contents
http://pubs.acs.org/ac ISSN 0003-2700
November 1, 2001 / Vol. 73, No. 21
features Ranking Analytical Chemistry by Country. Researchers in the United Kingdom have conducted what is believed to be the first-ever survey of “innovation” in the analytical sciences. Maria Burke reports some surprising findings.
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Spotlighting Separations: Pushing Chromatography Further 598 A
COVER STORY 608 A
COVER STORY 618 A
COVER STORY
Zirconia Stationary Phases for Extreme Separations. Modified silica has proven to be a versatile stationary phase for Doing more with chromatography. 598 A, 608 A, 618 A reversed-phase LC separations, as long as the pH remains below ~8 and the temperatures aren’t too high. But why limit separations to certain ranges? Christopher Dunlap at Saint Mary’s College, Clayton McNeff and Dwight Stoll at ZirChrom Separations, and Peter Carr at the University of Minnesota demonstrate how zirconia-based columns successfully and reproducibly handle separations at high temperatures and extreme pHs. Nonlinear Effects in LC and Chiral LC. Nonlinear chromatographic effects are ubiquitous. Most chromatographers just want to minimize these effects, but Torgny Fornstedt at the University of Uppsala (Sweden) and Georges Guiochon with the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory show that understanding nonlinear effects can be a useful way to accurately study retention mechanisms, which, in turn, can improve separations. Decoding Complex Multicomponent Chromatograms. A complex chromatogram with overlapping peaks is the chromatographer’s nightmare. One way to sleep better is to use a statistical method that unravels the chromatogram. Attila Felinger at the University of Veszprém (Hungary) and Maria Chiara Pietrogrande at the University of Ferrara (Italy) present different approaches for decoding complex chromatograms, including a new technique using Fourier analysis and a simple graphical method.
news 583 A
Revealing patterns. 584 A
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A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y / N O V E M B E R 1 , 2 0 0 1
Analytical Currents Molecules walk the nanowire. a Little bits make color. a Deuteriums in unexpected places. a EFM’s revealing look. a Silver yields detection gold mine. a Isotope-edited Raman. a New self-assembled 3-D arrays. a Prism puts fluorescence microscopy in spotlight. a The potential of lab-on-a-chip. a “Smelling” salts.
contents
Neuropeptide detector.
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Research Profiles An unfolding protein tale. A story about protein conformer dynamics. a Elusive membrane proteins: The next chapter. The first complete MS mapping of a recombinant integral membrane protein. a Researchers brainstorm new microdialysis method. Measuring neuropeptides in vivo. a MS for carbohydrates. Glycosylation patterns and structural information, too.
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Government and Society Advancing chemical sciences in developing countries.
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People Yates chosen as new associate editor. a 2002–2003 DAC officers. a Sabbatical and postdoctoral opportunities.
COURTESY OF ANTONIO GARCIA
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AFM thrives. 627 A
departments 573 A
Editorial A Primer for Choosing a Graduate School. Advice for seniors.
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In AC Research
627 A
Product Review The Saga of AFM. Purchasers of atomic force microscopes face a changing landscape.
Self-assembled arrays. 586 A
637 A
Books and Software A Starting Point for CE. Hassan Azzazy and Robert Christenson of the University of Maryland School of Medicine–Baltimore review Clinical and Forensic Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis.
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Meetings
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New Products
1C
AC Research Contents
5005–5351
AC Research
5352
Author Index
Red, green, and yellow nanoparticles. 583 A
N O V E M B E R 1 , 2 0 0 1 / A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y
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A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y / N O V E M B E R 1 , 2 0 0 1
e d i to ri a l
A Primer for Choosing a Graduate School T
his is the time of year when seniors decide whether to seek a graduate degree—M.S. or Ph.D.—and where and what to study. These are lifetime decisions, and I invite faculty to call this short essay to their students’ attention. For the rest of this editorial, I will address the students. Firstly, why do you want a graduate degree? The employment market for B.S. degree chemists with good records has been strong for years, so graduate study should be more than a safe default decision. A graduate degree opens doors to becoming a college or university professor, taking a leadership role in the chemical and related industries, or working in government agencies that value scientific expertise. These directions all pose intellectual and personal challenges, which you may find appealing. A graduate degree is all about research and learning to think independently. So, you need to understand your own motivation. Secondly, where should you go to school? You probably would like to enroll at a well-recognized university because institutional reputation adds to your resume. However, it is more important that the department you enter has standards that will challenge you and, even more important, someone who can serve as your graduate study faculty advisor. That person will become an extremely significant person in your life— both during and after your graduate study. You will learn from your faculty advisor a body of chemical skills, a way and depth of thinking about scientific questions, a certain level of independence, an attitude about ethics, and how to engage in teamwork (among other things). Moreover, your faculty advisor’s reputation plays an important role in opening opportunities for future employment. My advice: Select universities where there are several good choices for prospective faculty advisors. Learning about institutions and faculty advisors requires some “elbow grease” on your part. It helps if you have developed some preferences for a general area of chemistry to pursue. Ask your current faculty advisors to share their opinions on institutional-quality “pecking orders”. Remember that institutions that are strong in analytical chemistry may not be strong in organic, and vice versa. Students planning to study in the United States should look in their library (or visit
www.nap.edu) for the 1995 National Academy Press publication entitled Research Doctorate Programs in the United States, which ranks institutions in Appendices I and P. The U.S. News and World Report magazine also annually offers some information. Faculty Web sites are a powerful source of information; browse them to find out who is doing interesting research and publishing in the top journals, which is a measure of the quality of his or her work. As you fill out applications to a targeted list of “top-choice” and “acceptable alternate” universities, you may still feel that you don’t know enough about potential faculty advisors. Don’t worry. Each spring, prospective graduate students migrate to the universities where they have been accepted. Hopefully, you will then have an opportunity to meet likely faculty advisors. This visit can sharpen your impressions about a university. You can assess your chances of being accepted into the laboratories of your preferred faculty advisors, probe the level of excitement and satisfaction of their current students, and learn about the degree requirements and procedures for choosing advisors. (Beware of systems that assign advisors for you.) Think of the questions you want to ask before you go! Lastly, don’t be overwhelmed by the choosing process. Ignore the “problem” of migrating far from your home or culture (comfort) zone; if you are to hold a graduate degree, you deserve a broad outlook. Don’t be overly seduced by “bonus” graduate stipends; focus on choosing the best institution and faculty advisor for you, which is worth more in the long run. This process has more intricacies than I have space to present them, but I hope that I have offered some useful advice. Although I have written this for U.S. students, I believe it has some relevance for students anywhere. My final admonition is: Remember you saw this in a journal on analytical chemistry, which I believe is a wonderful career choice for YOU.
N O V E M B E R 1 , 2 0 0 1 / A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y
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EDITOR Royce W. Murray University of North Carolina
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Daniel W. Armstrong
Robert A. Osteryoung
Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory
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Catherine C. Fenselau
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University of Maryland
Scripps Research Institute
Reinhard Niessner
Edward S. Yeung
Technische Universität München (Germany)
Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory
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