COORDINATION OF SERVICES OF BIOSIS, CAS, E1 Statistical analysis indicated that only 822 of the same articles were covered by BIOSIS, CAS, and Ei, and it was determined that this did not constitute a large enough overlap to warrant additional effort. In the two-way article overlap, the overlap between BIOSIS and CAS is approximately 43,000 and between CAS and Ei approximately 17,500 journal articles. The methodology used to determine the overlap at the journal article level and detailed tabular data have been published in Part l;3Part 2 will be published s 0 0 n . ~ Cost figures for abstracting and indexing an individual article vary so widely that no true figure can be quoted at this time, but it is obvious that we are considering a n overlap of some 50,000 journal articles which is substantial enough to warrant further bilateral investigation. The three services are continuing the study to obtain the information they need for future cooperation to make their publications and services more useful to the information community. Each of the three services has agreed to arrange to finance its contribution to the study. If it becomes neces-
sary, the duration of the study will be extended so as not to place an undue financial burden on any of the participants.
LITERATURE CITED (1) “Science, Government, and Information,” report of the President’s Science Advisory Committee, 52 pp., Jan. 10, 1963. (2) National Academy of Sciences, “Scientific and Technical Communication,”report of the Committee on Scientific and
Technical Communication, Washington, D. C., National Academy of Sciences, 1969. (3) Wood, J. L., Flanagan, Carolyn, and Kennedy, H. E., “Overlap in the Lists of Journals Monitored by BIOSIS, CAS, and Ei,”J.Amer. SOC. Inform. Sci. 2 3 , 3 6 4 (1972). (4) Wood, J. L., Flanagan, Carolyn, and Kennedy, H. E., “Overlap among the Journal Articles Selected for Coverage by BIOSIS, CAS, and Ei,” J. Amer. SOC.Inform. Sci., to be published.
A Cooperative Information Storage and Retrieval System for the Petroleum Industry* SAMUEL J . MARTINEZ Information Services Department, The University of Tulsa. Tulsa. Okla. 741 04 Received J a n u a r y 18, 1973 The Petroleum Abstracts bulletin was first published in January 1 9 6 1 , as a cooperative information storage and retrieval service for the exploration, development, and production segment of the petroleum industry. Information retrieval from retrospective files was first accomplished by an inverted subject card file. In 1 9 6 5 , this system was replaced by controlled-vocabulary, subject indexing. Currently under development is the P A S S direct-access computer system (Petroleum Abstracts Search System) which allows real-time intercommunication with the disk-pack stored data base, through a telephone-linked portable teletype console This system is designed to operate on a Xerox Sigma 6 computer.
The Petroleum Abstracts bulletin and associated Information Storage and Retrieval Services were initiated in January 1961 by a group of petroleum producing companies. Prior to this time, many of these companies had been monitoring the technical literature and abstracting articles and patents pertinent to their specific interests. Such operations were conducted by internal information services departments, usually in close association with the companies’ technical libraries. Recognizing that this practice represented considerable duplication of effort, a group of these companies delegated The University of Tulsa to administer a cooperative abstracting service for the benefit of the exploration and production segment of the petroleum industry. The cost of conducting this service was divided among the various participating companies, each individual contribution being proportional to the company’s capitalization. The operation of the abstracting service was guided by a Subscriber Advisory Board, consist‘Presented before the Division 01 Chemical Literature, 164th Meeting, ACS, Piew York, K.Y., Aug. 27, 1972.
ing of representatives from each of the participants. The purpose of this group was to provide user feedback and to help establish policies and operational guidelines. As a result of this cooperative venture, each company was able to obtain much greater coverage at much lower cost than had proved possible with their previous individual abstracting efforts. A similar abstracting and retrieval service, administered by the American Petroleum Institute, provides parallel coverage for the refining and petrochemical segments of the petroleum industry. The cooperative information services provided by The University of Tulsa have greatly expanded and diversified since 1961.’ The Petroleum Abstracts bulletin itself has expanded from 10,488 abstracts in 1961 to 16,924 abstracts in 1971. Much of this increase may be attributed to expanding technological developments and diversified new fields of interest-such as offshore exploitation methods, environmental pollution, etc. More sophisticated retFieva1 techniques also have been developed to provide faster, more comprehensive searching of the rapidly growing data base. Journal of Chemical Documentation, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1973
59
SAMUEL J. MARTINEZ
stracts. This bulletin is a condensed edition of the Petrol e u m Abstracts bulletin, containing only abstracts of English-language articles and reports. Patents, foreign-language articles, and abstracts taken from secondary sources (appearing in Petroleum Abstracts) are omitted from this "streamlined" edition, which has proved extremely popular for current awareness browsing among field and office personnel.
