Abscisic acid uptakeâContinued

Downloaded by KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIV on June 10, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 6, 1984 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1984-0257.ix002

Author Index Abernathy, J. R., 205 Borazjani, Α., 171 Burke, John J., 215 Campbell, B. C., 193 Chan, B. G., 193 Chapital, D. C., 83 Christiansen, Meryl Ν., 65,235 Conkerton, E. J., 83 Creasy, L. L., 193 Cutler, Horace G., 153 Daie, Jaleh, 127 Dreyer, D. L., 193 Ebel, Jur-gen, 257 Evans, Lance S., 75 Gausman, Harold W., 215 Graves, Jr., C. Η., 171 Hayman, E., 245 Hedin, P. Α., 171 Hsu, W. J., 245 I s b e l l , V. R., 205 Jenkins, J. Ν., 171 Jones, Susan Β., 141 Jung, Johannes, 29 Klapproth, Harald, 45

K n i t t e l , Harry, 45 McCarty, Jr., J. C., 171 Mulrooney, J. E., 171 N i c k e l l , Louis G., 101 Ory, Robert L., 1,83 P a r r i s h , Frederick W., 141 Parrott, W. L., 171 Poling, S., 245 Quisenberry, Jerry E., 215 Rabin, L. B., 193 Rittig, Falk R., 1,83 Sauter, Hubert, 9 Schott, Peter E., 45 St. Angelo, A. J., 83 St. John, Judith B., 65,235 Stuart, B. L., 205 Stutte, C. Α., 23 T e r l i z z i , Daniel Ε., 65 Tramontano, William Α., 75 Waiss, Jr., A. C., 193 Wendt, C. W., 205 Williams, Max W., 93 Wilson, W. C., 113 Wyse, Roger, 127 Yokoyama, Η., 245

Subject Index A b s c i s i c acid uptake—Continued

A ABA—See A b s c i s i c acid Abscisic acid concentration e f f e c t s on metabolites, 134f conversion to g l u c o s y l ester, 137 e f f e c t s on grasshoppers, 195 in l e a f c e l l s , 136 metabolic pathways, 138f in sugarbeets, 137 metabolism, time e f f e c t s , 133 metabolites, 133 root uptake, 129 stress-induced production, 135 synthesis l o c a t i o n , 128 transport in sugarbeets, 127-40 uptake, metabolic i n h i b i t o r s , 129-31 A b s c i s i c a c i d l e v e l s , endogenous, 135t A b s c i s i c a c i d metabolism, to c o r r e c t concentration, 139 A b s c i s i c a c i d uptake e f f e c t s o f light, 133t external concentration e f f e c t s , 132f

light e f f e c t s , 131-33 pH e f f e c t s , 131,132f sugarbeets, time course, 130f temperature e f f e c t s , 131 time e f f e c t s , 129 Abscission process, c o n t r o l f o r fruit harvesting, 118 Acetone, 154 A c i d i t y , reduction in g r a p e f r u i t s , 117 A f l a t o x i n ( s ) , 143-45 ethanol e f f e c t s , 144 formation, 145 comparison o f i n h i b i t i o n , 145 i n h i b i t i o n by a s p e r g i l l u s p a r a s i t i c u s , I48f production, c u l t u r e conditions, 143 source, I43t A f l a t o x i n synthesis, acetone e f f e c t s , 144 A g r i c u l t u r a l crops, a p p l i c a t i o n s , 5-6 A g r i c u l t u r a l products, estimating constituents, 224 A l a r — S e e Daminozide, 94

275

Ory and Rittig; Bioregulators ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1984.


