:40—Intermission.

10:50—18. Gas Chromatographic Determination of Residual Solvents in Mefoxin (Cefoxitin Sodium). W. B. Caldwell, W. E. Tait, W. Reuter. 11:10—19. Analysis and Identification of Lavender, Lavandin, and Spike Lavender Oils by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. M. A. Miskiewicz M. J. Prager. 11:30—20. Simple Gas Chromatographic Modification Providing for Rapid Interchange of Capillary and Packed Columns. D. T. Burkitt, J. S. Smith. 1:30—21. Highly Effective Low-Cost Pulse Dampener for HPLC. D. A. Ventura, J. G. Nikelly. 1:50—22. Comparison of Ion-Selective Electrode Sensitivity with Ion Exchange Chromatographic Retention. K. Regan, R. F. Hirsch. 2:10—23. Determination of Antibiotic Cephamycin C by Ion-Pair Liquid Chromatography. W. B. Caldwell, B. C. Rettberg. 2:30—24. Helpful Hints in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. L. R. Palmer, J. S. Smith. 2:45—25. Analysis of Aromatic Sulfonic Acids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. C. French, L. Palmer, J. S. Smith. 3:00—Intermission. 3:10—26. Quantitative Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Xylitol and Related Compounds. V. Viswanathan, M. A. Calabrese, G. J. Manius, E. M. Debesis. 3:30—27. Instrumentation and Applications of Coupled HPLC-GC. S. P. Cram, A. C. Brown III, E. Freitas, R. E. Majors, E. L. Johnson, J. Robinson. 3:50—28. Sensitive Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Pyridine at the Low PPM Level. M. Gabriel, J. M. Hanrahan, J. S. Smith. THURSDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 205 Symposium on Chromatography—Session B (Jointly supported by the Delaware Valley Chromatography Forum and the North Jersey Chromatography Topical Group) J. A. Renner, Presiding 9:30—29. ASTM Standard Practice for Determining Performance of Fixed-Wavelength Photometric Detectors Used in Liquid Chromatography. L. R. Palmer, J. S. Smith. 9:50—30. Determination of p-Sulfobenzylic Acid by Reverse-Phase Ion-Pair Gradient Elution Chromatography. L. S. Colwell, W. B. Caldwell. 10:10—31. Influence of Operational Parameters on the Ion Formation and Response of an Electron Capture Detector. S. Kapila, C. R. Vogt, W. A. Aue. 10:30—Intermission. 10:40—32. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Bisphenol A and Its Impurities. B. W. Mueller, L. Palmer, J. S. Smith. 11:00—33. Single to Double Flame Photometric Response and Its Correlation to the Organophosphorus Structure. C. R. Vogt, S. Kapila. 11:20—34. Analysis of Polymer Oligomers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. C. French, L. Palmer, J. S. Smith.

CHEMICAL DOCUMENTATION D. Lewis, M. Huber, Chairpersons WEDNESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 208

Symposium on Systems for Structures and Data: Access to Nonbibliographic Chemical Information Systems for Substructure Searching M. Huber, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. M. Huber. 9:10—1. On-Line Searching of Specific Structures and Substructures via Wiswesser Line Notation. C. Granito. 9:45—2. NIH-EPA CIS Structure and Nomenclature Search System. G. W. A. Milne, S. R. Heller. 10:20—3. CAS Substructure Search System. N. A. Farmer. 10:55—4. Chemical Substructure Searching of the U.S. Chemical Patents: A User's Experience. B. Wilhide. 11:30—5. Chemical Structure Searching in Derwent's World Patent Index. S. M. Kaback. Systems for Nonbibliographic Chemical Data D. Lewis, Presiding 1:30—6. ManLabs-NPL Materials Data Bank. L. Kaufman. 2:00—7. Laboratory Animal Data Bank. T. E. Doszkocs, R. C. Simon. 2:30—8. NIH-EPA Chemical Information System. G. W. A. Milne, S. Heller. 3:00—9. Material Property Data System. J. Nardone, S. Tompkins. 3:30—10. Systematic Index of Reaction Mechanisms. D. Roberts, J. Silbermann.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 108 General—Session B M. L. Bryan, Presiding 1:30—9. Consumer Chemistry—Its Role in the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum. S. A. Berger. 1:50—10. Chemistry for Potters. A. A. Denio. 2:05—11. Integration of Clinical Concepts into Introductory Chemistry for Nursing and Allied Health Majors. M. Frechette, M. Shook. 2:20—12. Minimizing Early Student Withdrawal from Beginning College Chemistry by Delaying the Presentation of Chemical Mathematics. A. B. Loebel. 2:40—Intermission. 3:00—13. Animation in Organic Chemistry. N. Shaath, P. Cascio. 3:15—14. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Toluene and Ethylbenzene: an Organic Chemistry Laboratory. P. P. Hunt. 3:30—15. Research-Oriented Approach to Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Results and Evaluation. T. M. Chiu, C. C. Chiu. 3:45—16. Experimental Experiments in the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory—15 Years Later. S. Marmor.

THURSDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 206 CAS User Education Workshop—"Using Chemical Abstracts Service ComputerReadable Files" Full-day Workshop (minimum 20 participants—advance registration: $25).

CHEMICAL EDUCATION P. Willis, Chairperson FRIDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 108 Symposium on Chemical Education and Industrial Chemistry D. Mitchell, Presiding 8:45—Introductory Remarks. D. Mitchell. 8:50—1. Chemistry Curricula for Industrial Employment. C. W. Schultz. 9:10—2. Analytical Characterization of Synthetic Elastomers. D. Andersen, W. C. Percival. 9:30—3. Differential Thermal Analysis of Alkali Metal-Concrete Interactions. G. C. Burrow, R. E. Witkowski, R. G. Charles. General—Session A D. Mitchell, Presiding 9:50—4. Use of Metal Ion Clusters as Model Systems for the Teaching of Molecular Orbital Theory in Inorganic Chemistry. W. P. Anderson. 10:05—Intermission. 10:20—5. Retraining Chemists—Is It Worth While? N. M. Roscher. 10:40—6. Continuing Education Project for Updating Women in Biochemistry. Sr. M. K. McElroy. 11:00—7. Programed Visual Instruction Manuals for the Instrumental Analysis Laboratory. M. D. Rieder, R. G. Lopresti, W. H. McCurdy Jr. 11:45—8. Microprocessor-Based Mass Spectrometer Simulator. J. N. Carter, N. C. Peterson.

CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS C. F. Currier, Chairperson TUESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Laboratory Technician Symposium Edison Science Building E2 C. F. Currier, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. C. F. Currier. 9:05—1. Report from the National Council of Chemical Technician Affiliates (NCCTA). D. R. Wonchoba. 9:15—2. Electron Microscopy of Clostridium perfringens Treated with Sodium Nitrite. R. D. Zabarsky, S. B. Jones. 9:30—3. Chemical Safety in the Laboratory. N. J. Kippenhan. 10:20—Intermission. 10:30—Technical Workshop I. Tektronix Inc. Demonstration and operation of various computer terminal equipment to Include color video display, large screen video display, graphic plotter units, and microprocessor system. (Hands-on operation of units by the audience is encouraged.) 1:30—Introductory Remarks. 1:35—Technician Workshop I (continued). 3:00—Intermission. 3:15—Technician Workshop I (continued). 4:30—Concluding Remarks. WEDNESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Laboratory Technician Symposium Edison Science Building E2 C. F. Currier, Presiding. 9:00—Introductory Remarks. R. Carver. 9:10—4. NIOSH/OSHA Standards Completion Program—New Occupational Health Guidelines. W. E. Shoemaker. 9:40—5. Keynote Speaker: P. S. Landis. 10:20—Intermission. 10:30—Technician Workshop II. Foxboro Co. Quantitative application of single-beam IR. (1) Multicomponent analysis of pharmaceuticals. Feb. 12, 1979 C&EN

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(2) IR as LC and GC detectors. (3) Application of ATR for quantitative measurements in aqueous solutions. (4) Determination of oil in water at PPM levels. (Hands-on operation of units by the audience is encouraged.) 1:30—Introductory Remarks. R. Carver. 1:35—Technician Workshop II (continued). 3:00—Intermission. 3:15—Technician Workshop II (continued). 4:30—Concluding Remarks.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY G. B. Martin,