INFORMATION SERVICES The Petroleum Abstracts bulletin contains summaries of significant technical articles, patents, theses, reports, etc., in the field of petroleum exploration and exploitation. The original documents, received and later stored in the University's Sidney Born Technical Library, are reviewed daily and selections of significant technical items made for abstracting, Items of a purely news or promotional nature are usually omitted. The documents are then summarized by competent abstractors and, after suitable editing, are assembled in bulletin form under the following broad categories: geology, geochemistry, geophysics, drilling, logging, well completion, production, engineering, and transportation. Petroleum Abstracts bulletin is issued weekly, and contains from 150 to 300 abstracts per issue. In format, it is printed four abstracts to a page (each abstract 4 X 512 inches in size) and additional copies are printed on card stock for those who wish to maintain a card file. A typical abstract page is shown in Figure 1. Each abstract title is designed to contain all essential retrieval data, including title, author, affiliation, bibliographic reference, and language (if other than English). The abstract (approximately 150 words in length) follows, together with a small diagram, in the case of patents. All abstracts are numbered sequentially in the upper right-hand corner, providing unique identification for each document during later retrieval procedures. During the last two years, a supplementary bulletin has been published monthly, entitled Selected Petroleum A b GAS PROCESSIXG
RETRIEVAL SERVICES The retrieval aspects of the Petroleum Abstracts service originally consisted of assigning appropriate code numbers (up to a maximum of seven) from a classification system, especially devised to cover the subject area of the abstract comprehensively. At the end of each year, a computergenerated subject index was prepared from these classifications, together with author and patent number indexes. It was thought, however, that the retrieval capabilities of this system were too limited and a committee of industrial representatives cooperatively developed a specialized Exploration and Production Thesaurus, hierarchically structured, and carefully screened to avoid synonyms and ambiguities.* This controlled vocabulary of descriptors or keywords was then used to index all abstracts, starting in January 1965. From 10 to 90 descriptors were assigned, delineating the subject matter of the document, individually, or in combination for coordinate searching. Additional specific, but seldom-used, terms (such as chemicals, company names, and geographic place names) were also
138. 1 7 9
GAS SEPARATOR
138, 180
INSTALLATION FOR SEPARATING GASEOUS MIXTURES-- F r . 2 , 0 2 5 , 2 0 4 . c . Q!4/70, i. 1 2 / 3 / 6 9 (PI. U.S. 1 2 / 4 / 6 8 . Appl. 7 8 1 , 2 0 1 ) ; 3. J. S c h a u l s , a s * . ; ( T r a m C o ) ; A b r t r . , B U L L . O F F I C . P R O P R I E T E I N D . (FR.) v. 11, No. 4 1 , Ft. 2 (No. 321, p 19874. 1 0 / 9 / 7 0 (In F r e n c h )
T H E C O N T R O L O F T H E DEW POINT O F A HYDROCARBONS F R O M GASES WITH CONDENSATE-- 0 . U n g u r e a n u , T r . M a n t u l e s c u and F r . A m a n n ; P E T R O L GAZE v . 2 1 , No. 8 . pp 465-467, Aug. 1 9 7 0 ( I n R o m a n i a n )
I n a g a s c o n d e n s a t e field i n R o m r n i a , s e p a r a t i o n of t h e g a s e o u s and llquld p h a s e s L S a c c o m p l i s h e d at a c e n t r a l s e p a r a t o r stathon. It w a s I m p o s s i b l e , h o w e v e r , t o a s s u r e s ~ n g l e - p h a s econditions ~n t h e gathering l i n e s b e c a u s e , a s c a l c u l a t i o n s s h o w , t h e h e p t a n e s - p l u s c o n t e n t c a u s e 3 a liquid p h a s e t o s e p a r a t e e v e n a t a v e r y m o d e s t d e c r e a s e in t e m p e r a t u r e , since at t h e w e l l h e a d . a n e q u i l i b r i u m between t h e 2 p h a s e s e x i s t s . T h e a b s e n c e o f h y d r o g e n r u l f l d e i n t h e p r o d u c e d fluid h a s m a d e it p o s s i b l e t o d e s i g n and build a n adsorption t y p e d e w - p o i n t r e d u c i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n w h t c h r e m o v e s e s s e n t i a l l y o n l y p a r t of t h e C7+ c o m p o n e n t . s u f f i c i e n t t o r e d u c e t h e d e w - p o i n t , s o t h a t n o liquid p h a s e I S f o r m e d in t h e g a t h e r i n g l i n e s . T h e i n s t a l l a t i o n a l s o s e r v e s t o d e h y d r a t e t h e g a s . T h e i n s t a l l a t i o n h a s functioned r e l l a b l y f a r 5 m o . , and c a n be used a l s o as t h e f i r s t s t a g e in a p r o c e s s f o r d e p r o p a n i e i n g and d e b u t a n i z i n g t h e g a s a t low t e m p e r a t u r e .
T h i s gas-separation Lnstaliation uses r e v e r s i b l e h e a t e x c h a n g e r s . with a reheating s t r e a m t o f a c i l i t a t e t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l and cleaning of t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e r s . A t !east 2 f i l t e r s are provided i n t h e exit gas s t r e a m f r o m t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e r s , s o t h a t cleaning by a p o r t i o n of t h e r e h e a t i n g s t r e a m t a k e s p l a c e a u t o m a t i c a l l y without creating disturbing differential p r e s s u r e s in t h e gas d u r > n g t h e s e p a r a t i o n s t a g e . ( A b s t r a c t only - original not a v a i l a b l e )
