4 tke New England Association of Chem
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Elberl C. Weaver Phillips Academy Andover, Massachusetts and Laurence S. Foster Watertown Arsenal Watertown, Massachusetts
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A Catalog of Filmstrips for Chemistry Teaching
F.ilmstrlps . (slide . films) are the workhorse of audio-visual presentations in classrooms. The popularity of filmstrips is related to their versatility. They are used for introducing a topic, for class or individual review, for carrying a topic to an absent student, and for a basis of class discussion. I n some ways, filmstrips approach a "teaching machine" in their ability to present an important concept. A few frames from a filmstrip may be used to illustrate a point in a lesson or to give a diagram or a tabulation more legibly and quickly than can be done by the instructor's work a t a chalkboard. The following list presents a survey of the existiug filmstrips on chemical subjects. The sources of procurement are coded, and the code is explained a t the end of the list. Information about additions to the list will be welcomed by the authors. Like motion-pictures, filmstrips differ widely in level of sophistication, pedagogical approach, freedom from errors and ambiguities, and quality of art work. Distributors of filmstrips generally are willing to send them on approval for preview, and to grant full credit 011 the return of those found unsuited. Viewing devices vary from handy individual viewers to room-size projectors. The reader is referred to a catalog of audio-visual supplies for information about these devices. t r r physical rllnrnrteristics nnrl S u l / ~ l l l ~ s t r ~ ~the
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Acid and Basic Solutions. Formation of hydronium ions in ionimtion of an acid; the cause of differing strengths of acids. Ability of acids to conduct electricity, their reaction with metals, and other properties related to theory. Alkaline solution^ of metdlic hydroxides; neutralisation and relationehip of water to aeid and alkaliline solutions. (43 b&w) McG-H $6. The Atom. A simple and understandable explanation of the structure and behwior of the atom. (55 color) Life $6.
T h e cover The photograph shows the me of a filmstrip by Mr. ~ o A. Halsted in a chemistry claxsroom at Evanston Township High School, Illinois. The editor gratefully acknowledges the help and cooperation of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Films, Inc., who provided the photograph, "Atomic and Molecular Models" filmstrip series. Thanks also go to Mr. Milan Heraog of E. B. F. for an attractive feature picture.
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Journal of Chemical Education
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Atomic and Molecular Weights. Indicates how atomic weights are determined, how to calculate molecular weights, and how to calculate percentages of elements in compounds. (49 color) EBF $6, also (51 color) SVE $6. Atomic Concepts I . Historical development of early contributions to atomic theory, from Greeks to 20th Century. (45 h&w) VS s3. . Almnic Concepts II. Modern views of the atom including thermonuclear reaction. (40 h&w) VS $3. dtomic Concepts 111-The Nucleus. Representation of electron, proton, and neutron and how they make up an atom. (45 h&w) VS . - RR Atornlc Theory, The. Volumetric gas reactions explained by assuming rearrangements of atoms within molecules. Aesumptions of the atomic theory and its Use to explain the laws of definite and multiple proportions. Clarifies the meaning of atomic weights, and shows the method of finding the atomic weight of an element in a gaseous compound. (45 b&w) McG-H 86. Atoms and Molecules. Develops deeper understanding of elements, physical structure of gases, liquids, solids. Btoms; nuclear fieeion. (46 color) SVE $6. Atoms fw Peace. Gives the history of the uses of atomic energy, from the explosion of the firet test bomb in New Mexico, up to the later developments. (b&w) (with lecture guide) Life $2.50. Atoms, Molecules and Ions. Changing concept of atom described. Work of Dalton, Bohr, and ot,her scientists shown. (48 color) SVE $6. Atmosphere, The. Gases making up our atmosphere. Importance of nitrogen. (65 b&w) SVE $3.25. Balancing Equations by Electron-Transfer. Oxidation numbers; change of oxidation numbers in a chemical reaction; this change used as basis for balancing equations; a step-by-step explanation of the electron-transfer method. (An audience-participation filmstrip. Some examples me worked out in detail, others are left for completion.) (40 color) MeG-H $8. Carha and Its Oxides. Many