Chairperson

TUESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 201 General—Session A R. K. Tucker, Presiding 1 0 : 2 0 — 1 . Variability of Trace Organics Identified in Drinking Water During a Week of Sampling. I. H. Suffet, L. Brenner. 10:40—2. Role of Strong Ion Exchange Resins in Nitrosamine Formation in Water. W. I. Kimoto, C. J. Dooley, J. Carre, W. Fiddler. 11:00—3. Drinking Water Disinfection with A/f/V-Dimethyldodecyl Quaternary Ammonium Functions on a Polystyrene Matrix. I. H. Walfish, G. E. Janauer. General—Session B R. K. Tucker, Presiding 1:30—4. Rapid AA Determination with a New Hydrid/Mercury System. J. A. Steensrud, K. G. Brodie, D. E. Shrader. 1:50—5. Heavy Metals in Garden Soil and Vegetables as Determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Methods. J. R. Preer, B. R. Stephens, H. S. Sekhon, M. S. Collins. 2:10—6. Adsorption of Cadmium on Clay and River Sediment: Effects of pH and Cd(ll) Concentrations in a Synthetic River Water Medium. B. McDuffie, J. D. Reid. 2:30—7. Determination of Formation of Constants of Fresh Water and Saline Sedimentary Humic Acids with Several Transition and Heavy Metals. M. Sohn, M. C. Hughes. 2:50—Intermission. 3:10—8. Toxic and Carcinogenic Chemicals in Surface and Ground Waters of New Jersey. R. K. Tucker, P. W. Preuss, J. V. Hunter. 3:30—9. Transport of Heavy Metals in the Newark Bay System. A. L. Meyerson, G. W. Luther III. 3:50—10. Anaerobic Biochemical Processes During the 1976 Dysaerobia in the New York Bight. A. F. J. Draxler, C. J. Byrne. WEDNESDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson W-2 Symposium on Combustion Chemistry and the Environment G. B. Martin, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. G. B. Martin. 9 : 2 0 — 1 1 . Catalytic Combustion for System Applications. J. P. Kesselring, W. V. Krill, R. M. Kendall, G. B. Martin. 9:40—12. Gas-Phase Oxidation Downstream of a Catalytic Combustor. J. S. T'ien, D. N. Anderson. 10:00—Intermission. 10:20—13. Breakthrough and Burnout of Carbon Monoxide in Catalytic Combustion. P. M. Walsh, C. Bruno, B. Kim, D. A. Santavicca, F. V. Bracco. 10:40—Discussion. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson West Lobby

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Workshop on Energy and the Environment H. Kimmel, Presiding 2:00—Introductory Remarks. H. Kimmel. 2:15—Demonstration of the Energy-Environment Simulator. (Hands-on operation by the audience is encouraged.) THURSDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 201 Symposium on Air Pollution, Sampling and Analysis J. W. Bozzelli, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. J. W. Bozzelli. 9:15—14. Carbon Dioxide in the Urban Atmosphere: Dependencies and Trends. T. E. Graedel, J. E. McRae. 9:40—15. Solid Sampling Medium for Acrolein and Formaldehyde. A. Gold, T. J. Smith, C. E. Dube, J. J. Cafarella. 10:05—16. Measurement of the Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Process Streams and Fugitive Emission Sources by On-Site Gas Chromatography. W. R. Feairheller. 10:30—Intermission. 10:55—17. Evaluation of Sorbents for Trapping of Organic Vapors from the Ambient Atmosphere. R. Vaccaro, L. Horgan, B. Kebbekus, J. W. Bozzelli. 11:20—18. Trace Analysis for Selected Carcinogenic Organic Vapors in Ambient Air. J. W. Bozzelli, J. Kemp, J. Laregina, B. Kebbekus. 2:00—19. Determination of Particulate-Borne /\/-Nitrosamines in Air. R. J. Hershman, J. M. Daisey. 2:25—20. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Newark (N.J.) Airborne Particulates. A. Greenberg, F. Cannova. 2 : 5 0 — 2 1 . Comparison of Winter and Summer Sulfate in New York City from 1972 Through 1977 P . J . Lioy, M. Morandi. 3:15—Intermission. 3:35—22. Studies of TSP and Trace Element Samples of an Urban Roof and Ground Level Station. R. P. Mallon, T. J. Kneip, P. J. Lioy. 4:00—23. Analysis of Airborne Particulates for Metals. J. W. Bozzelli, D. Stout, N. Yura.