i"--
1 MASS T R A N S F E R
138, 181
QUASI-STEADY S T A T E ASSUMPTION FOR MASS TRANSFER T O S P H E R I C A L BINARY BUBBLES OR DROPS-- V . D . D a n g , E . R u c k e n s t e i n and W . N . G i l l ( C l a r k s o n C o l l T e c h n a l ) : CHEM. ENG. (LONDON1 No, 2 4 1 , pp C E 2 4 8 - C E 2 5 1 , CEZ59, Sept. 1970 E x a c t s o l u t i o n s of t h e c o n v e c t i v e diffusion equation far m a s s t r a n s f e r f r o m b i n a r y d i s p e r s e d s p h e r i c a l b u b b l e s o r d r o p s h a v e b e e n o b t a i n e d for continuous p h a s e - c o n t r o l l e d s y s t e m s w i t h high S c h m i d t n u m b e r . T h e a n a l y t i c a l r e s u l t s a r e valid for m o s t values of t h e p a r a m e t e r s of p r a c t i c a l i n t e r e s t for g a s - l i q uid a b s o r p t i o n s y s t e m s . H o w e v e r . f o r liquid-liquid s y s t e m s , t h e a s s u m p t i o n of continuous p h a s e c o n t r o l i s r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e t r a n s f e r of c o m p o n e n t s t h a t a r e r e l a t i v e l y i n s o l u b l e In t h e continuous p h a s e . T h e q u a s i - s t e a d y s t a t e a p p r o a c h i s u s e d a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y for d e s i g n p u r p o s e s a n d , t h e r e f o r e , t h e v a l i d i t y of t h i s a s s u m p t i o n is e x a m i n e d . I t i s found t o b e a c c u r a t e at high R e y n o l d s n u m b e r s , but is r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e t r a n s f e r of r e l a t i v e l y i n s o l u b l e c o m p o n e n t s f o r l o w R e y n o l d s n u m b e r s y s t e m s . ( I 2 refs. )
60
Journal of Chemical Documentation, Vol. 13, No. 2 . 1973
1
I I 1 I 1
I 1 1
1 I
O F F S H O R E PRODUCING
138. 182
HUMBLE O I L ' S BIG PLANS FOR D E E P W A T E R GIANT IN CHANNEL-O I L GAS J. v . 68, No. 49, pp 3 0 - 3 2 , 1 2 / 7 / 7 0 H u m b l e O i l & R e f i n i n g Ca. h a s developed s o m e s u r p r i s i n g new t e c h n i q u e s t o p r o d u c e o i l s a f e l y in 200- t o 2, 0 0 0 4 w a t e r s of S a n t a B a r b a r a C h a n n e l . B e yond t h e f a c t t h a t t h e p l a t f o r m s w i l l s t a n d i n w a t e r n e a r l y twice as d e e p a s t h e i n d u s t r y h a s p e n e t r a t e d so f a r , t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t f e a t u r e of t h e p r o g r a m i s t h e s u b m e r g e d p r o d u c t i o n s y s t e m (SPS). SPS c a l l s f o r group8 of 5 t o 40 w e l l s w h i c h w i l l be d r i l l e d f r o m floating v e s s e l s . c o m p l e t e d on t h e o c e a n bottom (or p o s s i b l y o n s u b m e r g e d p l a t f o r m s in t h e d e e p e r w a t e r s ) , and m a i n t a i n e d t h r o u g h flow-line pumpdown t o o l s c a p a b l e of p e r f o r m i n g a l l w o r k o v e r f u n c t i o n s . T h e s e include p e r f o r a t i n g , c e m e n t i n g , a c i d i z i n g , and p a r a f f i n r e m o v a l . I n a d d i t i o n , a r o b o t - t y p e m a n i p u l a t o r , equipped w i t h t e l e v i s i o n c a m e r a s , w ~ l bl e l o w e r e d t o t h e w e l l - c o m p l e t i o n s t r u c t u r e s and m o v e d a r o u n d a t r a c k to p e r f o r m s u c h d u t i e s a s r e p l a c m g valves and t e s t i n g t h e m - - a l l by r e m o t e control f r o m the surface. Humble h a s been working on deepwater p l a t f o r m d e s i g n for 6 y r and could build a p l a t f o r m i n I , 000 i t of w a t e r . T h i s m a y be done e v e n t u a l l y - - b u t t h e f i r s t one w i l l b e i n 7 0 0 ft of w a t e r and s t a n d 775 f t f r o m t h e ocean floor t o t h e top d e c k . It w i l l c o s t $ 1 5 t o $25 m i l l i o n . weigh 2 0 , 0 0 0 t o n s , and a c c o m m o d a t e 3 d r i l l i n g rigs.
COOPERATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PETROLEUM INDUSTRY used as needed. Such descriptors are not entered into the Thesaurus but are cumulatively merged and periodically issued as a "Supplemental Word List" which is used in conjunction with the Thesaurus in framing search questions. After the abstracts have been indexed, the descriptors are keypunched and computer processed to form a data base from which the .various search tools (indexes, magnetic tapes, etc.) can be generated.3
M A N U A L INDEXES The most popular manual retrieving tool is the Alphabetic Subject Index, originally issued monthly, now published on a bimonthly basis. As the name indicates, this reference contains a tabulation of document titles, crossindexed in multiple listings under the principal assigned descriptors. A sample page is shown in Figure 2. Some of the abstract titles (those listed under what the indexer
WESTERN EUROPE NEUTRON LCGGING.SOME FEATURES O F DUAL-SPACED NEUTRON POROSIJY LOGGING NEUTRON SOURCE*HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTOR FOR A NEUTRON GENERATOR COMPRISING A PLASTIC INSULATOR NUCLEAR LOGGING'RADIOACTIVITY LOGGING APPARATUS HAVING SHIELDED WALL CONTACTING SOURCE A N D DETECTOT VELOCITY LOGGING'CORRELATION O F ELASTIC M O D U L I DYVAMICALLY MEASURE0 BY I.N.SITU A N D LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