forms, uses, and application. (52 b&w) SVE 53.25. Chemical Bond, The. The properties of compounds ae related to the types of chemical bonds that hold atoms together, ionic, covalent, and coordinate covalent bonds. (48 b&w) McG-H $6. Chemical Changes. Demonstrates difference between chemical and phyeical change. Shows expressions in formulas, how to produce and prevent chemical changes. (42 color) SVE $6. Chemical Formula, The. Method of finding the simplest formula. of water; radicals; the term combining number (valence) and a. method for determining it. Multiple combining numbers; how formulas; ~ to write ~ l ~ naming ~ simple compounds. (54 b&w) McG-H $6. Chewistry of Imn, The. A 6hnstrip intended primarily for use in high-school chemistry classes. Describes the production of iron with emphasis on the chemistrv involved. (35 color) (Teaching suggestions booklet accompanies it.) Amer. I & S Inst. Free. ~
Chemistvy of Steel, The. A filmstrip for high soh001 chemistry classes. Sequel to Chemistry of Irm. Describes the production of steel with emphasis on the chemistry involved. (50 color) (Teaching suggestions booklet accompanies it.) Amer. I & S Inst. Free. Chlorine and Its Compounds. Member of halogen family. Common table salt. (60 b&w) SVE 53.25. Classification of Matter. Distinguishes between objects and substances. General classification of matter. (49 color) EBF $6. Composition of Atmns. Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Number and arrangement of these atomic particles determine the properties and classification of atoms. (49 color) EBF $6. Cmtrudion of Molecular Models. How to build atomic, molecular, and ionic models starting with Styrofoam (or other) spheres. Instructions for building models of 30 common substances. (51 color) EBF $6. Crystals. Effects of temperature changes and of solvent^ on cryatale. The manufacture of synthetic crystals. The uses of crystals in modern industry. A brief description of piezoelectric phenomena. (27 b&w) M e G H $6. Crystals and Their D e f o m t i m . Correlates behavior of crystals under stress with the pecking of their constituent atoms and moleoules. (24 color) EBF $6. Eleet~olysis. Electrolysis of a liquid explained in terms of the theory of ioniestion. Dilute solutions, concentrated solutions, and melted salts considered as electrolytes. Relative activity of metals explained in terms of ability to lose electrons; replacement series of the metals. Generation of electricity by an oxidation-reduction reaction. (42 b&w) McG-H $6. Electron Amngemenl and Chemical Bonds. Electrons of an atom are distributed in shells; electrons in the outer shells govern chemical behavior. Shows how typical compounds are formed. (49 color) EBF $6. Electroplating. The theory and practice of electroplating, including functions of the cathode, anode, plating bath, and current. Fitradav's law and electrochemical eauivalents. Conditions necessaUw for satisfaotory electroplating~ the electroplating of an automohile bumper. (40 color) M c G H 68. Elect~on Theory, TheC-8.1, C-8-11. Structure of the atom; isotopes; indicates how atoms lend, borrow, and ahwe electrons. (44 each-h&w) VS $3 each. Elements, Cmnpmnds, Miztures. Atom pictured as it exists in these forms. Utilizes modern laboratory experiments. (53 color) SVE $6. Equdions. Customary arrangement and meaning of equations used to represent chemical ohanges. Method of balancing simple equations by inspection. Meaning of signs added to equations. (35 h&w) McG-H $6. Epuiliblium. Starts with an example of an equilibrium (decomposition of sodium nitrate) taken from recent literature. Shows how the concentration of the components a t equilibrium is affected by temperature, pressure, and catalyst. (40 color) McG-H $8. Fmts and Laws. Physical, chemical changes. Elements. Energy. (55 b&w) SVE $3.25. Fwe and Fuels. Oxidation, combustion, kindling temp. Common fuels. (67 b & ~SVE ) $3.25. Fluorine Story, The. The importance of fluorine; natural sources. The change of fluoride ions to free fluorine; the place of fluorine among the halogens. Properties and Uses of fluorine. Compounds of fluorine (fluorides) and their uses. Water fluoridation. (40 color) M c G H $8. Goa Laws. Reviews the contributions of Boyle, Charles, and
Gay-Lussac to an understanding of gases. Solves problems by method of variation. Extends the conventional presentation to real gases by the use of the van der Waala' equstion. (40 color) McG-H $8. Halogm. A typical chemical family. Illustrates the physical and chemical properties of the halogen family. Shows occurrence in nature, resemblances and relationships, preparation, and how to test for halogens. (44 h&w) LFS $3.50.
