contents
http://pubs.acs.org/ac ISSN 0003-2700
May 1, 2002 / Vol. 74, No. 9
features 252 A
COVER STORY
Scaling MS Plateaus with High-Resolution FT-ICRMS. Take the stairs to get to the top. This is the kind of thinking that has helped Alan Marshall, Christopher Hendrickson, and Stone Shi from Florida State University and GlaxoSmithKline “climb each step” of FTion cyclotron resonance MS to attain the resolving power necessary for acquiring greater information about molecules.
Water contents. 260 A
260 A
Analyzing Drinking Water for Disinfection Byproducts. Chlorine kills the microorganisms in municipal drinking water that can cause illnesses, but using this chemical can bring about some inadvertent side reactions and create associated health risks. Edward Urbansky and Matthew Magnuson at the U.S. EPA discuss how researchers have analyzed those byproducts and dealt with alternate strategies in the past 25 years.
268 A
Through the Looking Glass: Surveying the Undergraduate Quantitative Analysis Course. This first-ever survey shows that U.S. students and faculty are changing the way that they view and approach analytical chemistry. Patricia Ann Mabrouk at Northeastern University details the results of the nationwide survey she conducted.
news 239 A
AnalyticalCurrents DNA arrays without amplification. a Revealing fragile ganglioside structures. a Is it a fossil or not? a Dip-pen is mighty for protein arrays. a Green light for microfluidic sensor. a Clear, but not clean water. a Palladium replaces silver in SNOM/SERS. a H/D exchange comes to proteomics. a CE finds true variety among cells. a Spectrally resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging. a Researchers “phocus” on new fluorescent indicators.
245 A
Research Profiles New waveguide method adds to spectroscopy toolbox. Invent the right tool for the job. a Multiplex MALDI method for gene expression. An alternative to PCR and microarrays. a New strategy for zeptomole detection. Microspheres team up with fiber optics to go low. a Taking some of the “guesswork” out of protein identification. Teaching databases to think for themselves.
Microbial fossils. 240 A
226 A
A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y / M A Y 1 , 2 0 0 2
contents
Faster, faster! 275 A
249 A
M eeting New s Big trouble for money launderers? a PCR clears up a blurry crime.
250 A
People Analytical chemists receive awards. a Remembering Michael Weaver.
departments 229 A
Editorial Academic Tenure = Freedom of Inquiry. Although changes are taking place, tenure continues to play an important role in academia.
A step up. 252 A
231 A
In AC Research
275 A
ProductReview The SEC Need for Speed. Laura DeFrancesco and Cheryl Harris find that size-exclusion chromatography must join the high-throughput revolution.
279 A
AC Educator Community-Based Projects in Analytical Chemistry Courses. Undergraduates usually doubt that course material applies beyond the next exam, but Thomas Wenzel of Bates College has strategies to bring chemistry home.
281 A
Books and Softw are David Klein takes a look at statistics for chemists in his VAMSTAT II software review.
College daze. 268 A
285 A
M eetings HPLC 2002 in Montréal.
287 A
New Products
1C
AC Research Contents
1933–2231
AC Research
2232
AuthorIndex
P
Inside fiber optics. 247 A
M A Y 1 , 2 0 0 2 / A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y
227 A
Analytical Chemistry (ISSN 0003-2700) is published semimonthly by
For single issues, back issues and volumes, and microform editions, call the number listed for subscription orders or write the
the American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Analytical Chemistry, Member & Subscriber Services, P.O. Box 3337, Columbus, OH 43210.
Microform & Back Issues Office at the Washington address. For quotes and information on bulk reprint orders, contact Cadmus Reprints at 888-257-2134 or 410-819-3995.
Copyright permission: The American Chemical Society holds copy-
Subscription orders may be charged to VISA, MasterCard, or AmEx.
right to all materials published in Analytical Chemistry unless otherwise noted. Reprographic copying beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act is allowed for a fee of $22.00 per article copy, paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC); 978-7508400. Reference ISSN 0003-2700 in your correspondence with CCC. A record of that code should accompany payment. Direct reprint permission requests to ACS Copyright Office, Publications Division, 1155 16th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036 (202-872-4368; fax 202-872-6060;
[email protected]). Registered names and trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Call toll free 800-333-9511 in the continental U.S. Send mail orders with payment for new and renewal subscriptions to American Chemical Society, P.O. Box 182426, Columbus, OH 43218-2426.
Analytical Chemistry is published in print and electronic format and may be published in other formats, methods, and technologies of distribution, now known or later developed. For all illustrations submitted to and used in Analytical Chemistry, it is understood that they may appear in other formats, methods, and technologies of distribution, including but not limited to reprints of the articles to which they apply.