FUELS, CATALYSIS, CHEMICALS FROM COAL T o m O'Hare,

Chairperson

FRIDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 106 Symposium on Methanol D. Garrett, Presiding 9:00—Opening Remarks. D. Garrett. 9 : 1 0 — 1 . Overview of Methanol Production and Utilization. D. F. Othmer. 9:50—2. Solid-State Chemistry of Methanol Synthesis Catalysts. R. G. Herman, J. B. Bulko, K. Klier, S. Mehta, G. W. Simmons. 10:30—Intermission. 10:40—3. Methanol Synthesis from Syn Gas Production Through Refining. A. B. Stiles. 11:20—4. Methanol Production Economics from Coal. N. P. Cochran. 1:30—5. Performance of Combined Cycle Power Plants Fueled by Methanol. C. E. Seglem. 2:10—6. Alaskan Methanol Way. W. H. Kumm. 2:50—Intermission. 3 : 00—7. High-Quality Transportation Fuels from CO-H 2 . L. M. Joseph, R. E. Hildebrand. 3:40—Closing Remarks. D. Garrett.

FRIDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 205 Symposium on Pyrolysis C. H. Waide, Presiding 9:00—Opening Remarks. C. H. Waide. 9:10—8. Comparison of Pyrolysis Results from Low and High Volatile Bituminous Coal. E. Sundberg. 9:50—9. Flash Hydrogenation of Bituminous Coals—a Comparison of the Product Distribution Patterns of Illinois No. 6 and Pittsburgh No. 8 (Ireland Mine) Coals. R. A. Graff, A. I. LaCava, W. U. Chen, S. J. Shen. 10:20—Intermission. 10:40—10. Production of Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbon via Flash Hydropyrolysis of Coal. P. T. Fallon, M. Steinberg. 11:20—11. Design Aspects of Hydropyrolysis Using a Riser Cracker. D. Duncan. 12:00—Closing Remarks. C. H. Waide. FRIDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 104 Symposium on Catalysts G. Evans, Presiding 1:30—Opening Remarks. G. Evans. 1:40—12. Catalytic Activity of Coal Minerals. T. Ganguer, R. Smol, H. Trasad. 2:20—13. Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Metal Carbonyl Anions. G. Evans, C. Newell, D. Mills. 3:00—Intermission. 3:10—14. Iron-Titanium for Carbon Oxide Reduction. J. R. Lynch, L. D. Spaulding. 3:50—15. Synthesis of Substituted Benzaldehyde by Catalytic Autooxidation. A. J. Chalk, S. A. Magennis, W. E. Newman. 4:30—Closing Remarks. G. Evans.

HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY T. K o e p p e l ,

Chairperson

TUESDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson W-2 General T. Koeppel, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. T. Koeppel. 9 : 0 5 — 1 . Roots of Vaccination Theory in 19th Century Homeopathic Medicine. N. I. Foster, N. D. Heindel. 9:30—2. Charles Avery Doremus' Notes on Chemistry, 1869. D. A. Katz. 10:00—3. Precedence in the Electronic Theory of Organic Reactions. M. D. Saltzman, L. B. Gortler. 10:30—Intermission. 10:45—4. Chemistry's Creative Women—the Garvan Medalists. N. M. Roscher. TUESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson W-2 Symposium on Chemistry in America: Historical Perspectives on Its Past and Present J. Servos, Presiding 1:30—Introductory Remarks. J. Servos. 1:35—5. Quantitative Analysis of American Chemistry: 1876-1976. R. F. Bud, P. T. Carroll, J. L. Sturchio, A. W. Thackray. 2:20—6. Charles F. Chandler, the American Chemical Society, and Club Life in Gilded Age New York. J. L. Sturchio. 3:00—Intermission. 3:15—7. Roger Adams: Scientist, Educator, and Public Servant. D. S. Tarbell, A. T. Tarbell. 4:00—8. Louis Hammett, Paul Bartlett, and the Origins of Physical Organic Chemistry. L. Gortler.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

4:00—19. Borane Reagents—a 40-Year Odyssey. H. C. Brown.

