ABSTRACTS: LONDON CHEMICAL SOCIETY.
91
knowledge to say that the perissad nature of the reducing element is an essential feature of the formation of active oxygen. As I have repeatedly stated, the essential part of my hypothesis is the reduction of the oxygen molecule a t a temperature compatibie with the stability of the ozone molecule. Even without chemical intervention, the silent electrical discharge will do this, and form primarily active oxygen and secondarily ozone. That snch is the case is shown b y the formation of carbonic dioxide when a mixture of carhon monoxide and oxygen are submitted to the silent discharge.
ABSTRACTS. Abstracts from the Journal of the London Chemz'cal Socielg, by E. Waner, PI]. D.
On the Constitiition of some Bromine-derivatives of Naphthalene. (Third notice.) R. Mcldola (XLIII. p. 1.) Description of the preparation of meta di brom naphthalene, Beta-di brom naphtlialene, tri-brom naphthalene? and ortho-di brom naphthalene.
On the Constitution of Lophine.. 'I'. R. Japp. (XLIII. p. 9.) An argument against the view of Radziszewski, regarding the composition of the lophine molecule. Contributions to the Chemistry of Lignification. C . F. F. Cross and E. J . 13evan. (XLIII. p. 18.) The hypotliesis of the authors previously adopted that bnstose is achemical whole in the sense of presenting a true combination rather than a mixtnre of cellulose with its own c.ellnlosic constituent, has received further confirmation from their researclies. The close connection between these plant constituents and the trihydric phenols seems to be established. A chlorinated derivative of bastose was obtained, which, though amorphous, was the same in composition when obtained from different sources, from jute, and from nianilla. (musc~paruclisiaca.) T h e composition corresponded to the formula C3FH,,CI,1016.
92
AHSTRAC‘I’S: LONDON CHEBIICAI, SOCIETY,
A note is appended remarking on the resemblance betweell t h e cliloroderivatives from the alkaline liquors from Esparto boilers, a11d the halogen derivativeh taf the sacchulmic compouiids recrntly (I(,scribed by Sestiiii. ((:azetta 1882, 2$)2). Oil the Oxidation of C‘eIIuIose. F. (‘ross m 1 E. J, ~ S ~ W I . (XLIII. p. 2 2 . ) conil)uiid t o which tlie iiaine o~:ycdl~tkisc has 11rc)visiona!ly I)ecw g i v e ~ ihas , been found t u be one of the proclclets interiiiecliatt? lwtweeli cellulosc. rtiid oxalic ncitl 1jy the re:ictic)li (of iiitric acid (of RO 1)er cthiit. on c ~ l l i i l o s e . ‘I’Iii. :~rnoiint obtaiiicd wah almiit :jO p e r ~ ~ ’ i i to .f tlrc cclliilo~(~ iiw(1, Osyc~i~lliilosc1,rel)areci froin iliEereiit soiirces, and 11y tliffereiit nictliod> of liiiriticat i o i i , hac1 a con.ititutioii indicatiiig tlie i’orniiila t‘,. H2, O t , -1 i 1 i t i . o v o n i li~o~iiiil o f tliis 1)roiluct \viis p i , e p r d , tlilz esaiiiinatioii oi’ xvliicli I)!Ihler’s nicthod (l‘ermiis sril!)hate) inc1ic:nteil tlica conilmsitioii ( ’ : ” II? (I.
(SO2); o:?.
The Analysis of Certain Plant Fibres.
(,’.
S.1 j - c h t i : r .