276

BIOREGULATORS: C H E M I S T R Y A N D USES

Allelochemicals, a n a l y s i s , 172 £-Aminobenzoic a c i d , 145 .L-Amino-oxyphenylpropionic a c i d , 200 Ammonium compounds mepiquat-like a c t i v i t y , 16 molecular c o n n e c t i v i t y , 15f f o r soybeans, 16 growth a c t i v i t y , 17f s t e r i c r e s t r i c t i o n s , 14 Ancymidol, 18 A n t h r a n i l i c a c i d , 145 Aphids reproduction enhancement, 197 suppression, 198 A p i c a l dominance, c e r e a l s , 35-36 Apples c y t o k i n i n a p p l i c a t i o n , 97 paclobutrazol ground a p p l i c a t i o n , 96t paclobutrazol-treated, 97t A p p l i c a t i o n s in a g r i c u l t u r a l crops, 5-6 Arachin, 86 Arachis hypogaea—See Peanuts Arsenic, inorganic, as carcinogen, 118 A r s e n i c a l compounds, a c i d i t y reduction, 118 Arthropods e f f e c t s o f plant regulators, 195-96 treated plants e f f e c t s , 197 A r y l o x y a l k y l pyridinium bromides, structure-activity r e l a t i o n s h i p s , 17f A s p e r g i l l i , fungal toxins, 143t Aspergillus flavus, e f f e c t of dimethylpiperidinium c h l o r i d e , 85 Aspergillus parasiticus a f l a t o x i n i n h i b i t i o n , I48f transmission e l e c t r o n microscopy, 145 in yeast extract/sucrose, I47f Auxin-antagonistic a c a t i n s , 36

Β Bean leaves, soil s a l i n i t y , 218 Beans—See Phaseolus v u l g a r i s Benzylalkylamines, 247 Benzylfurfurylamines, 247 Beta v u l g a r i s — S e e Sugarbeets Biological activity of phytoalexins, 259 Bioregulators definition, 2 mode o f a c t i o n , guayule rubber, 248-53 Ν,N-B i s(phos phonomethy1)glyc i n e — S e e Glyphosine

B o l l weevils, e f f e c t on pyridazinones, 71 Breeding, 5 D-Bromobenzylfurfurylamine, 248 C. Caffeine, 145 Calcium arsenate, 118 C a p a b i l i t i e s , 23 Carbon dioxide concentration, determination, 226-27 Carbon dioxide f i x a t i o n , f o r bioregulator evaluation, 25 Carya i l l i n o e n s i s Koch—See Pecan CCC—See Chlorcholine c h l o r i d e and Chlormequat c h l o r i d e Cell a r r e s t , promotion in legumes, 75-82 C e l l u l a r d i s c o l o r a t i o n within leaves, 221 Cereal crops a p p l i c a t i o n schedule f o r agrochemicals, 41 bioregulator mechanisms, 32 c u l t i v a t i o n , 38,40 development stages, 35-38 ear development, 38 economics, 38,40 g r a i n development, 38 i n f l u e n c i n g y i e l d formation, 30 phytohormonal i n t e r a c t i o n s , 3 3 f plant bioregulators, 29-41 p r i o r i t i e s , 40 y i e l d s t r u c t u r e , 30 Cereal grains, expected demands, 5 Chaetoglobosin K, 159f i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t , 159f i s o l a t i o n , 157 Chemical aspects, 9-22 Chemical modification, temperature extremes, 235-44 Chemical r e g u l a t i o n o f f a t t y a c i d s , 236 Chemotherapeutics, p o t e n t i a l , 160 C h i l l i n g i n j u r y in cotton seedlings, 236-38 Chlorcholine, s t r u c t u r e , 12f Chlorcholine c h l o r i d e modifications, 10,12f trimethylammonium s t r u c t u r e , 10 Chlormequat See a l s o Chlormequat c h l o r i d e and Chlorcholine c h l o r i d e a c t i v i t y on sugarcane, 103 sugarcane ripeners, 103 Chlormequat c h l o r i d e c e r e a l crops, germination e f f e c t s , 35 on r i c e , 61