L. G. Sneddon, Chairperson

THURSDAY MORNING

TUESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 104 Symposium on Synthesis and Properties of Electrically Conducting Materials A. G. MacDiarmid, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. A. G. MacDiarmid. 9:10—1. Chemistry and Properties of Metallic Charge-Transfer Salts Based on Tetrathiafulvalene Donors. E. M. Engler. 10:10—2. New Highly Conducting Macromolecular Materials. T. J. Marks, B. Kundalkar, L.-S. Lin, K. F. Schoch. 11:10—3. Highly Conducting Graphite Intercalation Compounds. F. L. Vogel. T. J. Marks, Presiding 2:00—4. Recent Developments in Synthesis, Structure, and Electrical Conductivity Studies of 1-D Tetracyanoplatinate Metals. J. M. Williams. 2:45—5. Metallic Polymers. G. B. Street. 3:30—6. Organic Metals and Semiconductors: Polyacetylene, (CH)X and Its Derivatives. A. G. MacDiarmid, A. J. Heeger. 4:15—7. Structure-Property Relationships for Conducting Polyacetylenes. R. H. Baughman. WEDNESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 201 Symposium on Materials Chemistry Materials Chemistry and Energy S. H. Wagner, Presiding 8:50—Introductory Remarks on Materials Chemistry. R. A. Laudise. 8:55—Introductory Remarks on Materials Chemistry and Energy. S. H. Wagner. 9:00—8. Chemistry of the Cu2S/CdS Solar Cell. B. Baron, J. D. Meakin. 9:30—9. Chemistry of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon. I. Haller. 10:00—10. Electrochemical Photovoltaic Cells with Storage. H. Witzke. 10:30—11. Transition Metal Oxides as Lithium Solid Solution Electrodes. D. W. Murphy, P. A. Christian, F. J. DiSalvo, J. N. Carides. 11:00—12. Thermal Storage by Reversible Chemical Reactions. R. R. Reeves Jr. Materials Chemistry and Electronics D. M. Smyth, Presiding 1:25—Introductory Remarks on Materials Chemistry and Electronics. D. M. Smyth. 1:30—13. Relationship of Chemistry to Electronic Properties in Graphite Intercalation Compounds. L. B. Ebert, J. C. Scanlon. 2:00—14. Ferroelectric Oxides for Capacitor Dielectrics. D. M. Smyth. 2:30—15. Chlorine Incorporation in Si0 2 Thin Films Formed by Oxidation of Si. S. R. Butler, F. J. Feigl. 3:00—16. Chemistry of Magnetic Bubble Materials. E. A. Giess. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 106 Symposium on Modern Applications of Inorganic Chemistry L. G. Sneddon, Presiding 2:00—17. Photoactivation of Organometallic Catalysts. M. S. Wrighton, J. L. Graff, C. L. Reichel, R. D. Sanner. 3:00—18. Polyphosphazenes. H. R. Allcock.