.A
table is givcn emboilyirig thc rehiilts of‘ tlie exanhatioil of the fibro yascitlar biuidles of sc.vera1 monocotyludoiioi~s plants ancl of the bast fibres of several dccotyleduiious plaiits. ‘J’Iie react ions of these fil)rcs with yiwioiis re:tgents art’ also given. Also the groiind 11 1’ on \v 11ich t li(x s vera1 (1e t w i n i iia t i on s i n c 111t l ec1 i n t 11c iriet 1I ocl ( J f diagiiosis einployet?, is b:tsecl. (2
O n a Condensation Product of Phenanthrayuinoiie with Etllylic Aceto-acetate. F. ‘R. Japp and F. W. Streatfield. (XLIII, 1.’ 2 7 . ) On tnising 100 grnis. of l’1ieiiantlir:iqiiinoiie with 90 grins. etliylic aceto acetate, and then adding 150 c c of dilute KIIO (l:(i)and warming gently with agitation, ethylic-l)lienanthraoxylene-aceto acetate is forniccl. The conipoiind was purified by boiling with alliirig with water, and finally recrystallizing two or three times from boiling benzene. is deposited in tufts of fine white. silky needles. Fuses with blackening and cvoliition’ of gas at 184.”5C!. Soluble in alcoholic and acetic acid. 11)- oxidation with chromic :wid it yields ~1ienaI;thraqninoiie. Cornphition, C?, H,, 0,. (.%aI CI11 il tetl (r
tI
o
,
* .-.)
.
3.
21).
Mean of :1 Aniilyses 74.93
5.06
ABSTEACTS: LONDON CHEMICAL
socxmy.
93
Mixed with aniorphous phosphorus and fuming hydriodic acid and heated, a compound C,, HI, C , was obtained. Dissolved i n KHO, a new dibasic acid, C,, H,, 0, was precipitated by addition of HCl. The silver and barium salts of this acid, were isolated and analyzed. These results appear to afford a strong argument in favor of Fittig’s formula for phenanthraoiiinone as against that of Graebe.
Note on the Preparation of Diphenylene-Ketone OxideW. €1. PERKIN.(XLIII, q. 35.) On heating salicylic acid with acetic aiihydride, and then distilling off the acetic acid and excem O f acetic anhydride, a mass was obtained which, by distillation, afforded an oily product, solidifying in the neck of the retort. On washing aiid purifying by recrystallization from alcohol, pale yellow needley (not, as had been anticipated of salicylic anhydride,) but of diplieii yleiie-ketoiie oxide C,3H602,were obtained.
c ........................ € 1 . 9 . .
....................
C~lculeted.
79.59 4.08
Found. 79.41 79.45 4.37 4.17
On Certain Brominated Carbon Conipounds Obtained in the Xlrtniiflrtctare of Bromine. S. DYSON.(XLIII, p. 36.) In
.
a liquor obtained as a by-product at the works of the North Britiah Cheniicnl Company, chlorobronioforni, as well as carbon tetrabromide ;ind bromoform were found. The presence of the first has not before been noted.
On Ethylene Chlorobromide, and some Compounds Obtained from it. J. W. J A m s . (XLIII, p. 37.) A silnimary of the principal results is given as follows : 1. In preparing ethylene chlorobroniide, by passing the gas into a solution of C1 Br., it is necessary, in order to obtain a pure product and good percentage, that the chlorine be passed into the bromine at a temperature of about O”, otherwise a substance is formed boiling eome 3 to 4 O higher than pure C211, CI. Br,, which is useless for the advantageous preparation of ethylene c4lorothiocyanate. 2. If an aqueous solution of ncnti-al sodium sulphite and ethylene chlorothiocynnate be brought together in direct sunlight, the sodium salt of a new acid, vix., ethylene-thiocyansulphuricacid, C,H,/ SO,H \SCN appears to be produced. 3. By passing ammonia into an ethereal solution of chlorethyl
!I4
ABSTRACTS: L O S D O X CIIEMIC'AJ. SOCIETY
siilphoiiic chloride, no amide is f o i m i , $ !: \ \ - i t 1 1 ethyl snlphonic chloride, liowevcr, the corresponding aiiiitl: i, easily obtained. 4. Uy the action of nentral sodium, siilpliite i i i aqneoris solution upon ethylene dibromide or chlorobrornide, isethioiinte of sodium is apparently produced, with evolution of SO,, in addition to the wellknown etliylciie-disulp~ionateof sodirini obtaiiied liy Strecker.