277


INDEX

Chloroethylphosphonic acid—See Ethephon 2-Chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride—See Chlormequat 5-Chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1Hpyrazole, 119 Chlorophenoxy acetic acid, tangerine thinning, 114 Chlorophyll a fluorescence, 223,224 Chlorophyll concentration mepiquat chloride-treated leaves, 228 salt effects, 219 Chloroplasts, polar lipids, altering production, 236 Citrinin, 146 formation inhibition, 141,146 source, I43t Citrus fruits acidity reduction, 118 thinning, 114-15 uses, 113-22 Cladosporin, l65f coleoptile bioassay, 164 inhibitory effect, I66f Cladosporin diacetate, inhibitory effect, I66f Coleoptile segments, 155 Constituents, of agricultural products, estimating, 224 Corn, resistance against corn earworm, 200 Corn earworm antigrowth activity, 196t corn resistance to, 200 Cotton abaxial transpiration rate changes, 212f anthocyanin levels, dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 177t crop production limitations, 206 dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 174-79,187 diurnal changes, 209,211f flavonoid levels, dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 178t gossypol levels, dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 176t leaf reflectance, 218 treated vs. nontreated, 228 leaf spectral measurement, 225 leaf water variations, 21Of mepiquat chloride effects, 207,208f semiarid environment, 205 pests, dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 171-92 resistance factor, 200 shoot height, 207 tannin levels, dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 175t

Cotton fields, detecting salineaffected areas, 219 Cotton seedlings chilling injury, 236-38,238t root tips, fatty acids, 237 Cotton terminal content, dimethylpiperidinium chloride effects, 179t Crop uses, recommended, 4 Cycloheximide, EPA approved uses, 119 Cycocel, 227 Cytochalasin H, I63f inhibitory effect, I65f isolation, 160 Cytochrome P-450 active site, 19 interaction with nitrogen heterocycles, 20f Cytokinin application on apples, 97 Cytokinin type compounds, 38

D

D'Anjou pears, paclobutrazol treatment, 97,98t Daminozide, 94 DCPTA—See 2-Diethylaminoethyl-3,4dichlorophenylether Dichlorobutrazol, 19 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, side effects on insects, 194 Dichlorophenoxy acid, tangerine thinning, 114 Dichlorvos, 145 aflatoxin inhibition, I45t 2-Diethylaminoethyl-3,4dichlorophenylether, guayule rubber production, 246t,253t Dihydropergillin, 155,156f inhibitory effect, 158f 1,1-Dimethylpiperidinium cation, ring substitution, 11 1,1-Dimethylpiperidinium chloride See also Mepiquat chloride aflatoxin inhibition, I45t effects, 144 on cotton, 174-79 on peanut minerals, 85 on pecan trees, I85t,l86t on pecans, 173 gossypol levels, effects on cotton, 176t peanut plant treatments, 84 tannin levels, effects on cotton, 175t Disease resistance of plants, determining, 261 DPA—See Dihydrophaseic acid DPC—See Mepiquat chloride


BIOREGULATORS: CHEMISTRY A N D USES

278


Ε Ear development cereals, 38 g i b b e r e l l i n antagonists, 38 Economic importance, 3 Elicitors phytoalexin synthesis, 257-70 r o l e in phytoalexin synthesis, 262 Embark—See Mefluidide, 108 Environmental f a c t o r s , 5 Ethephon, 38,114 degreening treatments, 117 EPA approved uses, 119 as sugarcane ripener, 108 tree and fruit absorption, 118 Ethephon-induced growth, sugarcane, 108 Ethyl-5-chloro-H-3-indazolylacetate, Ethylene evolution from l e a f t i s s u e , for bioregulator evaluation, 26 Ethylene generator, 38

F trans-Farneylpyrophosphate, synthesis, 252 Fatty a c i d ( s ) chemical r e g u l a t i o n , 236 composition e f f e c t o f preemergence treatment, 239t phosphatidyl choline, 241t cotton seedlings, root t i p s , 237 unsaturation, membrane, i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s , 236 F e r t i l i z e r s , r o l e in a g r i c u l t u r a l production, 2 F i e l d evaluation, 23-28 F i r s t - o r d e r molecular c o n n e c t i v i t y index, 14 F l o r e t s , 38 f e r t i l e and s t e r i l e , 39f Fluorescence detection, leaves, 223-24 Freeze i n j u r y , detecting, 217 Fruit(s) cold hardiness, 120-21 c o l o r problems, 122 flowering c o n t r o l , 119-20 harvesting, c o n t r o l of a b s c i s s i o n process, 118 postharvest treatments, 117 shipment and storage, 117 s i z e , increasing, 116-17 storage on trees, 115 F r u i t growers, problems, 93 F r u i t peel, q u a l i t y preservation, 115-16 F r u i t set, c o n t r o l , 120 F r u i t trees, vegetative growth c o n t r o l , 93-100,121