Woodrow Wilson 106 General—Session A C. S. Kraihanzel, Presiding 9:00—20. Vapor Pressures and Thermodynamics of Rare-Earth Metal Trichlorides. C. E. Myers, M. H. Hannay. 9:20—21. Covalent Bonding in Solid Rare-Earth Metal Trichlorides. C. E. Myers, L. J. Norman II, L. M. Loew. 9:40—22. Metal Atom Reactions of Hexaborane (10): Synthesis of New Metallo-Carboranes and -Thiaboranes. G. J. Zimmerman, L. G. Sneddon. 10:00—23. Crystal and Molecular Structure of M3-CO-1,2,3-(77-C5H5)3 CO3B3H3. J. M. Gromek, J. Donohue. 10:20—24. Metal Atom Synthesis of New Fluorocarbon Complexes. M. B. Freeman, L. W. Hall, L. G. Sneddon. 10:40—25. 147-Nm Photolysis of Monosilane. G. G. A. Perkins, E. R. Austin, F. W. Lampe. 11:00—26. Syntheses and Characterization of Some Heteronuclear Bimetallic Complexes. C. S. Kraihanzel, G. M. Gray. 11:20—27. Kinetics of the Stepwise Hydrolysis of the Difluoro (^.^'^^-Triaminotriethylamine)chromium(lll) Cation. M. J. Saliby, S. K. Madan. THURSDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 106 General—Session B J. Bulkowski, Presiding 2:00—28. Tensile Properties and Partial Alignment of Polyacetylene, (CH)X Films. M. A. Druy, A. G. MacDiarmid, C. Tsang, N. Brown, A. J. Heeger. 2:20—29. Electrochemistry of Polyacetylene, (CH)X: Electrochemical Doping of (CH)X Films to the Metallic State. P. J. Nigrey, A. G. MacDiarmid, A. J. Heeger. 2:40—30. Synthesis and Applications of Doped Derivatives of Polyacetylene, (CH)X. S. C. Gau, A. G. MacDiarmid, C. K. Chiang, A. J. Heeger. 3:00—31. Synthetic Approaches to Bimetallic Complexes of Novel Hexaaza Macrobicyclic Cages. A. E. Martin, J. E. Bulkowski. 3:20—32. New Copper Complexes in A, X, and Y Zeolites and Their Interactions with Dioxygen. R. G. Herman. 3:40—33. Coordination Properties of Metallo Tetraphenylporphyrins at the Air-Water Interface. R. A. Bull, J. E. Bulkowski. 4:00—34. Synthesis, Purification, and Monolayer Properties of Surfactant Porphyrins. S. R. Sauerbrunn, J. E. Bulkowski. 4:20—35. Phosphorus-Nitrogen, Mixed-Donor Polydentate Ligands and Their Platinum Metal Complexes. R. J. Uriarte, D. W. Meek. 4:40—36. Analysis of the Double Layer Lattice Adopted by Amino Acids, Amino Acid Hydrohalides, and M(Amino Acidate)2 [M = Cu(ll), Cd(ll), Zn(ll)] Complexes. T. G. Fawcett, B. C. Cohen, J. A. Potenza, H. J. Schugar.

MEDICINAL & BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY N. D. Heindel, Chairperson WEDNESDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 104