On the Condensation Products of Oenanthsldehgde. P a r t I. and 11. J\-. 11. PERKIS, JR. (XLIII, p. 45.) A review of the most iniportaiit researdies on this subject is first giveii, T h e principal prorlncts of the action of ICI-IC)on ocriantlialdcliyde are lieptoic and the aldehydes C I 4 H , ~ Oand C'2bH,o0. acid, t h e auiti. C,4€I,60,2, r . 1h e 1)rotlricts of tlic actioii o f IiAO, of nascciit hydrogen, &c., npon these derivatives and 111mri ccnantlialdehyde :ire described. A t the end of the lial'er R table of tlic clifferelit derivatives is given, as follo\vs : Formula.
CEnantl;aldehydc, ( ' ,TI3,:(), , , ~r ,I~ (T *( )I-r, c
y
C', 3H25C'II,20H,
Boiliug Point.
153-154' 2 7 7-2 7 9 :: 266-268" (ni. 1). 29.06) 280-2830
c-,2112;(~11.20€1,
2 $0-2 7.50 285-290" c' I I Is C",> 0 c,I1 0, ~ ~ , ~ l I , ; ~ ' I I , 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ I ')*1 ,3-'?800 30, 2 75-PS5 O ( ,IT,,~(,OOII, (at 250 rnin.) 300-3103 c I I,: ( 'OOI r, 310-3 15' ( ,'I I ( ), (at 300 min.) c.~.II~~, 330-340O (at 200 inin.) h
Sp. Gr. at 1 5 O
0.8231 0.S494
....
0.8520 0.5368 0.H G 80
0.8559
....
I ,
....
3 ,
',2
CT2.FI6,O3, (1 2 b % ~ 4 , (
72>IL~),,
0.8744
O.Sd31
330-3 40 (at 200 inin.) nielts at 52-53"
3 97-3000
....
....
....
l'he SI).Gr. at 30° and at 35" are : h o given.
On the Condensation Prodiicts of Isobutaldehyde, Obtained by Neans of Alcoholic Potash, W. H. PE:RKIX, JR. (XLILJ, 1'.
RCi).
The Ivodiicts obtained were as follows :
95
ABSTRACTS: LONDON CHEMICAL SOCIETY.
Formuls. Cl,H,,O, Cl A O , t?>
Boiling Point.
154-157'
Remarks.
1
190-2004 223-825O \Condensation products. 850-255" I 287-229" J (100 mm. pressure).
CZOH,SO, C,,H,,O, C21JH4S03
Alcohol (and acetate) produced by the action of nascent hydrogen
Cl,H,,O, ci,Hz~O~~~czH~o)~
Acetates produced By the action
C20H3704(C9H30)
C,,H3,0,(C,H,0),
~~~f~~~of acetic anhydride on C,,H,,O,. 217-223O
1 1
Produced by fiaponifying C,,H,, 04(C?H30)2'
Acid produced by the action of 245-.2550 potash on isobutaldehyde.
C12H,203
The Alkaloids of NUX Vomica, No. 11-On Brucine. W. A. SHENSTOKE. (XLIII, p. 101.) The results show that there is reason to think that brucine is a dimethoxyl derivative of strychnine. Brucine, heated with hydrochloric acid, gave amoiints of methyl chloride varying from 64.6 cc. to 90.2 cc. methyl chloride per granime of brucine. Prolonged heating at low temperatures gave the highest results. Dirnetlioxy strychnine would yield theoretically 113 cc. The Behavior of the Nitrogen of Coal during Destructive Distillation : with some Observations on the Estimation of Nitrogen in Coal and Coke. W. FOSTER.(XLIII, p. 105.) Experiments were made on a coal containing 1.73 per cent. of nitrogen. The most satisfactory results were obtained by combustion with copper oxide in vamp. In this case it was found advantageous to place the tube in an outer tube of wrought iron, just sufficiently wide and long enough to encircle the whole length of the highly heated part. Wide tubes with large quantities of copper oxide were found to serve best, Of 100 parts of the nitrogen in the coal, it was found that the distribution was as follows : h'itrogen of coal evolved as ammonia.. ........... 14.50 tl *(I (6 cyanogen. ............ 1.56 (L present in the coal gas in the elementary condition. .......................... 35.26 Nitrogen remaining behind in the coke.. . . . . . . . . 48.68 ((
-100.