F r u i t i n g e f f i c i e n c y , improving, 93-100 Fruitworm larvae growth, on treated tomato plants, 199t Fungal toxins, I42,l43t Fungi b i o l o g i c a l y a c t i v e , templates f o r p e s t i c i d e s , 153-70 growth e f f e c t s , 141-53 Fusarium, r e s i s t a n c e , 199

G G. max—See Glycine max GA a n t a g o n i s t s — S e e G i b b e r e l l i n antagonists Germination o f c e r e a l s , 35 G i b b e r e l l i c a c i d , 98 thinning satsumas, 114 G i b b e r e l l i n antagonists, 32 c e r e a l crops, germination e f f e c t s , 35 ear development, 38 grain development, 38 G i b b e r e l l i n biosynthesis growth retardants, 34f t e t c y c l a c i s , i n h i b i t i o n , 47f /3-Glucan hydrolases, 263 Glucose/ammonium n i t r a t e , 143 G l y c e o l l i n , 263 accumulation in soybeans, 267 biosynthesis pathway, 260f disease resistance of soybean, 267 Glycine max cell a r r e s t , roots, 79 t r i g o n e l l i n e e f f e c t s , 77-79 G l y c i n o l , 263 Glyoxal dioxime, 119 Glyphosate, 103,109 Glyphosine, 103,109 Gossypium hirsutum L . — S e e Cotton Gossypol, 200 analyses, 172 Grain development c e r e a l s , 38 g i b b e r r e l l i n antagonists, 38 Grapefruit(s) preharvest treatments, 117 prevention of aging, 115 reduction of a c i d i t y , 117 tree growth c o n t r o l , 121 Groundnuts—See peanuts Guayule plant cross s e c t i o n , 249f rubber content, 250f,251f rubber synthesis, 245-56 species l o c a t i o n , 245 Guayule rubber bioregulators, 246-48 C.-13 NMR spectra, 254f commercial production obstacles, 246


279

INDEX Guayule rubber—Continued g e l permeation chromatography, 255f,256f isoprene u n i t , 254f mode o f a c t i o n o f b i o r e g u l a t o r s , 248-53 q u a l i t y , 253


H H e l i o t h i s z e a — S e e Corn earworm H e r b i c i d a l e f f e c t s , detection, by l e a f r e f l e c t a n c e , 226 Herbicides, 3 oxygen e v o l u t i o n , 25 Hevea rubber, g e l permeation chromatography, 255f Host plant r e s i s t a n c e , 193-204 Hydrazinium compounds, s t r u c t u r e , 12f Hydroperoxide formation in soybean, 65 Hydrothol, 103 Hydroxyterphenyllin, 161f a c t i v i t y , 167 b i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t y , 157 inhibitory effect, I6lf i s o l a t i o n , 160

I Inhibition, of aflatoxin, comparison, I45t Inorganic a r s e n i c , as carcinogen, 118 Internode shortening, 171 IR light, low energy, 216 IZAA—See Ethyl-5-chloro-H-3indazolylacetate

J Juglone D-coumaric a c i d treatment, 184 delayed accumulation, 184 dimethylpiperidinium c h l o r i d e e f f e c t s , 179 Juglone concentrations pecans, I82t,l83t seasonal, l89f Van Deman pecan trees, l88f