Symposium on the Biology of Aging R. C. Adelman, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. R. C. Adelman. 9:05—1. Changes in Adaptive Mechanisms. R. C. Adelman. 9:50—2. Cellular Senescence. V. J. Cristofalo. 10:30—Intermission. 10:40—3. Biochemical Changes. G. Baker. 11:20—4. Advances in Gerontological Pharmacology. J. Roberts. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 104 General—Session A A. de Korte, Presiding 1:30—5. Fluorescence Quenching of Methyl2-Aminobenzoate in the Presence of Betacyclodextrin. A Model for the Dynamic Quenching of Chromophores in Hydrophobic Regions of Biopolymers. C. Cantor, R. Langlois, A. de Korte. 1:50—6. Polarographic Investigation of the Reaction of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide with Borate. S. L. Johnson. 2:10—7. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Motional Behavior of Ethyl Isocyanide Bound to Myoglobin and Hemoglobin. J. G. Gilman. 2:30—8. Synthesis and Crystallographic Study of DL-Alanyl DL-Hydrazinopropionic Acid. D. M. Obzansky, T. H. Doyne. 2:50—Intermission. 3:00—9. Steroid Analysis of Human Apocrine Secretion. J. N. Labows, G. Preti, J. Leyden, A. Kligman. 3:20—10. Salivary Volatiles Diagnostic of Periodontal Disease. J. G. Kostelc, G. Preti, J. Tonzetich, P. R. Zelson, N. H. Stoller. 3:40—11. Analysis of Reproductive Tract Fluids by GC/MS: Alterations Caused by Sexual Arousal. G. Preti, G. R. Huggins, G. D. Silverberg. 4:00—12. Cupric Tetramine Complexes of Biomedical Interest. T. G. Fawcett, J. L. Hughey IV, S. M. Rudich, B. Toby, J. A. Potenza, H. J. Schugar, R. A. Lalancette, T. R. Borthwick, G. D. Benson. 4:20—13. Filamentous Virus Coat Protein Studies by NMR. T. A. Cross, S. J. Opella. THURSDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 104 General—Session B S. W. Schaffer, Presiding 9:00—Introduction. 9:05—14. Oxoglutarate Reductive Carboxylation Pathway and AcSCoA Production in Brain. A. Shrutkowski, K. Ho, R. Thomas, V. Jorgensen, A. F. D'Adamo Jr. 9:25—15. Regulation of Ornithine Decarbolase Activity in N-18 Neuroblastoma Cells. K.-Y. Chen, J. J. Colicelli, A. Maddatu Jr. 9:45—16. Comparative Inactivation and Inhibition of the Anomerase and Isomerase Activities of Phosphoglucose Isomerase. E. E. Howell, K. J. Schray. 10:05—17. Specific Thiopeptide and Thionester Substrates for Carboxypeptidase. A. P. Campbell, N. T. Nashed. 10:25—18. Taurine as an Effector of Calcium Binding to Cardiac Sarcolemma. J. P. Chovan, E. Kulakowski, S. W. Schaffer. 10:45—19. Detergent Solubilization of a Taurine Binding Protein from Cardiac Ventricular Sarcolemma. E. C. Kulakowski, J. Maturo, S. W. Schaffer. 11:05—20. Correlation of Physicochemical Properties and Structure of Benzoates with the Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum. M. Dymicky, C. N. Huhtanen.

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11:25—21. Synthesis of Biologically Active /\/-Hydroxy-A/-Carbonyl Amines and a-Amino Acids. D. Pawlush, E. G. E. Jahngen Jr. THURSDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 104 General—Session C R. J. L. Bondar, Presiding 2:00—22. Cytotoxic and Radiodiagnostic Analogs of Cyclophosphamide. T. Duelfer, N. D. Heindel, S.-L. Kuorikoski, H. D. Burns, H. Manspeaker, J. Emrich, L. W. Brady. 2:20—23. Changes in the Bile Acid Pattern in Liver Cancer. M. A. Russo, R. Traflet, V. Constant, J. Bullock, A. K. Bose. 2:40—24. Transformations of Bile Alcohols. B. Dayal, E. Bagan, J. Speck, G. Salen. 3:00—25. Effects of Liver Perfusion Conditions on the Translational State of Polysomes Isolated from Hepatocytes. T. G. Helinek, L. S. Faulkner, T. M. Devlin, J. J. Ch'ih. 3:20—26. Diamino-Substituted Estradiol Analogs as Carriers for Antineoplastic C/s-diamminoplatinum Complexes. R. Schneider, H. T. Ravert, N. D. Heindel, H. D. Burns. 3:40—27. Convenient Methods for the Preparation of (v-Substituted Fatty Acids. F. D. Smith, W. M. Linfield. 4:00—28. Condensation/Rearrangements Leading to Derivatives of 3-(2-Mercaptoethyl) Coumarin. G. A. Miller, N. D. Heindel. FRIDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 104 General—Session D H. D. Burns, Presiding 9:00—Introduction. 9:05—29. Synthesis and Biodistribution of Bis-(2-Mercaptoethyl)Amine Complexes of 99m Tc. H. Manspeaker, R. A. Miller, J. Emrich, N. D. Heindel, H. D. Burns. 9:25—30. Synthesis and Biodistribution of 4lodophenyltrimethylammonium Acetate (IPTMA). R. F. Dannals, H. D. Burns, T. E. Dannals, T. Trageser, L. G. Marzilli. 9:45—31. Identification and Synthesis of Novel A/-Acetyl-Lysine Conjugated Metabolite from Pyridyl Alcohol in Rat. B. Y. H. Hwang, C. Miao. 10:05—32. Metabolism of (1-/J-Methylnaphthyl)-4-(2-Pyridyl)Piperazine in the Rat and the Dog. B. Y. H. Hwang, R. H. Dewey. 10:25—33. Synthesis and Biological Properties of the First Thromboxane A2 Analog. R. L. Magolda, K. C. Nicolaou, J. B. Smith, A. M. Lefer. 10:45—34. Synthesis and Evaluation of Potential Melanin-Binding Radiopharmaceuticals. E. G. Corley, N. D. Heindel, H. D. Burns, H. Manspeaker, R. Schneider. 11:05—35. Psoralen Analogs as MelanomaImaging Radiopharmaceuticals. I. J. Gupta, N. D. Heindel, H. D. Burns, H. Manspeaker, J. Emrich, L. W. Brady.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY T. Yoshida, Chairperson TUESDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 102 Symposium on Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis R. A. Holton, Presiding 9:00—1. Organozirconium Compounds in Organic Synthesis. J. Schwartz.