Preliminary note on soine Diazo derivatives of nitrobenzyl cyanide. W.11. I’ERKIX. (ST,III, 1’. 1 I I . ~ , R y adding an aqueous solution of diazo i,elixene chloride to an alcoholic solution of nitro-benzyl cynanide freshly mixed with alcoholic potash, until the color bevarnc yellon-ish, ii 1)rou.n prccipitate was obtained, which on filtering. aiitl purifying h y re-crystallization from :~lcoholand acetic: acid, pi~oveilto be (.’,, I I : , S, 0,. ’ h e alcoholic solution gives a violet c t ~ l o rwit11 aIIialies, wIiicIi disal)pearcs with acids. It fuses at 201-2020. A aecoiiti body fusing at -is‘’f~’, probably orthonitro benzyl chloride \vas also o1)taiiieti i i i prt!l)aring the nitrobenzyl cyanide. The investigation is still i i i p r ~ g r w s .
Researches 011 the Induline Group. Part I.-().
S. W i t t and
E. G. P. Tiioaras. ( S L I I I , p. 112.) The “ intlitlineu” are defined as those colored compounds formed by the actioii of amidaxo compounds upon the h!-drochloridei; of aromatic ninines, with elimination of ammoilia. 111 stiiclying t h c action of amidazobenxene 011 aiiiliiic hyclrocliloide, tlir i.v-;ivtioii has been found t,o afford several different coloring mattcw varying in quantities ancl prol’erties, :tccoiding t o the teml)cratriiw :it which the llrocess n13y be conilitcted, and the rnan11er of i t . l‘lle following C i ~ I l I ~ J O l l i l were ~~S obtaiiiecl : Fovmu1:i.
1)esigutitioii.
Azt~plieninc,
It dcwribed by JIr. K.'l':dling, in lS74, contained :
On the Absorption of Weak Ileagents by Cotton, Silk and Wool. Ur E. J. MILLSand .T. Y'AKIJCISIC. (XLIII. p. 142.) The absorption of I€?SO, 11('1 a i i J h'aIIO were tried up011 these differcint tvxtrires. The ratio of a1)sorl)tion for cotton and silk are: C'otlon
H,SO, I1 ('1 SaHO
Silk.
1 1 1
Wool and silk resemble one another with NaHO but with tlie acic1.s the wool takes up much more. The resemblance between silk and cotton with these reagents is most marked, probably indicating a similarity in chemical composition betweeii the two.
ABSTRACTS: LOSDON CHEJIICAL SOCIETY.
99
On the Action of Chlorine on Certain Metals. R. Cowper. (XLIII, p. 1.53.) With perfectly dry chlorine gas no action was observed on Dutch metal, Zinc, Magnesium, and Sodium. Very slow action on Silver and Bismuth. Rapid action on Tin, Arsenic, Antimony and Mercury. With Potassium the action was very slow, a rich purple colored compound forming ; by heating to fusion the action w a S accelerated, but the metal did not take fire nntil heated considerably above the fusing point. Very minnte quantities of water determined the attack of almost all the above metals by the chlorine. Some Notes on Hydrated Ferric Oxide, and its Behavior with Hydrogen Sulphide. L. T. Wright. XLIII. p. 156. It was found impossible to obtain absolutely pnre ferric hydrate by precipitating ferric chloride with ammonia, some basic cliloride always remaining in the precipitate. Freshly precipitated ferric hydrate suspended in water on being saturated with hydrogen sulphide, turned black and then dissolved i n potassium cyanide, the reaction being: E'eS+GKCX=K,S
+ K,Fe(CN),
After washing and drying at 1OOQC.it did not exhibit the same phenomena. Ferric hydrate boiled with H,Y afforded some ferrous sulphate. Free sulphur always resulted from this reaction, when conducted in such a way as to imitate the action going on in gas purifiers. It appeared that 17 to 30 per cent. reacted thus : Fe,O,,H,O + 3H, S= 2FeS + S +4H,O and the remainder thus: Fe,O,,H,O +3H,S=fle,S,+ 4H,O.