Κ Kaurene, a c t i v e s i t e , 19 Kylar, peanut plant treatments, 84

L Laboratory evaluation, 23-28 advantages, 27 techniques, 24-27 Latex p a i n t , 121 Leaf c e l l u l a r d i s c o l o r a t i o n w i t h i n , 221 fluorescence detection, 223-24 i n t e r n a l d i s c o l o r a t i o n , 229 soil s a l i n i t y e f f e c t s , 218-19 specular r e f l e c t a n c e , 216 Leaf o p t i c a l p r o p e r t i e s , 215-34 Leaf r e f l e c t a n c e , 216 dehydration e v a l u a t i o n , 218 e f f e c t o f rust i n f e c t i o n , 221 e f f e c t s o f nitrogen n u t r i t i o n , 220 freeze i n j u r y , 217 maturity e f f e c t s , 216 near-IR light, 229 treated v s . nontreated cotton, 228 Leaf s p e c t r a l measurements, u s e f u l l n e s s , 225 Legumes, t r i g o n e l l i n e concentrations, 79 Lemons fruit s i z e , i n c r e a s i n g , 116 preserving peel q u a l i t y , 115 tree growth c o n t r o l , 121 L i g h t , and a b s c i s i c a c i d uptake, 133t L i n o l e a t e , in winter hardening p l a n t s , 235 Linoleic acid, a f f i n i t y of lipoxygenase, 88 Linolenate, in winter hardening plants, 235 Linolenic acid formation,χ i n h i b i t i o n , 65 reduced l e v e l s , 238 soybean formation, 66 L i p i d peroxidation, e f f e c t s o f pyridazinones, 87-91 L i p i d peroxides, development in peanuts, 88t Lipoxygenase a f f i n i t y f o r l i n o l e i c a c i d , 88 in animals, 71 e f f e c t s o f pyridazinones, 87-91 i n h i b i t i o n by pyrazon, 70f Lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y e f f e c t o f pyridazinones, 67-68,68t peanuts, Lineweaver-Burke p l o t s , 90f L i v e r degeneration, 149 Locust, preventing sexual maturation, 195 Lodging, 36 Low energy IR light, 216


280

BIOREGULATORS: CHEMISTRY AND USES


M

Norbornanodiazetines—Continued structural features, lb-lV

Maleic hydrazide, 120,197 Mandarins a l t e r n a t e bearing, 114 degreening, 117 fruit set, 120 Mechanisms, c e r e a l crops, 32 Mefluidide, 108 sugarcane r i p e r n e r s , 103 Membrane f a t t y a c i d unsaturation, i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s , 236 Mepiquat c a t i o n h y d r o p h i l i c i t y e f f e c t s , 11 l i p o p h i l i c and h y d r o p h i l i c regions, 13f methyl group replacement, 15f structure-activity r e l a t i o n s h i p s , 10-14,12f Mepiquat c h l o r i d e , 227 See a l s o Dimethylpiperidinium chloride commercial uses, 10 e f f e c t s on cotton growth, semiarid environment, 205 on r i c e , 61 Mercaptoethanol, a f l a t o x i n i n h i b i t i o n , I45t Metabolic i n h i b i t o r s , a b s c i s i c a c i d uptake in l e a f t i s s u e , 129-31 Metabolites o f a b s c i s i c a c i d , 133 appearance, 154 Methyl c h l o r f l u o r e n o l , r i c e p l a n t s , height e f f e c t s , 56 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy a c e t i c a c i d , 197 Mycelium, a f l a t o x i n i n h i b i t i o n , 146 Ν 1-Naphthaleneacetic a c i d , 114 Natural phytohormones, 3 Navel oranges, senescence changes, 116 Nephrotoxin, 146 Nicotinamide adenine d i n u c l e o t i d e , b i o s y n t h e s i s , 76 N i t r a t e uptake, f o r bioregulator evaluation, 25 Nitrogen l o s s from plant f o l i a g e , f o r b i o r e g u l a t o r evaluation, 25-26 u t i l i z a t i o n in plants, 26 Nitrogen heterocycles, 18-19,20f Nitrogen n u t r i t i o n , e f f e c t on l e a f r e f l e c t a n c e , 220 N o r b o r n a n o d i a z e t i n e s , 18 sp - h y b r i d i z e d n i t r o g e n ,

