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A Biradical Balancing Act: Redox Amphoterism in a Diindenoanthracene Derivative Results from Quinoidal Acceptor and Aromatic Donor Motifs Gabriel E. Rudebusch, Guzmán L. Espejo, Jose L. Zafra, Miriam Peña-Alvarez, Sarah N. Spisak, Kotaro Fukuda, Zheng Wei, Masayoshi Nakano, Marina A. Petrukhina, Juan Casado, and Michael M. Haley J. Am. Chem. Soc., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07882 • Publication Date (Web): 30 Aug 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on August 30, 2016
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Journal of the American Chemical Society
A Biradical Balancing Act: Redox Amphoterism in a Diindenoanthracene Derivative Results from Quinoidal Acceptor and Aromatic Donor Motifs Gabriel E. Rudebusch,† Guzmán L. Espejo,‡ José L. Zafra,‡ Miriam Peña-Alvarez,‡ Sarah N. Spisak,§ Kotaro Fukuda,|| Zheng Wei,§ Masayoshi Nakano,*,|| Marina A. Petrukhina,*,§ Juan Casado,*,‡ and Michael M. Haley*,† †
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States ‡ Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga, Spain § Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222-0100, United States || Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan Supporting Information Placeholder
ABSTRACT: The reduced and oxidized states of an open-shell diindeno[b,i]anthracene (DIAn) derivative have been investigated by experimental and theoretical techniques. As a result of moderate biradical character and the ability of cyclopenta-fused scaffolds to stabilize both positive and negative charges, DIAn exhibits rich redox chemistry with four observable and isolable charged states. Structural and electronic properties of the DIAn system are brought to light by UV-vis-NIR and Raman spectroelectrochemical measurements. Aromatization of the diindeno-fused anthracene core upon successive single electron injections is revealed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction of radical anion and dianion salts. We present a rare case where the pseudo-aromatic/quinoidal ground state of a neutral biradical PCH leads to a stable cascade of five redox states. Our detailed investigation of the transformation of molecular structure along all four redox events provides a clearer understanding of the nature of charge carriers in ambipolar OFETs. Introduction Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PCHs) very often exhibit rich redox chemistry in addition to unique electronic and optical properties. The exploration of the charge distribution, magnetism, electronic structure and solid-state morphology of redox-active PCHs are well-engrained areas of physical organic chemistry.1–5 The practical application of redox active PCHs and related materials has seen considerable growth in recent years as the limits of traditional inorganic-based systems are becoming evident.6–8 A related field experiencing a burst of activity involves the synthesis and characterization of PCHs with biradical character.9–12 Typically, high levels of reactivity are associated with the pair of loosely correlated electrons. As a consequence of new synthetic approaches and improved spectroscopic techniques, numerous stable biradical PCHs have been reported in the last decade.10,11 The molecules exhibit many favorable properties, including redox amphoterism, strong absorption in the visible spectrum, small frontier orbital energy gaps (