Note on some Derivatives of Fluorene C,,H,,. W. R. Hodgkinson and F. E. Nattliews. (XLIII, p. 163) The coinpound used as a standing point was ortho fluorene, C,,Hl, melting at 113O. The main object was the preparauon of tluorol C,,H,,O. Tlie compounds made were : alpha dibromtlnorene melting at 165' C,?H,Br. Monobronifluorence C,,H,Br. melting at 101-102". Dibromodephenylene ketone C,,H, Br, 0, melting at 19s". Bromtlipheylene ketone, C,,H,BrO, melting at 104". The snlphonio acid, C,,H,SO,H. The barium salt of this acid containing 2H,O, and the cadmium salt containing 6H,O were analyzed.
On fusing tlic potassium sulphate with potasli illstead of tliioro1, triliydroxyplienol C,,)Ilo03 (melting at 204405') and diliydroxyphenol (',?II,,,O?;nlelting at 98') werc. obtained, tlit: metliglene group having I)evii split off. Alpha cliclilorotliiorene C~,,€I~Cl, melting a t IPS'' and its corresponding ketone melting at 158' were also obtailied, as well as C I 3 H,CI, melting x t 104". Alcoholic potash reacted witti t,liis last compound affording a red l m l y of the forniul L C~211:,C'12. T h e sill phoii ic acid cor i-esl)uncii ng to t lie a 1pli n. (1 i 1 romo fluor i ne were prepared (mcltiiig at 142") and tlic hxririni salt (('l:tH,Br2S03)2 123 mas axialyxecl.
O n nlplia-ethyl-valero lactone, alpha-ethyl-beta-methylvalero lactone, and on R Remarkable Decoiiiposition of beta-ethgl-acet.o-siicciiiicether. S. Yoling. (STXI, 1). 172). On the Constitiition of Nolecnlar Compoiinds. The Molecular Weight of basic Ferric Sulphate. Y. lr.Pickering ( X I J I I , , 1). 152). The experiments were conductecl b y means of ascertaining the unit of water rerriovablc. 'l'lie choice was between the foriiiula 2Fe20,S0, (nioleciilar weiglit 400) a i d 17e2(S0,)3,5Fe,0,, (moleciilnr mcigtit 1200.) The resnlts indicate that the latter formula Fez (SO,), , 5Fe,O, ,xH,,O) is niovt pi.ol)ably correct.
The Plienates of Amido Bases. R.8. Dale and C. Sc IIOELEM(Vol. SLIII., p. 185.) Rcd niirin was foiinrl t o be nothing but aurin coiitaining pararosaiiiliii. On dissolving equal molccu~r~s of aui.iIi and i.osaiiiliii i t i alcohol, and evaporating rosaniliii anririate \\ a b found t o remain. Anilin phenate C,TI.N.C,II,0 was obtaincd, fiibiiig a t 20.50 and boiling a t 184.5" (uiicorr.) 'l'liiq salt I\ ab f o u l i d t u be a powerful antiseptic. From an alkaline solution of aurin wllicli, though origitially red, had turned brown, tlic addition of an arid caiiqetl tlic scpamtion of di-osy-~)hciiyl-kctone C'O(