19

Nutrient d e f i c i e n c y , l e a f r e f l e c t a n c e studies, 220

0 Oleate, in winter hardening plants, 235 Onium compounds, 10-17,13f,39f combined with ethephon, 38 defined, 10 g i b b e r e l l i n antagonists, 32 s t e r i c r e s t r i c t i o n s , 11 Ontogeny, seedling, t r i g o n e l l i n e concentration decrease, 82 Oranges navel, senescence changes, 116 preharvest drop, 115 tree growth c o n t r o l , 121 Valencia, a l t e r n a t e bearing, 115 Organophosphates, 145 Orlandin, i s o l a t i o n , 160 Oryza s a t i v a i n f l u e n c e o f various b i o r e g u l a t o r s , 59f l e a f sheath, i n f l u e n c e o f various b i o r e g u l a t o r s , 59f seedsoaking treatment on y i e l d , 62f t e t c y c l a c i s treated, 54-55f Oxidative r a n c i d i t y , source, 84 Oxygen e v o l u t i o n , f o r bioregulator evaluation, 25

Ρ P. sativum—See Pisum sativum P. vulgaris, trigonelline effects, 77-79 PA—See phaseic acid Paclobutrazol application, 94 ground, 95t,96t mode of action, 98 structure, 94 Parthenium argentatum—See Guayule plant PAS—See Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 227 Peanuts development of l i p i d peroxides, 88t effects of pyridazinones, 85-87 fatty acid profiles, 87 free sugars, pyridazinones and effect on, 87t from bioregulator-treated plants, 83-92



INDEX

281

Lineweaver-Burke p l o t s f o r lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , 90f lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , a f t e r storage, 89f pyridazinones, treatment, 86t Pear t r e e s , D'Anjou, paclobutrazol treatment, 97 Pecan dimethylpiperidinium c h l o r i d e e f f e c t s , 173 growth habit measurements, I 8 0 t , l 8 l t l e a f juglone concentration, l82t nut juglone concentration, I83t pests, dimethylpiperidinium c h l o r i d e e f f e c t s , 171-92 terminal shoot growth, 184 t e s t s , 173,179 tree s i z e , reducing, 187 Pecan t r e e s , Van Deman juglone concentrations, l 8 8 f tannin concentration, 190 Peel, fruit, q u a l i t y preservation, 115-16 P e n i c i l l i a , fungal toxins, I43t P e n i c i l l i c acid formation, 149 source, I43t Pénicillium oxalicum, t o x i n , 149 6-Pentyl-o/-pyrone, i s o l a t i o n , 167 P e r g i l l i n , 155,156f i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t , 158f Pests, plant regulator treated p l a n t s , 197t pH e f f e c t s , A b s c i s i c a c i d uptake, 131 pH gradients, A b s c i s i c a c i d movement, 136 Phaseolus v u l g a r i s , cell a r r e s t , roots, 79 Phenolic(s) f o r b i o r e g u l a t o r evaluation, 26-27 pest r e s i s t a n c e , 26 Phenolic g l y c o s i d e s , f o r b i o r e g u l a t o r evaluation, 26-27 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 264 synthesis r a t e s , 265f Phosphatidyl choline, f a t t y a c i d composition, 241t Phospholipids, temperature e f f e c t s on d i s t r i b u t i o n , 240 Phosphonomethyl g l y c i n e — S e e glyphosate Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 227 Photosynthesis i n h i b i t i o n , 238 i n h i b i t i o n by pyridazinones, 85 Phytoalexin(s) b i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t y , 259 d e f i n i t i o n , 171,257 r o l e in soybean r e s i s t a n c e , 266-68 s t r u c t u r e s , 258f