___ARTIFICIAL - .......__ LIFT' PREDICTING PLUNGER L I F T PERFORMANCE
WELL PERFORUANCE .. . -. .. ..
161.413 161,416 159.656 161.430 160,834
GAS WELL TESTING*USE O F THE METHOD O F SUPERPUSITION FOR JESTING NATURAL GAS SOUNDS OIL SATURATION*DEJERMINATION O F RESIDUAL OIL SATURATIOh AFTER WATERFLOODING WELL SAMPLING*TOOL TO DETERMINE QUANTITY OF OIL WELL STIMULATION'STIMULATING PRODL'CING WELLS WITH CHROMIC ACID WELL TESTING'BACK-PRESSLXE TESTING O F GAS WELLS WELL PLUGGING SELECTIVE PLUGGING'SELECTIVE PLUGGING MEJHOD
159.682 159.705 160,333 159,674 161,258 161,454 160.838 160.790 160,635
WELL PUMPING UNIT*PU.WPING JACK WELL PUMPING PUMPING WEL L ANALYSIS 'ANALYTICAL MFTHnn *DYNAMOMETER CARD DATA ANALYSIS DIGITAL COMPUTER
__
160,362 160 381 161 257
-
* n h T A wrnmiwc
*YESTING--
DATA PRESENTATION INTERPRETATION 161,460 161.249 160,381 161,475 iRlSTlC 160.381
BEAM PUMPING'DESIGNED BEAM PUMPING BEAM PUMPING*MEJHODS FOR IMPROVED L'JILIZATION OF BEAM PUMPING UNITS HYDRAULIC WELL ?UMP'OOWHOLE PLMP ASSEMBLY HAVING ENGINES SPACED APART B Y A PRODUCTION PUMP HYDRAULIC WELL PUMP'FLUID OPERA TED PUMP ASSEMBLY WITH TANDEM ENGINES WELL SAMPLING JOOL TO DETERMINE QUANTITY OF OIL 'FLUID SAMPLER 'WATER OIL RATIO 'WELL FLUID 'WELL PERFORMANCE CONTROL VALVE DATA RECORDING ELECTRIC MOTOR .REMOTE CONTROL VALVE ACTUATOR FLUID SAMPLER. FOR M A TION.SAMPLING APPARA TUS WATERFLOOD SUSCEPTlBlLITY*CONTROL O F WATER SOLUBILIZATION IN MICELLAR SOLCJIONS WELL SERVICING JUNK REMOVAL*COMBINATION WELL CLEAN-OUT TOOL A N D JAR WELL snwnNG EXPLOSIVE WELL STIMULATION *CASE HISTORY *FRACTURE EXTENSION 'Ll UID EXPLOSIVE *WELL STIMULATION EXSLOSiON FRACTURE (ROCK) PAYOUT .PRODUCINGCAPACITY WELL COMPLETION MEJHOD O F PRODUCING PAR JICLES O F ROCK I N A SL'BJERRANEAN SITUS *FRACTURE EXTENSION *LIQUID EXPLOS!VE *MOBILITY RATIO *SELECTIVE INJECTION CONTROL .MOBILITY SELECTIVITY SLURRY .VISCOSITY FORMATION PLUGGING*METHOD OF TREATING PERMEABLE FOR M A TIONS NUCLEAR BLAST*,VbCLEAR EXPLOSIVES A Y D HYDROCARBONS WELL SPAMNG GAS WELL CAPAC1TY"EFFECTS O F DRAINAGE SHAPE A N D WELL LOCATION ON STABILIZED GAS DELIVERABILITY CALCL?LAJIOVS SOUR GAS*ON THE PRODL'CT1O.N O F HYDROOEN SULFIDE. SULFUR MIXTURE FROM DEEP FORMATIONS WELL STIMULATION A N E W METHOD OF INCREASING THE DEPJH O F ACID TREATMENTS IN WATER INJECTION WELL FORMATIONS *ACIDIZING 'INJECTION WELL *PENETRATION DI:PTH *WATER INJECTION FIELD DATA LIQUID VISCOSITY THICKENER .VISCOUS WATER .WATER THICKENING CHEMICAL STIMULATION THEORETICAL A N D EXPERIMENTAL STUDY O F CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA DESCRIBING HYDROFLUORIC EJCHING ON A CLAYEY SANDSTONE *ACIDIZING 'ARGILLACEOUS SANDSTONE 'COMPLEX FORMATION *SILICA MINERAL
160 838 160.839 160.364 160,365 160,333
160 323 159,730 160 341 161.228
160,351
161,617 161,444
160.647 160,641 159.919
161,457
CLAY .COMPUTER PROGRAMING HYDROFLUORIC ACID SILICA SOLUBILITY CHROMIC ACID INJECTION FOR WELL STIMULATION 'HYDROCARBON COMPOUND *RELATIVE PERMEABILITY *SAND GRAIN 'WETTING AGENT CHROMIC ACID INJECTION WELL INJECTIVITY WATERFLOODING INCREASING THE INJECJIYITY INDEX A N D PRODUCTIVITY INDEX O F WELL5 'COLLOIDAL DISPERSION *INJECTIVITY 'PRODUCTIVIN INDEX .SOLUBLE OIL .BUFFER (CHEMICAL) .CHEMICAL INJECTION DISPLACEMENT .MICELLE MOBILITY RATIO STIMULATING PRODUCING WELLS WITH CHROMIC A C I D 'PRODUCING CAPACITY 'PROOUCTIVITY 'PRODUCTIVITY INDEX *WELL PERFORMANCE AClDlZlNG CHROMIC ACID HYDROCARBON COMPOUND OIL WETTABlLlTY POROSITY (ROCK) FERRIC ION CORROSION.SY.YERGISTlC INHIBITION O F FERRIC I O N CORROSION DURING CHEMICAL CLEANING O F METAL SURFACES FRACTURE EXTENSION'FRACTURING A N D SCA VENGING FORMATIONS WITH FLUIDS CONTAINING LIQUEFIABLE GASES A N D ACIDIZING AGENTS FRACTURING*GAS FRAC-A NEW STIMULATION TECHNIQUE USING LIQUID GASES NUCLEAR BLAST*RIO BLANCO GAS STIMULATION PROJECT, RIO BLANCO COLNJY. COLORADO NUCLEAR BLAST. WAGON WHEEL GAS STIMULATION PROJECT SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING WELL SHWTING*EXPLOSIVE WELL STIMULATION WELL SURVEY E UIPMENT iNCLiNOMET9.A NEW BORE-HOLE INCLINOMETER WELL TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRIUM BORE HOLE TEMPERATURES FROM OBSERVATION OF THERMAL TRANSIENTS DURING DRILLING 'GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT 'HEAT TRANSFER *NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 'SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE DEEP DRILLING E UlLlBRlUM .FIELD TESTING MLRiNG TEMPERATURE LOGGING WELL TESTING BACK-PRESSURE TESTING O F GAS WELLS *BACK PRESSURE 'GAS WELL 'GAS WELL CAPACITY *WELL PERFORMANCE DATA RECORDING OELIVERABILIW GAS PRODUCING .RECOVERY FACTOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTIC BOTTOM HOLE CHOKE'SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE HYDRAULIC WELL PUMP*A UNIJIZED. 