JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
524
e
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PERIODIC CHART OCTAVlA S. SELL Anderson College, Anderson, South Carolina
SEVERAL three-dimensional arrangements of the per- make all these features more easily seen and underiodic law have been suggested, but they either lack the valuable data of the Hubbard chart or do not fully show the relationship between the atoms which are receiving electrons into outer orbits and those receiving electrons into inner orbits. To prepare a chart for classroom use which would
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45"
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stood, we made a three-dimensional model from the conventional Hubbard chart, as shown in Figure 1. The framework was made of "hardware cloth" cut t o the dimensions given in Figure 2. Strips cut from the chart were attached t o the framework after shaping. The tallest section is composed of two loops, one containing the alkali metals and the inert gases, the other containing Groups 11-A, 111-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, and VII-B. A third loop contains the transition metals, Groups 111-A, IV-A, V-A, VI-A, VII-A, VIII (the triads), I-B, and 11-B. The fourth loop contains the rare earths, both the lanthanide and the actinide series.