Phytoalexin(s)—Continued synthesis induced, in soybean, 261-63 induction, 257-70 r o l e o f calcium ions, 266 r o l e o f e l i c i t o r s , 262 theory o f disease r e s i s t a n c e , 257-61 Phytoalexin concept, 257 Phytohormonal i n t e r a c t i o n s , c e r e a l crops, 33f Phytohormones, n a t u r a l , 3 Phytophthora megasperma, 261 Pisum sativum, cell a r r e s t , roots, 79 PIX—See dimethylpiperidinium chloride, Plant breeding, 83,225-26 Plant hormone, 2 Plant maladies, d e t e c t i o n in leaves, 221 Plant regulators, e f f e c t s on arthropods, 195-96 Plant s t r e s s , l e a f o p t i c a l p r o p e r t i e s , 215-3 * Plants, a b s c i s i c a c i d degradation, 139 P o l a d o — S e e Glyphosate, 103 Polar l i p i d s o f c h l o r o p l a s t s , a l t e r i n g production, 236 P o l a r i s — S e e Glyphosine, 103 c i s - P o l y i s o p r e n e , synthesis, 252 Potassium f l u o r i d e , 145 Potassium s u l f i t e , 145 Potassium uptake for b i o r e g u l a t o r evaluation, 25 reduction in soybeans, 25 Preemergence treatment, e f f e c t on f a t t y a c i d composition, 239t Preharvest drop, oranges, 115 Prehelminthosporol, l66f i s o l a t e d , 164 Pyrazon double-reciprocal p l o t by lipoxygenase, 70f lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , 69 photosynthesis i n h i b i t i o n , 238 Pyridazinones, 236 a c t i o n s , 65 on soybean l i p i d s , 66,67 a l t e r a t i o n to temperature response, 240 a p p l i c a t i o n , 67-68 effects b o l l weevils,' 71 f r e e sugars on peanuts, 87t in v i t r o lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , 68 lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , 68t lipoxygenase and l i p i d peroxidation, 87-91 peanuts, 85-87 soybeans, lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , 67-68 2


BIOREGULATORS: CHEMISTRY AND


282 Pyridazinones—Continued sunflower f a t t y a c i d s , 69t i n h i b i t i o n of photosynthesis, 85 l i n o l e n i c a c i d productions, e f f e c t s , 66t uses, 69 Pyridinium s a l t s c a t i o n , molecular c o n n e c t i v i t y index, 14 l i p o h i l i c i t y , 16 for r i c e , 14-16 s t r u c t u r e - a c t i v i t y r e l a t i o n s h i p s , 16 Pyrimidines, 18 s t r u c t u r a l features, 18-19

R Ratoon crops, sugarcane ripeners, e f f e c t , 109 Recommended crop uses, 4 Rice growth r e t a r d a t i o n , I4,34f pyridinium s a l t s , 14-16 t e t c y c l a c i s treatment, 18 t r a n s p l a n t a t i o n , 46 Rice plants development improvement, 45-64 t e t c y c l a c i s seedsoaking e f f e c t s , 61 t e t c y c l a c i s treated, 50 v a r i e t a l response on t e t c y c l a c i s , 56 Ripening c o n t r o l , sugarcane, 102-10 Ripenthol, 103 Rubber commercial production obstacles, 246 guayule, b i o r e g u l a t o r s , 246-48 synthesis, in guayule plant, 245-56 Rust i n f e c t i o n , e f f e c t on l e a f r e f l e c t a n c e , 221

S Saccharum o f f i c i n a r u m L . — S e e Sugarcane S a l i n i t y - s t r e s s e d leaves, 219 Satsumas, thinning, 114 Secalonic a c i d , source, I43t Secalonic a c i d D, 149 Secondary metabolites, d e f i n i t i o n , 153 Seedling development, o f c e r e a l s , 35 Seedling ontogeny, t r i g o n e l l i n e con c e n t r a t i o n decrease, 82 Semisynthetic medium, 143 Shoot growth c o n t r o l , advantages, 98 daminozide, 94 promotion, 98

USES

Shoot height, cotton, 207 Side e f f e c t s , on i n s e c t s , 194-96 Soil s a l i n i t y e f f e c t s , l e a f , 218-19 Sorghum, bioregulator treated, 198 Soybean ammonium compounds, 16 formation of l i n o l e n i c a c i d , 66 g l y c e o l l i n , accumulation, 267 hydroperoxide formation, 65 induced phytoalexin synthesis, 261-63 lipoxygenase a c t i v i t y , e f f e c t s o f pyridazinones, 67-68 o i l quality chemical manipulation, 65-74 enhancement, mechanisms, 69 potassium uptake reduction, 25 Soybean phytoalexin, biosynthesis pathway, 260f s p - h y b r i d i z e d nitrogen, norbornanodiazetines, 19 Standing a b i l i t y c e r e a l s , 36 e f f e c t of chlormequat c h l o r i d e , 36 Stress conditions, in plants, ethylene evolution, 26 Structure-activity relationships a r y l o x y a l k y l p y r i d i n i u m bromides, 17f mepiquat compounds, 10-14,12f pyridinium s a l t s , 16 Sucrose increases, 101-12 Sugarbeets a b s c i s i c a c i d transport, 127-40 a b s c i s i c a c i d uptake, time e f f e c t s , 129 metabolic pathways f o r a b s c i s i c a c i d , 137 metabolite e x t r a c t i o n , 129 sucrose uptake, a b s c i s i c a c i d e f f e c t s , 130f time course of a b s c i s i c a c i d uptake, 130f t i s s u e d i s c preparation, 128 Sugarcane, glyphosine treatment, 103 Sugarcane ripeners, 104-7t i n c r e a s i n g sucrose, 109 Sulfanilamide, 145 Sulfonium compounds, 6-membered c y c l i c , a c t i v i t y , 11 Sunflowers, pyridazinones, 69 Synthetic medium, 143 2