0NE.WELL HYDRAULIC PUMPING SYSTEM OIL PRODUCING'MONITOR1,VG YOUR EQUIPMENT A V D PRODUCTION OIL SATURATION'DETERMINATION O F RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION AFTER WATERFLOODING OIL SATURATION*DETERMlNAJION O F THE RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION IN TWO A U X VASES SANDSTONE RESERVOIRS OIL SATURATION*SINGLE.WELL TRACER METHOD TO MEASURE RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION WELL TOOL PUMPWWN TCOL'JAR STROKE ACCELERA TOR FOR PUMPDOWN WELL TOOL SHOCK ABSORBER'EXPENDABLE SHOCK ABSORBER WELL WORKOVER FORMATION EVALUATION.37 WAY5 TO IMPROVE YOUR WELL COMPLETIONS OFFSHORE PRODUCING' WORKOVER OPERA7IONS SPARK OFFSHORE PRODUCTION ACJIVITY WATER POLLUTION*AGGLOMERATED POROUS MASS AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME WEST AFRICA SPORE-POLLEN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS O F MALI-NIGERIAN SYNECLISE (S.SAHARAJ 'CRETACEOUS *MALI *NIGER *PALYNOLOGY *SAHARA AREA .DISTRIBUTION GEOLOGIC RANGE OUTCROP STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION SUBSURFACE GONDWANALAND'NON-MARINE CRETACEOUS OSTRACODS A N D THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE HYPOTHESIS OF 'WNDWANALAND WEST VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA'S NEWBURG SILURIAY SAND CONTINUES TO BE THE STATES BIG TARGET 'OIL AND GAS ENTRAPMENT 'SILURIAN *STRATIGRAPHY *WILLIAMSPORT SANDSTONE GAS FIELD .GAS RECOVERY GAS RESERVOIR POROSITY (ROCK) SANDSTONE RESERVOIR APPALACHIAN AREA'PALEOENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THE HELDERBERG GROUP O F WESJ VIRGINIA A N D VIRGINIA WESTERN AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA'THE R A N K I V JREND NORTHWEST SHELF, WESTERN AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA'THE TECTONIC ELEMENTS O F THE PERTH BASIN WESTERN EUROPE l R A C E ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION IN REEF A V D SUBREEF ROCKS O F JURASSIC AGE IN BRITAIV A V D SWITZERLAND *ENGLAND *JURASSIC 'REEF *SWITZERLAND *TRACE ANALYSIS CHEMICAL CORRELATION DIAGENESIS REGRESSION ANALYSIS SPECTRAL ANALYSIS TRACE ELEMENT RATIO WIDENING GEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES O N THE NORTHWEST EUROPE SHELF *CONTINENTAL SHELF 'EXPLORATORY DRILLING *NORTH SEA AREA *OIL AND GAS ENTRAPMEN1 BASIN PERMEABILIN (ROCK) POROSITY (ROCK) ROTLIEGENDE SERlES ZECHSTEIN SERIES PALEOMAGNETISM*A PATTERM OF RL'PTURE O F THE EASTERN
159.673
159,672
159,674
160 338 159,663 160,623 159912 159,913 161.228 159,904 159,651
161.258
160.353 160,845 161.244 159,705 159,708 159.706 159.666 160,347
159909 160 369 160,436 160,540
159,786 160,760
160.443 160,459 160.46I 159,602
161 164
Figure 2. Typical page fiom Alphabetic Subject Index Journal of Chemical Documentation, Vol 13, No 2 , 1973
*
61
SAMUEL J. MARTINEZ
AUTHOR INDEX
BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION 159,648
A N ASSESSMENT OF E X I S T I N GS U B M A R I N E SOIL STRENGTH TESTING TECHNIQL'ES I N T UNESCO ET A L ENG PROPERTIES OF SEA FLOOR SOILS GEOPHYS IDENTIFICATION SYMP PROC PP 49.74, 1971
159.649
(SOIL (EARTH)) EFFECT ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS OF SIMULTANEOUS FRICTIONAL WEAR WERKSTOFFE KORROSION V 23, N O 2, PP 87-94, FEB 1972
159,650
(STRESS CORROSION) STRUCTURAL SAFETY--A LITERA TL'RE REVIEW J STRUCT DIV AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PROC V 98, N O ST4,
( I N GERMAN)
PP 845.884. APRIL 1972
159.651
(STRL'CTURAL ENGIVEERING) EQUILIBRIUM BORE HOLE TEMPERATURES FROM OBSERVATION OF THERMAL TRANSIENTS DURING DRILLING
EARTH PLANETARY SCI LETT V 14. N O 1. PP 47.49, FEB
1972
159,652
%ELL T E M P E R A T U R E ) WEIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM U S 3,648,783, C 3/14/72. F 4 / 1 7 / 7 0 ; A U T O M A T I C DRLG M A C H INC
159,653
(WEIGHT CONTROL) SOME ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS lh WELL LOGGING PRACTICE ACTA GEOPHYS POL V 19, N O 4 , PP 423.433. 1971 I I N POI ISH)
159,654
ib1GifA-L RECORDING) QL'ADRUPOLE LOGGING I N THE HOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ROCK MEDIUM ACTA GEOPHYS POL V (IN POLISH)
159,655
19. NO 4.
PP 405.422. 1971
1ELECTRIC LOGGING) CALCII'LATION OF THEORETICAL CURVES OBTAINED BY USIYG DOL'BLE COIL INDUCTION LOGGING PROBES IN hONUYIFORM
-
C. T. R.A.T. A. IZV VYSSH U C H E B ZAVEDENll GEOL RAZVEDKA N O 11. PP 105.110. NOV 1971 (IN RUSSIAN)
159.656
159,657
(INDUCT1ON LOGGING) RADIOACTIVITY LOGGING APPARATUS HAVING SHIELDED W A L L COhTACTING SOURCE A N D DETECTOR U S 3,648,515, C 3 / 1 4 / 7 2 , F 10/29/69. DRESSER I N D l l S T R l F S INC W L T L E A X LOGGING) APPLICATION OF PULSED NELTRON CAPTL'RE LOGS TO THE DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL OIL SPE OF A l M E M I D C O N T I N E N T SECT IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY SYMP PREPRINT N O SPE-3796, PP 247.262, 1972
159,658
AARON, J M I l l ABBOTT. 0 R YA R ABDULLAEV. ABDULMANOV, AElC Y IG ""_, ABOTT, P A ABRAMS, A ACARCGLU, E R ACASTER, S M ACHAUER, J M ADAMS, E D ADAMS, ADAMS. JR M ,I
ADAWY, N ADDICOTT, W 0 ADIE, R J ADKINS. i E ADLARD. E R AGAPITOV. AFONINA. NDMI AGNEW i AGNEW, H DJ AHLSTONE, A G AHLSTONE A G AHMAD F AHMED. S S AHN, W S ALDRICH T C ALEXANDER C V ALEXANDER. 0 D ALGER. R P ALI ZADE, A A A G ALIEV, E S ALIEVA. G A ALLAN. T A ALLARD. P J M T ALLARY. A ALLAUD. L ALLEN A A ALLEN, J C ALLEN, L S ALLEN R J ALLIQUANDER. 0 ALONX). i R F ALTERMANN, J ALTSHUL. E A ALVAREZ. W AMBROSE, J R AMEY. H B JR AMOS. A J ANDERS, E ANDERSON, C E ANDERSON, F R ANDERSON, G W ANDERSON, 0 L ANDERSON, R A ANDERSON, R A
160.508 161.653 159.908 159.626 161.353 160.794 159,724 159,662 161.580 161.277 160,689 161.619 161,158 161,128 160,440 159.748 159,666 161,313 159.655 160,759 160.395 160,681 160 060 160,335 159,789 160,256 I60 872 160,277 160,190 160,836 161,415 160,055 160.055 160.776 161,249 160.079 161.536 160.332 161.681 160.966 161 413 160,454 159 930 161.624 161,200 159.626 160 230 160.898 16 1,608 159,819 161 559 161.020 161,004 160,799 161,186 161,007 160.190
