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A scalable field study protocol and rationale for passive ambient air sampling: a spatial phytosampling for leaf data collection Tonny J Oyana, Slawomir M Lomnicki, Chuqi Guo, and Stephania A. Cormier Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03643 • Publication Date (Web): 14 Aug 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on August 16, 2017
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Environmental Science & Technology
A scalable field study protocol and rationale for passive ambient air sampling: a spatial phytosampling for leaf data collection
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Tonny J. Oyana (TJO) *1, Slawomir M. Lomnicki (SML) 2, Chuqi Guo (CG) 2, and Stephania A. Cormier (SAC) 1,3
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1 Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University
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2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University
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3 Le Bonheur Children’s Medical Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
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*Correspondence Author:
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Tonny J. Oyana, PhD. Director, Spatial Analytics and Informatics Core, GIS and Spatial Science Environmental Health (GiSSE) Lab Professor of GIS and Spatial Analysis, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center 66 North Pauline Street, Suite 651 Memphis, Tennessee 38163. Tel: +1-901-448-2829 Fax: +1-901-448-2701 Email:
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Abstract
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environmentally
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(EPFRs) have been found to exist on the
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surface of airborne PM2.5. These EPFRs have
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been found to form during many combustion
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processes, are present in vehicular exhaust, and persist in the environment for weeks and
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biological systems for up to 12 hours. To measure EPFRs in PM samples, high volume
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samplers are required and measurements are less representative of community exposure;
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therefore, we developed a novel spatial phytosampling methodology to study the spatial
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patterns of EPFR concentrations using plants. Leaf samples for laboratory PM analysis were
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collected from 188 randomly drawn sampling sites within a 500-meter buffer zone of pollution
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sources across a sampling grid measuring 32.9 km × 28.4 km in Memphis, Tennessee. PM was
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isolated from the intact leaves and size fractionated, and EPFRs on PM quantified by electron
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paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The radical concentration was found to positively
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correlate with the EPFR g-value, thus indicating cumulative content of oxygen centered radicals
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in PM with higher EPFR load. Our spatial phytosampling approach reveals spatial variations and
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potential "hotspots" risk due to EPFR exposure across Memphis and provides valuable insights
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for identifying exposure and demographic differences for health studies.
Stable,
bioreactive,
radicals
persistent
known free
as
radicals
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Key words: PM, spatial sampling, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), environmental exposure, air pollution
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INTRODUCTION
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Annually, seven million premature deaths are linked to exposure to air pollution.
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matter (PM) is a significant component of air pollution and is often categorized according to
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mean aerodynamic diameter. Sizes range from coarse particles (
