ARSTRAC'TS.
141
t h e analyses of different chemists. T h e errors thus obtained clearly arise from the too sudden formation of the ammonia-magnesia phosphate precipitate, the precipitate carrying down with i t extraneous matter, the error increasing, of course, when a large amonnt of molybdate of ammonia is present. When no foreigri matter is present and the exact theoretical amount of magnesium chloride is contained in the solution, thib sudden precipitation is not injurious, an is wen in Method 1V. Method I11 when carried out as here deswibecl gives accurate results even in the presence of molybdaw of ammonia. This nietllod, as it does not necessitate any previous neutralization of the solution with Iiydrochloric acid, and requirrs but one precipitation is the one to be most highly recommeiidtd. Strong ammonia water shoiild be added in liberal amouirt to the solution, and also employed in the washing. The breaking of the filter Imper aiid washing of the molybdate salt into the iwaker, without filtering the solution cannot be recommriided. However thoroughly the yellow salt niay be washed, tlieic. is always a slight residue insoluble in ammonia water. A soluticm and filtration of the molybdic precipitate is therefore necesssi-y in accurate work.
LANORAI ORY
OP
STILLWELL & GLADDING, NEWYORK.
ABSTRACTS. Absc,.;icts from Jortrnml ofthe Clternhzl Society, Loiidon, by Arthur H. Elliott, PI1 B., F.C.S.
On the Volnmetric Estimation of Bismuth in the Form of Oxalate. BY M. 11. PATTISON MUIR, ALA., F.R. S. E. A N D C. E. ROBBS, B. A . 1%.Sc. {Vol. XL., p. 1,)-Authors describe a process w h k h depends upon the fact that potassium oxalate precipitates Uismiitli as Bi2(C,0,),K,C,0,. T h e method of procedllre in as follows:A sdution of the bismuth in the minimum quantity of nitric acid is eva1ioratc.d till only enoiigli acid remains to give a solution when hot; s h r g e exctw of glacial acetic acid is added and the whole tran.t'cwed to a mcastctiiig flask, washing with acetic acid (1:l). Standard potas4uii o r d n t e is now added till there is twice as milch of tliis salt present as there is bismuth oxide; the flank is filled to t h e mark with acetic acid (1:l) aiid after shaking and allowing to
ABSTRACTS.
143
ese dioxide ul)oii potassic chlorate is the same a s that of an oxide on a salt.
Gamma and Beta-Amylan ; Constituents of Sorne Cereals. BY C. O'SULLIVAN. (Vol. XIA., 1). 24.) - Author describes two bodies of the same percentage composition as starch, one insolublc in water, and the other soliiblc. Barley contains 2 Iber cent of gamma.amylan,and not more than 0.3 per cent. of beta-aniylan. \\'lieat and rye cont,ain 2.25 per cent. o f beta-amyIan, and not ovt'i. ().1-(),t)5 per cent. of gamma-aniylan.
Note on the Action of Ethy I-Chloi*ocarbonateon Benzene in presence of Aliiminum (:hloride. I h - EI)WARD Ii. RESSIE, M. A., 13. Sc. ,$,\-ol. XI,., 11. 33.)--Autlior states that ethylchlorocarbonate acts upon bcnzerie in preseiice of alumina cliloride i n the cold prodiicing carbonic adiyclride, hydrochloric acid and ethyl b e m e w . Also states that ethyl-chlorocarboriate, b y contact with aluminium chloride i n the cold, yields carbonic anliydi-ide a n d mono-chloretticne. \Vhen ethyl-chloroacetate is substituted for etlivl-chlorocarl~o-rintc,i i o reaction takes place.
On Benzyl-Phenol and its Derivatives. BY Eu\va~ci)H. (Vol. XL., p. 33.) - Aiithor de-
REYVNIB, JI. A,, I{. SC.
scribes the prep:iration O C the iiioii~)siilplioiiic acid, iwtassiuni 11itrol~etizyl-pliei1ol-8ul~~h01iate, potassium bromo-benzylplieriol-s~ilphoiiate, :tiid tritiitro bcnzyl-plienol, a i d gi-c's descriptions of tlicir properties. Aiithoi- appears to,tliirik that, benzylphenol 'is R 1)ara deiiv:itive.