(OIL SATURATION) DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL OIL USING THE NUCLEAR MAGNETISM LOG SPE OF A l M E M I D C O N T I N E N T SECT IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY SYMP PREPRINT N O SPE.3797, PP 263.280, 1972
159,659
(OIL SATLiRATI0.N) SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SELF POTENTIAL IN A N INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR THE INVADED ZONE IZV VYSSH U C H E B ZAVEDENll GEOL RAZVEDKA N O 11. PP 118.123. NOV 1971 (IN RUSSIAN)
159,660 159.661
159,662
(SELF POTENTlAL LOGGING) SHRINKAGE COMPENSATING CEMENT U S 3,649,317, C 3/14/72, F 11/12/70: FULLER CO (CEMENT ADDITIVE) WELL BORE CIRCULATING TOOL INCLUDING POSITIONING METHOD BY CASING ANNULUS FLUID STRETCHING TUBING STRING U S 3,648,777, C 3/14/72, F 4 / 4 / 6 9 (CIRCULATING EQUIPMENT) FRICTION FACTORS IN SOLID MATERIAL LADEN SYSTEMS J H Y D R A U L DIV AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PROC V 98. N O HY4, PP 681.699, APRIL 1972
159,663
159,664
(COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION) FRACTURING A N D SCAVENGING FORMATIONS WITH FLUIDS CONTAINING LIQUEFIABLE GASES A N D ACIDIZING AGENTS U S 3,640,344, C 2 / 8 / 7 2 . F 1 2 / 2 / 6 8 (FRACTURE EXTENSION) ELECTRO-HYDRA L'LICALLY CONTROLLED PERFORATOR U S 3,648,785. C 3/14/72, F 5 / 1 3 / 7 0 ; DRESSER INDUSTRIES I N C
159,665
(PERFORA TED COMPLETION) EXTRA HIGH EARLY-STRENGTH PORTLAND CEMENT U S 3.649.316, C 3/14/72. F 7 / 1 5 / 6 9 , PR JAPAN 7/20/68; ONODA CEMENT CO L T D
159,666
(PORTLAND CEMENT) JAR STROKE ACCELERATOR FOR PUMPDOWN WELL TOOL U S 3.642.069. C 2/15/72, F 9/28/70: OTIS ENGINEERING COAP
159,667
159,668
159,669
lPtiMPDOWN TOOL) STATlCU~N~.4XIALDEFORMATlON OF I5 ROCKS TO 30 KB INT J ROCK MECH M I N I N G SCI V 9. N O 2, P P 271.288. M A R C H 1972 (ROCK DEFORMATION) THE CONTROLLED FAILURE OF ROCK DISCS A N D RINGS LOADED IN DIAMETRAL COMPRESSION I N T J ROCK M E C H M I N I N G SCI V 9, N O 2, PP 241.248, M A R C H 1972 (ROCK FAILURE) USE OF POLYMERS TO CONTROL WATER PRODUCTION IN OIL
159.670
PATENT INDEX UNITED STATES RE 27,316 RE 27,330 RE 27,340 3.543.848 3,559,163 3.571.595 3,593,788 3,605,674 3 612,608 3.612277 3,615,794 3.630.283 3,638,177 3,639,233 3.640.344 3,640,826 3,641,819 3,642,065 3642.069 8,642,078 8,642,448 3.643.736 3,644,194 3,644,882
3.648.434 3,648.463 3,648,468
3,648.513 3,648,515 3.648.517 3,648,518 3,648,638 3,648,642 3,648,713 3,648,719 3,648,769 3,648,770 3,648,771 3,648,772 3,648,773 3,648.774 3.648.775 3,648,776 3,648,777 3,648,783 3,648,785 3,648,786 3,648,787 3,648,788 3,648,858 3,649,190 3,649,201 3,649,316 3,649.317
Figure 3. Excerpts from appendices in Alplhabetic Subjcret Index
62 Journal of Chemical Documentation, Vol. 13. No. 2, 1973
160,150 160,882 161.088 160,361 160.329 160,328 160,388 160.782 161.062 160.325 160.348 160,351 159 625 160,301 159,663 159.630 159.954 160.625 159,666 160,123 159,927 160,124 160.394 159,628 160,125 159.742 159.736 159,740 159,656 159.734 159.732 159.632 160,126 159,739 159,932 159,670 159,730 159,717 159.698 159.699 159.672 159.673 159,674 159,661 159.652 159.664 160.587 160.588 159.635 159,637 159,928 159.599 159,665 159,660
COOPERATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PETROLEUM INDUSTRY considered the primary, or most important, descriptor) are followed by a listing of secondary descriptors. This serves as an additional indication to the searcher of the document's contents. Secondary listings of this particular abstract (appearing elsewhere in the index under the secondary descriptors) do not carry this descriptor listing but instead, the title is preceded by the primary descriptor under which this listing may be found. Further information on items of interest can be obtained by referring to the abstradt or to the original document itself. Bibliographic information, names of authors and inventors, and patent numbers by country are also tabulated in separate sections of the Alphabetic Subject Index, as shown in Figure 3. The December issue of this index is a cumulative issue, containing all of the information ap-
pearing in the previous bimonthly issues. This annual issue serves as an index for the entire year, making it unnecessary to check through all of the individual bimonthly issues when performing a search. The Alphabetic Subject Index is generated entirely by computer, the output of which is in page form, ready for offset printing. This past year, in place of the usual computer printout, the Alphabetic Subject Index pages have been photocomposed directly. from CRT images, the availability of bold-face and italic characters greatly improving the readability of the printed index. Another manual search tool is the Dual Dictionary Coordinate Index. This is an inverted index in which each descriptor is followed by a tabulation of the abstract numbers to which the descriptor is pertinent, as shown in Fig-
OIL SOLUBILITY 181
OIL
S T A T E S RUBBER C O
OIL T R E A T I N O ( F I E L D ) 139)
811 WASTE 11631
U!L
,144,134 0141,690 *1431170 *14419qO 1145,630 -145,910
e 140,061
lbll682 *140,731 *lb4,19? *141IU41 11441972 .143#471 e
0139,650 *199r660 140,110 -14lr443 -1421120 *142,790 *1h21910 -142~920 0 1428 9 3 0 -141,560
a1390331 *1191611 * 139r 651 ,1391 661 *1431501 *1418161 ~1411171 li42reni *14219?1 I 1421931
8
*l41,683 161,096 i l 4 5 r 6 1 3 -196,874 ,146,193 ,1468953
.