How Steel Is Made. Depicts iron and eteelmaking. (37 color) (Teacher's guide included, and bottled samples of raw materials, iron and steel.) U. S. Steel (Tit.le No. 100). Free. Hydrocarbas. Their structure, properties, and uses, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynea, heneene; saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons; isomers; single, double, and triple covalent bonds. Chemicd activity, sources, properties and uses of selected hydrocarbons. (40 color) McG-H $8. Hydrogen, Ozyga and Water. Laws of gases and liquids described. Shows how oxygen and hydrogen are produced in laboratory. (47 color) SVE $6, Hydrolysis of Salts. Deals with reactions of ions with water, making use of color coding. A pH scale is included where it is useful. Shows how the pH of solutions of salta is influenced by interaction between ions and water. Shows how extent of hydrolysis is related to size, charge, and electron pattern of ions. (40 color) MeG-H $8. I& and Covalmt Bonds. Distinguishes between ionic and oovalent bonds, and different types of covalent honds. Explains behavior of i o n i d l y and covalently hound substances. (49 color) EBF $6. Ionization. Characteristic properties of akdq bases, and salts, including ahnormal raking of the boiling point of a, solvent, ability to conduct electricity when in solution or melted. Properties explained in terms of electron structure of ions. Salt forms, tion; electron transfer in a chemical reaction. Molecular eovdent compounds, formed by electron-pair sharing, contrasted with ionic compounds. (42 b&w) McG-H $6. Iaization and Dzsson'dion in Solution. Significance of electron conduction in solutions. Behavior of soluble ionic and covalent compounds. (49 color) EBF $6. Ionization and Electdusis. Illustrates the importance of ions ~ s diffpnnrebetween hu ion and atom, in cvt rydny life. ~ h o a the valmccn. typva of r.otnpounrla which ioniw, pan ions play i n vhwnit.4 rracthm, and ~ltrtn,ly*i*. (43 t&w) LFS 53.50. Kinetic Molecular Theory, The. Illustrates how scientific theories are developed to explain observations. Development of the kinetic molecular theory. Its relation to Boyle's law, GayLussac's (Charles's) law, and ohanges in state. (59 h&w) McG-H $6. I.uhwotor" Techniwea. Simple, direct illustration of rhr propf r I.%? GI basic ~quipmcnt xnd fundamrnr~lprinriplcs of good laboratory t~rlmiqucs. (43 i,&w) MeG-I1 S6. Laws and Theories. Charles's, Boyle'a, Gay-Lussac's, Avogadro's, Dalton's. (67 b&w) SVE $3.25. Metals. Illustrates the importance of metals. Shows the physical and chemical properties, atomic structure, activity of various metals and valences. (57 h&w) LFS $3.50. Mole Concept, The. A way of counting atoms by weighing them. Introduces the mole as a unit of number and weight. (40 color) EBF $6. Molecules, Atoms, and Simple Reactions. Substances are composed of molecules, and molecules are composed of atoms. Atomic eymbols, molecular formulas, and simple equatione. (49 color) EBF $6. Nitrogen and Its Compounds. Nitrogen fixation. Importance in farming. (62 b&w) SVE 8.25. Nitrogen F i z d n . The need for fixed nitrogen; natural sources, six methods of synthetic nitrogen fixation. The Habeber process in detail, as an example of controlling an equilibrium reaction. The ehange of ammonia. to nitric acid; uses of nitric acid and ammonia. (40 color) M c G H $8. Non-Metals. Illustrates the importance of non-metals. Shows the physical and chemical properties, atomic structure, activity of various non-metals and vt~lencesand how ta tell a non-metal from a. metal. (57 b&w) LFS $3.50. Nuelear Enwgy. The basic principles of nuclear fimion. Application of the Einstein equation. Calculating the amount of energy from the destruction of a given amount of matter. Sources and major uses of nuclear energy. (33 h&w) McG-H $6. Ozygen and Hydrogen. Electrolysis, oxidation, combuetion. Ozone. (63 b&w) SVE $3.25. Packing of Atmns in Crystals. Occurrenee of certain packing arrangements in crystals in terms of radius ratio. Importance of imperfections in determining the properties and growths of era1 crystals. (25 color) EBF $6. Volume 39, Number 7, July 1962
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Periodic Table. Mendeleyev and the first periodic law. The periodic table today. Periodic characteristics of elements related to atomic number. Atomic weight inversions found in the table explained by isotopes. Propertiee of elements related to atomic structure. (50 b&w) McG-H $6. Principles of Chem.istly. Rapid review of the minimum essentials. (7 rolls, 290 frames) VS $2.50 each, $16 per set. Rate of Reactions. Four factors that control rates of reactions (concentration, extent of surface, temperature, and pressure) are illustrated with examples, and are related to LeChatelier's principle. (40 color) McG-H $8. Raw Materials of Steelmaking. A filmstrip intended for junior and senior high school science and social studies clasees. Tells where and how the raw materials of iron and steel are obtained. (Teaching suggestions booklet accompanies it.) (43 color) Amer. I & S Inst. Free. Relative Sizes oj Atoms. Concepts of metallic, van der Waals, and covalent radii in terms of internuclear distances between atoms. (29 color) EBF $6. Relative Siaes of Ions. Concept of ionic siae in terns of the packing8 of spheres of varying sizes. (25 color) EBF $6. Safety in the Laboratoly. Cartoon treatment describing dangers frequently encountered in the chemistry laboratory. (53 b&w) VS $3. Shapes and P~opertiesof Molecules. Interprets polarity, boiling points, aoid-base properties, crystalline packing, and reaction rates and mechanisms in terms of molecular symmetry and electronegativity. (26 color) EBF $6. Simplest Formula of a Compound, The. Mole concept and experimental data are used to determine the simplest formula of a compound. Baaie techniques of analytical chemistry are ahown. (49 color) EBF $6. Stren and S l h p ~ s