Changes of address must include both old and new addresses with ZIP code and a recent mailing label. Send all address changes to Member & Subscriber Services at the ACS Columbus address. E-mail:
[email protected]. Please allow 6 weeks for change to become effective. Claims for missing issues will not be allowed if loss was due to failure of notice of change of address to be received in the time specified; if claim is dated (a) North America—more than 90 days beyond issue date, (b) all other foreign—more than 180 days beyond issue date. Hard copy claims are handled at the ACS Columbus address. Instructions for authors of AC Research and guidelines for A-page
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): The DOI identification system
features are published in the Jan. 1 issue, p 309, or can be obtained from the Analytical Chemistry home page (http://pubs.acs.org/ac). Please consult these instructions prior to submitting a manuscript for consideration for publication.
for digital media has been designed to provide persistent and reliable identification of digital objects. Information on the DOI and its governing body, the International DOI Foundation, can be found at http://www.doi.org. In the print editions, the DOI appears on the bottom of the first page; in Web editions of ACS journals, the DOI appears at the top of the HTML version of an article and at the bottom of the first page in the PDF version. Include the DOI in all document requests.
Manuscripts for publication in AC Research (4 copies of text and illustrative material) should be submitted to the Editor at the University of North Carolina address. Please include a signed copyright status form; a copy of this document appears on p 316 of the Jan. 1 issue. Manuscripts for publication in the A-page section should be submitted to the Washington editorial staff.
Document delivery: Individual articles appearing in ACS Web editions (which extend back to January 1996) and articles posted electronically as Articles ASAP can be purchased directly on the Web with VISA, MasterCard, or AMEX. Go to http://pubs.acs.org/ac and click on Articles on Command. Purchased articles will be delivered as a PDF file. Articles are also available from Chemical Abstracts Service’s Document Detective Service. For information, contact CAS by phone (800-678-4337), fax (617-447-3648), e-mail (
[email protected]), or at http://www.cas.org. 2002 print subscription rates include air delivery outside the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Canadian subscriptions are subject to 7% GST (GST Reg. No. 127571347). Subscriptions sent to Maryland (5%), District of Columbia (5.75%), and California are subject to applicable sales taxes. Members may share/donate their personal subscriptions with/to libraries and the like but only after 5 years from publication.
Supporting information (SI) is noted in the table of contents with a I . SI is available free of charge via the Internet (http://pubs.acs.org/ac). For information on electronic access, send e-mail to
[email protected] or call 202-872-6333.
The ACS and its editors assume no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors. Views expressed in the editorials are those of the editors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the ACS. All URLs were accessed and accurate while this issue was in production. Journal publications: American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd., P.O. Box 3330, Columbus, OH 43210 (614-447-3665, ext. 3171; fax 614-447-3745;
[email protected]).
Nonmember rates in Japan: Nonmember subscribers in Japan
Member & subscriber services: American Chemical Society, P.O. Box 3337, Columbus, OH 43210 (614-447-3776; 800-333-9511).
must enter subscription orders with Maruzen Company Ltd., 3–10. Nihonbashi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103, Japan. Tel: (03) 272-7211. For multiyear and other rates, call toll free 800-333-9511.
Advertising management: Centcom, Ltd., 676 East Swedesford Rd., Suite 202, Wayne, PA 19087-1612 (610-964-8061).
2002 SUBSCRIPTION RATES
Print only United States Outside North America
Web access only Web combined with print Web combined with print outside North America
228 A
Members
Nonmember personal
$ 91 236
$ 244 389
Institution $ 1066 1211
Student $ 68 213
Members
Institution (1 Class C subnet)
$ 50 141
$ 1119 1279
$ 1759 2025
286
1424
2170
A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y / M A Y 1 , 2 0 0 2
Institution (Site license)
e d i to ri a l
Academic Tenure = Freedom of Inquiry T
here is a lot being written about academic tenure these days, identifying trends in the tenure system and challenges to its perceived flaws—just try a Web search on google.com under “academic tenure”! Particularly interesting is the Harvard Project on Faculty Appointments headed by Richard Chait (www.gse.harvard.edu/~hpfa). There are indeed changes taking place. If you include community colleges, for-profit professional and distance-learning colleges, and part-time positions, roughly half of the overall faculty being hired in the United States are destined for tenure track positions. Cost is a major factor in this trend. In the sciences, tenured faculty are expensive; institutional expectations of good research carry a serious infrastructure overhead (equipment, space). To handle growing student enrollments or ameliorate the overcrowding of research laboratories, departments may elect to hire fixed-term faculty to handle the instructional load of undergraduate laboratories and introductory courses. Fixedterm faculty are less expensive; the marketplace for these instructors is less competitive than that for top young researchers. In Japan, the lack of academic mobility has been touted as a reason to support a reform that favors fixed-term contracts (Science 2002, 295, 1621–1622). (I find this argument strange given the high level of mobility in the United States.) In addition, many universities are using a system of periodic post-tenure review evaluations, which seek to improve the performance of underachieving faculty. Underneath all these changes, however, the core concept of academic tenure continues at colleges and universities, especially those with both research and teaching missions. Tenure is awarded to young teachers and scholars after a rigorous, many-year period of evaluation during which they demonstrate
the desired blend of accomplishment and future promise. Tenure is a vitally important concept because it protects the freedom of academic thinking and inquiry. Daily in our societies, we witness groups opposed—on the basis of moral, religious, or political grounds—to many forms of inquiry (in the sciences, for example, toward stem cell research). Without tenure, it is not hard to imagine elected and other officials attempting to dismiss faculty who “ask the wrong questions.” Further, faculty are an important source of “quality control” for institutional administrators, because “when the Dean messes up,” faculty can complain and scream without fearing for their jobs. This feedback mechanism is seldom discussed, but I have witnessed its effectiveness on many occasions. But tenure also brings important responsibilities and obligations to professors. They should engage in creative ideas and experiments, compete effectively for grants that support their creative endeavors, teach their students and fertilize their creative abilities, provide service to the professional organizations of their discipline, and finally be good role models for their students and ambassadors for their institutions. Tenured faculty in the sciences are also subject to many forces outside their institutions. Tenure does not, for example, give an individual the right to publish unsupported interpretations in Analytical Chemistry, win an NSF grant, or be awarded a patent. Winning academic tenure is hard work, but hard work for the overwhelming majority of science faculty becomes a lifetime habit. It is the freedom of inquiry that makes hard work fun.