Τ Tangelos, fruit set, 120 Tangerines fruit set, 120 fruit thinning with ethephon,


115

283


INDEX Tangerines—Continued thinning f r u i t s , 114 tree growth c o n t r o l , 121 Tannin l e v e l s , in cotton, 175t Temperature extremes, chemical modification o f plant response, 235-44 Temperature s t r e s s , plant growth, l e a f r e f l e c t a n c e studies, 217-18 Terpal, 10 Terpenoid aldehydes, analyses, 172 Terphenyllin a c t i v i t y , 167 i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t , 161 f i s o l a t i o n , 160 Terphenyllin tetraacetate, i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t , 161f T e t c y c l a c i s , 18,45-64 a p p l i c a t i o n method, 50,51f c e r e a l s , 32 shoot:root r a t i o , 35 inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis, 47f mode o f a c t i o n , 18 vs. other bioregulators, 48f,58f rice growth rate, 55f seedsoaking treatment, 52f,6l v a r i e t a l response, 56 v a r i e t i e s , 49f seedsoaking treatment, plant height, 53f,54f treatment o f wheat, 37f T i l l e r i n g , cereals, 35 Tomato fruitworm, growth, 199 Tomato plants, treated, fruitworm larvae growth, 199t Tomatoes, f r o s t hardiness, 199 Top red d e l i c i o u s apples, paclobutrazol treatment, 95 Toxicity, l e a f reflectance studies, 220 Toxin formation in fungi, 141-53 Transpiration, increasing temperatures, 217 Tre-Hold, 121 T r i a z o l e s , s t r u c t u r a l features, 18-19 2,3,6-Trichlorobenzoic a c i d , dimethylamine s a l t , 103 Trichoderma Reesei, dimethylpiperidinium c h l o r i d e e f f e c t s , 142 T r i g o n e l l i n e s , 75-82 concentration, determination, 77 DNA measurements, 77

Trigonellines—Continued e f f e c t s , 77-79 l o c a t i o n , 76 Triiodobenzoic a c i d , 36 Trimethylammonium in c h l o r c h o l i n e c h l o r i d e , 10 structure, 12f Trunk resprouting, fruit trees, c o n t r o l , 121

V Van Deman pecan trees dimethylpiperidinium chloride e f f e c t s , I84,l85t,l86t juglone concentrations, l88f tannin concentration, 190 Vertebrate toxins, 155 V i c i a faba, cell a r r e s t , roots, 79

W Water s t r e s s cotton, 206 plant growth, l e a f r e f l e c t a n c e studies, 217-18 Water uptake, f o r bioregulator evaluation, 25 Wheat c h l o r c h o l i n e e f f e c t s , 10 chlormequat c h l o r i d e e f f e c t s on growth, 37f treatment with t e t c y c l a c i s , 37f y i e l d p o t e n t i a l , 30 Wheat c o l e o p t i l e s , growth, e f f e c t o f prehelminthosporol, I68f Wheat production, maximizing, 4 Wheat seedlings, roots, phospholipid composition, 242 Winter wheat, shortening the height, 141

X Xanthium, A b s c i s i c a c i d conversion, 137

Y Yeast extract/sucrose, 143 Y i e l d , oryza s a t i v a seedsoaking treatment, 62f


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