On the Steeping of Barley. liu Euaiusi) J . M I i 2 r a h ,I>. Sc., F.H. Y., A N D J. P'ETTIGREW. (Vol. XL., p. 38.) This paper treats of the nctioti of water, containing diiferent quailtities of calcium carboriate and calcium sulphate in solution, upon barley. 111the case of calcium carbonate, as the latter diminishes the extract decreases, and the nitrogenous matters in the extract increase; but distilled water extracts less of the nitrogen compounds than 0.0224 per cent. solution of calcium carbonate. W i t h calcic siilphate the total extract or nitrogen per unit of calcic salts is rnuoh greater than with the carbonate. T h e paper also contains an analysis of Burton water, and its effect upon the steeping of barley. It is shown that the extract decreases as the water is diluted with distil!ed water. Factitious waters were made containing some of the important constituents of the Burton water ; and as a result of
144
ABSTRACTS.
Pteeping barley it was found t h a t with calcic sulphate and sodic cliloride, more extract and less nitrogenous matter was obtained than n.ith Biirton water ; while with calcic carbonate atid m d i c chloi-ide tlie e l t r a c t is about t h e same and t h e nitrogcn less than with Burron water. The general c.ffect of a c:rlcic solution is to keep back the iriti*ogeii witliin~tlic grain. '' l'he special esteem in which t h e I3iirton water is held inay therefore be d u e t o its iiitrnte, which is \\,ell k n o w n t o 1iai.c :L lriglily stimiilairt action i n t h e germinating of ni:tlt--;i l l i ~ o i ' ( ' > w~ h i c . l i (lcmantls much oxygen."
Researches on the Relation of the Molecular Stricture of Carbon C'ompoiinds to their Absorption Spectra. BY W. N. HARTLEY,F.R.S.E.
(Vol. XI,., 11. 1 6 . ) PART V 1 , - 0 ~ the coiistitufion (if' I'yriditie, Z'icdiw, Q u i i t d i , , , u t / ( / O'ytuuric Acid. A f t e r cxpcrinirritiiig on I I y d i ~ o c y n n i cAcitl, t lie author w m c s t o t h e conc~lriaionthat : '' 'l'llc simple i i n i ( 1 1 1 of c:ii,lx)n t o nitrogcm does not cause selectit c al~sorl)tioiiof tlie i i l t w violet ra\.s." A n ~ ~ m b e r of 1liilgr;irns From ~ ~ h o t ~ g r :ofi ~ n~l ilr io ~ i ~ l ~ t i o ns1lcvtl.a ai*given and ci)riipai.isi)ii is madc hct \i,ec~rl tlic ditt'cJrent spcwtra. Author tliinks it pi~obablethat i r i Iwrizcme each ixi.l)un atoni ie unitcd with t h i w other carl~oiis.A f u l l idea of t h e papcar caiiiiot be givcw without the iliagimns, ~
On Peppermint CaniphoriMenlho1)nnd same of its Derivatives. JIY R. IV. ATKISSCIS, 13. Sc., A S I ) 11. YOSHIDA. (Vol. XL., 1'. 4!l.) Autliors d e w r i l c Blentlione C , , I I , ,O, give its vapor density as 7 7.45 a n d 76.69; it boils at 2Ofi.3" C, ai d its +pecific rota1 y ]lower is [allilin]j = 41.1C". Its specific gi,a\iiy a t different temperatrires as \\ell as its rate of e x p a ~ i s i i nand niolccular refraction are also given. 1\fenttione C , ,FI, i s also descrihcd ; it hoils a t I I i 7 . 4 O C, its specific gravity power is [all)lia] j = 13.25". The sllecitic gravit!., rate o f expansion a i d molecrilar rtafractioil are also given.
+
+
On the Composition of Pennant Grits in Colltact with and a t a Distalice from Carbonaceoils Deposits. U Y EDWARD W~.TI~E:RE:D, 17. C!. S., F. G . S. (VtJ. XL.,) A conipaijson of a nqmbcr of analyses o f the grits t h a t accomp:lny coal. seams. 'I'he aiitlior finds t h a t these become more argillacctoilu when in contact with the coal, ant1 assigns tlie cause to t h e carbonic acid given off from the decompobing yegetable matter, acting upon the freshly formed inorgaiiic: wdirneiit ; decoiiiposing all silicates except silicate of alumina.