M A Y 1 , 2 0 0 2 / A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y
229 A
EDITOR Royce W. Murray University of North Carolina
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Daniel W. Armstrong
Robert A. Osteryoung
Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory
North Carolina State University
Catherine C. Fenselau
John R. Yates
University of Maryland
Scripps Research Institute
Reinhard Niessner
Edward S. Yeung
Technische Universität München (Germany)
Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory
EDITORIAL HEADQUARTERS Research Section Department of Chemistry Venable and Kenan Laboratories University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290 Phone: 919-962-2541; Fax: 919-962-2542; E-mail:
[email protected] A-Page Section 1155 16th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Phone: 202-872-4570 Fax: 202-872-4574; E-mail:
[email protected] Managing Editor: Alan R. Newman Senior Associate Editors: Felicia Wach, Elizabeth Zubritsky Associate Editors: Judith Handley, Cheryl M. Harris Assistant Editors: Rachel Petkewich, Wilder Damian Smith Web Editor: Christine Brennan Web Assistants: Alex Kim, Elizabeth Rozanskas Contributing Editors: Laura Ruth, James Smith, Marcia Vogel, Thomas J. Wenzel Manager, Copyediting: Elizabeth Wood Senior Associate Copy Editor: Doug Roemer Creative Director, Publishing & Creative Services: Julie Farrar Art Director: Sean Kennedy Manager, Production & Imaging: Vincent L. Parker Senior Digital Production Associate: Yang H. Ku
Research Section Staff
Advertising Management
Journals Editing Manager: Debora A. Bittaker Journals Associate Editor: Lorraine Gibb Journals Assistant Editor: Priscilla J. Petzinger Journals Production Associate: Patricia A. Saggio
President: James A. Byrne Director of Marketing: Laurence J. Doyle Advertising Sales Manager: Dean A. Baldwin Advertising Production Manager: John Pearce
Editorial Advisory Board
Steve Weber
Hubert Girault
University of Pittsburgh
John Frenz
William B. Whitten
Genentech, Inc.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
Manfred Grasserbauer
R. Mark Wightman
Yves Guillaume
Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium)
University of North Carolina
University of Franche-Comté (France)
Totaro Imasaka
Ex-Officio Member
Niels Heegaard
Kyushu University (Japan)
Catherine Fenselau
Michelle Kelly
University of Maryland
Statens Serum Institut (Denmark)
Steve Hofstadler
Pfizer Global R&D
Isis Pharmaceuticals
DuPont
A-Page Advisory Panel
Ira Levin
Michael Angel
University of California–Los Angeles
National Institutes of Health
University of South Carolina
Sharon Neal
Laurie Locascio
Edgar Arriaga
University of Delaware
National Institute of Standards and Technology
University of Minnesota
Carol Nilsson
Tibor Braun
Göteborg University (Sweden)
Richard McCreery
Eötvös University (Hungary)
Kimberly Prather
Ohio State University
Sylvia Daunert
University of California–San Diego
Victoria McGuffin
University of Kentucky
Carol Robinson
Michigan State University
Dermot Diamond
Oxford University (U.K.)
Susan Olesik
Dublin City University (Ireland)
Peter Roepstorff
Ohio State University
Francesco Dondi
Janusz Pawliszyn
University of Ferrara (Italy)
University of Southern Denmark–Odense
University of Waterloo (Canada)
Robert Dunn
Zbigniew Stojek
Richard Sacks
University of Kansas
University of Warsaw (Poland)
University of Michigan
John Fetzer
Douglas Westerlund
Peter Schoenmakers
Chevron Research and Technology
Uppsala University (Sweden)
University of Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Klaus-Dieter Franz
Barbara Larsen
Rachel Loo
Merck KGaA (Germany)
Publications Division Director: Robert D. Bovenschulte Director, Publishing Operations: Mary E. Scanlan Director, Special Publications: Mary Warner Assistant Director, Publishing & Creative Services: Bill Succolosky Senior Marketing Manager: Scott Nathan