I
a 0 138#7@5 1140,44¶ 114b1645 -1451255 *145r619 *I401195
,139,566 *1*0,43b r141,09b *142rJbb -145r61b -146,876
*13%OU7 *1401047 r14?10*7 -1USr617
*
* 139,048
,1381569 *l 41D 669 , 1 4 5 8 629 ,1461 1P9
. *
* 13R1643
* 139r613
.
139r623 140,021 il43,523 144477q 1451~91 1451315 1458515 145#73¶ 145,995 146,255 146#?65 146,555
1b ? , 9 2 9 1143,249 *144,039 t 144,029 ,144,369 11 4 4 , 3 7 9 I 194,729 145,069 *1458309 145,729 $145,739 1 45, 9 9 9 * 196,269
YATER C O N T A C T 119)
* 139r34,F ,138,643 s 1381 64U ,139,623 119, 624 * 1 4 l r 1 6 2 a 1 4 0 1 0 2 3 .141,164 I14116R? 141r16'1 141I 794 II l r l r 7 O P Il b l r 6 8 3 141,794 ill?r122 el4lr793 145, 734 -ir?,ri? 1 i 4 2 r ~ 5 3 I146,254 * 144) 192 *1424R93 14hrP64 ~ 1 4 4 r 3 5 P ,1458233 146,874 *144164? ~145,313 ,145,733
* 1398579 *140r079 *14015?9 0 1428 Y19
s 1bnr 192
* 14?*9 2 s
*1b?r?49 ,1441 3 7 9 -145,309 ,1451629 * 14517?9 - 14 0 1 1 8 9
* 145,309 145,629 *146,1P9
I 143r 192 -119r623 I 13R1 h 4 4 * 1 4 4 r 3 5 ? * 1 4 1 * 7 9 3 -141,164 * 1 4 4 # 9 7 ? ,142,851 1112.774 ,145r033 145,734 * 1451613 -14hrP64 , 1 4 5 1 7 3 3 ,146,874
OIL WETTABILITY
* 139,572 ,146,322 -144r442
* 1381 773 - 1 4 l r b Y 4 . 1 3 9 1 0 5 3 .142,044 - 1 4 0 r 0 4 3 1 143,914 1421 0 7 3 - 1 4 4 r ? l 4 *143#303 145,634 n 145,914 146,214
,146,912
- 1 4 0 ~ 0 4 3 *140,044
*198a 799 *139,099 143,009 01438 1 4 9
UISH! FM tfKHOTSK 6 4 S l v
..125,-95
BKWOTSK SEA
.14lr950
*l44,501
YKIY4W4
*145r130
I
1111
ISL4ND
I
1 1 4 5 1 0 ~ 7elU5r098
I
e 1438363 *143r413
I
lY3r364
* 1 4 1 8 5 3 5 * 1 4 3 r 3 2 6 * 1 4 3 r 3 ? 7 1 b 7 r ??8 *I438325 .1*1,478
I
143,439
I
386
Figure 4 Typical page from Dual Dctionary Coordinate lndex Journal of Chemical Documentation, Vol 13, No 2,1973
63
SAMUEL J. MARTINEZ ENTER F I R S T DESCRIPTOR : COMPUTER F N D - 385 E N T E R CONNO + DESCRIP. :OR DATA PROCESSING F N D = 786 GRP: 958 1 ENTER CONN* + D E S C R I P -
Exploration and Production Thesaurus, and the Supplemental List. These are combined in logical relationship, to form a search question. Three types of association are possible:
:.
AND-multiple descriptors, all of which must be present to satisy search requirements OR -alternate descriptors or groups of descriptors, any one of which is acceptable NOT-the presence of such descriptors eliminates the abstract from consideration
ENTER FIRST DESCRIPTOR : GEOLOGY F N D - 3 23 0 E N T E R CONN* + D E S C R I P . :NOT STRA T I GRAPHY
FNO-1923 GRP.1319
2
E N T E R CONNO + D E S C R I P * :END 99 DOCUMENTS F O U N D C0MMAND:PR E N T E R N O * T O PRINTI0020
122245 124662 125601 126010
122343 124720 125696 126389
122452 125219 125880 126417
124370 125359 125982 126488
124439 125580 125986 126521
C0MMAhD:PT E N T E R N O * TO PRINT:0005 E N T E R MODE:2
122452 OSTRACODES AS OUATERNARY P A L E O E C O L O G I C A L I N D I C A T O R S C A N J E A R T H S C I V 6 NO 6 P F 1471-1476 DEC 1969
124370 P R E L I M I N A R Y E V A L U A T I O N OF A CORE S C I N T I L L A T I O N C O U N T E R FOR B U L K D E N S I T Y M E A S U R E M E N T S I N M A R I N E S E D I M E N T CORES J S E D l M E h i T P E T R O L O G Y V 39 NO 4 P P 1509-1519 DEC
1969 124439 C A R B O H Y D R A T E S I N B O T T O M S E D I M E N T S OF THE K U R I L K A H C H A T K A TRENCH OCEANOLOGY ACAD S C I U S S R E N G L E D V 9 NO 2 P P
203-207 1969
Figure 5. Typical computer search printout
ure 4. This includes listings under appropriate broader terms, autoposted by the computer. The Dual Dictionary is issued twice a year, in microfilm form, the December issue being cumulative for the year. This index can be searched by standard coordination techniques, using two or more appropriate descriptors and cross-checking to find abstract numbers common to each of the descriptors. In this manner, greater specificity of searching can be achieved. COMPUTER SEARCHING
In addition to the manual searching indexes, a Master Record magnetic tape is prepared periodically for computer searching. This tape contains titles, authors, bibliographic data, and pertinent descriptors for each abstract, including company affiliations, category (general subject classification), aspect (article, patent, reports, etc.), and language. This tape is issued in several different formats to match the operating requirements of the users’ specific computers. Under current development is the PASS (Petroleum Abstracts Search System) which is an interactive search routine that greatly facilitates computer searching. As the search progresses, the questioner is kept informed of the number of pertinent references in the file, singly and in combination, and can modify his search question immediately if he is not obtaining the information he desires. In conducting a search, the user first translates his search question into suitable descriptors, chosen from the 64
Journal of Chemical Documentation,Vol. 13.No. 2,1973
Once the question has been framed, it is entered into the computer via a keyboard console, one descriptor a t a time. The first term is searched and the numerical result is reported. The second term is then entered and reported. The total number of abstracts pertinent to the combination is also reported. The figure increases or decreases with each new descriptor, depending upon the relationship of the descriptors, as indicated above. The searcher can obtain printouts of individual groups of abstract numbers at any time without interrupting the search. When all descriptors are entered, the search is terminated and the final tabulation of responsive references printed out. Normally, this consists of a list of abstract numbers, but other information available on the Master Record tape (titles, bibliographic information) may also be called for. A typical search, to retrieve all articles published in 1970 concerning the use of computers in geology (excluding stratigraphy), is shown in Figure 5. The question is first converted into descriptors, as follows: (COMPUTER or DATA PROCESSING) plus (GEOLOGY not STRATIGRAPHY) At each step of the search, the number of citations in the file is given, singly and in combination. At the end, 99 references are cited as fulfilling the search conditions. In the example shown, 20 of these are printed out as abstract number citations, and 3 as complete title and bibliographic citations. This search system has been developed using a Xerox Sigma-6 computer, with FORTRAN IV l a n g ~ a g eAnoth.~ er convenience has been the portable remote terminal, which can be tied into the main computer by simple telephone connection. At the present time, this system is still restricted in operation, owing to limitations in computer storage capacity (48K). As a result, each year’s data file must be searched separately. The entire data file (1965 to present) will require approximately one complete diskpack for storage, and as soon as it becomes available, the PASS facility will be made available to participating companies.