36

C&ENFeb. 12, 1979

9:50—2. Zircoriium-Catalyzed Controlled Carbometallation as a Selective Route to Trisubstituted Olefins. E.-l. Negishi. 10:40—3. a,/i-Dialkylation of a,|rt-Ethylenic Ketones: Synthesis of Sesquiterpenes and Steroids. G. H. Posner. 11:30—4. Nickel-Catalyzed Addition of Grignard Reagents to Silylalkynes. B. B. Snider. B. B. Snider, Presiding 2:00—5. Palladium-Catalyzed Syntheses with Vinylic Halides. R. F. Heck, B. A. Patel, F. G. Stakem, L-C. Kao. 2:50—6. Orthopalladation, Carbopalladation, and Natural Product Synthesis. R. A. Holton. 3:40—7. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis. D. Valentine Jr. WEDNESDAY MORNING Woodrow Wilson 102 General—Session A M. S. Manhas, Presiding 9:00—Introductory Remarks. M. S. Manhas. 9:05—8. A/-Phenylselenosuccinimide and NPhenylselenophthalimide in Organic Synthesis. D. A. Claremon, W. E. Barnette, K. C. Nicolaou. 9:25—9. Peroxyacetic Acid: a Useful Cooxidant for Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation of NArylsulfonylsulfilimines to Sulfoximines. D. M. Ketcha, D. Swern. 9:45—10. Use of Photocycloaddition-Thermolysis in the Synthesis of Sesquiterpenes. J. F. Callahan, J. R. Williams. 10:05—Intermission. 10:25—11. Synthesis and Chemistry of 2,11-Dehydro-5-Homoadamantanone. T. M. Ford, R. K. Murray. 10:45—12. Reaction of 2,3-Diphenylthiirene 1,1-Dioxide with Azide Ion. B. B. Jarvis, G. P. Stahly. 11:05—13. Diazomethane Induced Hofmann Eliminations. N. Shaath, R. Kaldany, T. O. Soine. 11:25—14. Orthoester Approach to Trihalomethylthioacetic Acids. S. H. Levinson, W. L. Mendelson, J.-H. Liu. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Woodrow Wilson 102 General—Session B J. R. Williams, Presiding 1:30—Introductory Remarks. J. R. Williams. 1:35—15. Synthesis of 9,10-Dihydroxy-6,7Dihydro-5H-Dibenz(b,d) Azepine. R. Franz, J. Weinstock. 1:55—16. Synthesis of 6-Substituted-7,8Dimethoxy - 1 - Phenyl-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro(1H)-3-Benzazepines via Lithium Reagents. Use of A/-Acyl Protecting Groups. C. K. Brush, J. Weinstock. 2:15—17. Improved Synthesis of Fluoroveratroles and Fluorophenethylamines. D. L. Ladd, J. Weinstock. 2:35—18. Regiospecific Reactivity of Nucleophiles Toward Unsaturated Ketoesters. G. B. Bennett, R. B. Mason. 2:55—Intermission. 3:15—19. 7,8-Dihydro-5(6H)Quinolones: Potential Intermediates for the Synthesis of Pumiliotoxin C. G. B. Bennett, H. Minor. 3:35—20. New Synthesis of a,