CONCLUSIONS
The Petroleum Abstracts system has provided prompt, thorough coverage of technological developments in the fields of petroleum exploration, development and production, to members of the petroleum industry.j Replacing multiple individual, overlapping company systems has made possible more comprehensive coverage of the technical literature, a t a greatly reduced cost t o each of the participants. The petroleum industry has greatly benefitted by its access to required technical information, made available by this cooperative information storage and retrieval system.
LITERATURE CITED (1) Martinez, S. J., “An Information System for Petroleum Engineering Technology,” IEEE Trans. Eng. Writing Speech EWS-13 (2), 60-4 (Sept. 1970).
PLANNING AND DEVELOPING REFERENCE DATA PROGRAMS ( 2 ) Martinez, S. J . , and Helander, D. P., “The Development and Maintenance of a Specialized, Controlled Vocabulary Thesaurus,”Proc. Amer. SOC.Inform. Sci. 5 , 279-83 (1968).
(3) Martinez, S. J . , Anis, .M., Buthod, P., and Helander, D. P., “Machine Generation of Information Retrieval Indexes,” Proc. 6thAnnu. Inform. Retr. Colloq., 6, 51-65 (1969).
(4) Bailey, John A,, “An Interactive Literature Search System for the XDS Sigma Series Computers,” Presented at the 18th Internat. X D S Users Group Mtg., Cherry Hill, N.J . , May 18, 1972. ( 5 ) Sturdivant, Clarence A,, “Use of Commercially Available Machine-Readable Bibliographic Files in Petroleum Research,”Proc. Amer. SOC. Inform. Sci. 8, 125-7 (1971).
Public/Private Cooperation in Planning and Developing Reference Data Programs * STEPHEN A . ROSSMASSLER Office of Standard Reference Data, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 20234 Received Januarv 18. 1 9 7 3
The National Standard Reference Data System relies heavily on the advice of experts in special subject-areas of science and technology to plan and develop programs for compilation and evaluation of quantitative data. Advisory panels provide a means of bringing together generators and evaluators of data to define needs, recommend specific projects, determine priorities, and coordinate n e w activities with those already in process. Such advisory panels are the natural basis for the development of cooperative programs, not only for data compilation and evaluation, but also for improvement in the quality of original experimental work, standardization of techniques, and agreement on formats for the presentation of, e.g., spectroscopic data. While such panels are sponsored by the Federal Government, the panel membership includes people from universities, private industry, professional societies, and consultant organizations. The cooperative nature of the undertakings fosters attention to user needs and public benefits.
In a symposium concerned with cooperative efforts, it is highly appropriate t o give some consideration to those kinds of cooperation which cross the interface between the public and the private sectors. In so many of the relationships between Government agencies and private individuals or groups, there exists a one-way-only action. For example, Government may take things (via taxes, the draft, etc), or provide them (roads, flood relief); it may buy (through contracts or cash purchase); or sell (books from the Government Printing Office). In more sophisticated relationships, Government agencies call upon individuals or groups to give advice which the agency may then unilaterally follow or modify. But this also is a one-way-at-atime activity-the advice is requested, then it is given, and then follow-up action may be taken. What I intend t o describe is a truly two-way relationship in which public and private parties work together actively toward a commonly defined set of goals. This type of relationship can, and does, lead to situations in which everyone benefits. BACKGROUND
To provide a background for this discussion of cooperative activities, it may be worthwhile to spend a few minutes describing the National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS), its mission, its scope, and its organiza* Presented before the Division of Chemxal Llterature, 164th Meeting, ACS, New York h Y Aug 27. 1972
tional approaches. This description will be brief, since details have been presented a t an earlier symposium sponsored by this and written descriptions are readily available in many publication^.^-^ The primary mission of the NSRDS is the provision of reliable, critically evaluated, numerical data in the physical sciences, in a convenient and accessible form for the use of the scientific and technical community. The technical scope of the program is restricted to well-defined physical and chemical properties of substances and systems which are well characterized. The organizational approach utilized in seeking the goals of the NSRDS is a decentralized activity comprising many projects, with coordination furnished by a program office (the Of€ice of Standard Reference Data, OSRD) in the National Bureau of Standards. The scope of the NSRDS, encompassing all of the physical sciences, is too broad to permit any small group of people to be knowledgeable and expert in either operating all of the projects or in managing the program as a whole. Moreover, the program is both government-wide in that it includes many agencies of the Federal government, and national in the sense that it seeks to improve the capabilities of all segments of the country’s science and technology to perform their defined tasks effectively. Not only is the technical scope too broad to permit expert operation by any small group, but also the diverse uses and needs for standard reference data are too varied and wide ranging for full appreciation by the central program office alone. Accordingly, it is essential that the OSRD obtain a great deal of advice of many different kinds. Journal of Chemical Documentation. Vol 13, No 2, 1973
65
