AWARDS I
ACS 1996 National Award Winners ollowing is the second group of So far, the team has been granted 12 vignettes of recipients of awards patents related to the EHC device. The Corning EHC is the first catalytadministered by the American Chemical Society. Winners will receive ic converter to combine an extruded their awards during the 211th ACS na- metal substrate with a catalyzed ceramtional meeting in New Orleans, with the ic substrate in a single emissionsexception of the Cope Medalist and the control system. Using a 12-volt battery, Cope Scholars, who will receive their and with no preheating, the EHC awards at the 212th ACS national meet- reaches a temperature of 400 °C in five ing in Orlando, Fla., during the Arthur seconds, quickly initiating the catalytic C. Cope Symposium. The awards in New reaction. Energy added to the exhaust Orleans will be presented at a banquet on from the EHC is then transferred to the main catalytic converter to begin conTuesday, March 26. Vignettes of the remaining awardees willversion of cold-start emissions. appear in successive January and February Manufacturing issues concerned the team from the start of EHC product deissues of C&EN. velopment. The goal was to ensure that the final product was "manufacturing friendly/' Corning says. The team was ACS Award for Team able to develop a flexible production Innovation process, one that facilitates the production of a wide range of component Sponsored by ACS Corporation Associatestypes. In addition, the production layThe winning team from Corning Inc.— out allows manufacturing of protoRAJA WUSIRIKA, DAVID F. THOMP- type parts and both small and large SON, BRIAN E. STUTTS, SATISH K. production volumes. Manufacturing DUGGAL, and THOMAS R. HIN- played a crucial role in the production MAN—has been described as an out- of EHC prototypes needed for customstanding example of industry responding er testing. to the challenge of improving the enviMarketing was also a component of ronment. Specifically, the team's devel- the Corning development team. Team opment of an electrically heated catalyst members in marketing worked with (EHC) is designed to help reduce auto- auto industry customers to identify their motive atmospheric pollutants. product objectives for size, power, emisThe Corning EHC reduces "cold- sions performance, and durability. In adstart" emissions of unburnt hydrocar- dition, marketing and product developbons, carbon monoxide, and unreduced ment team members worked with offinitrous oxide during the first two min- cials at regulatory agencies, such as the utes of an automobile's operation, when Environmental Protection Agency, to most pollutants are emitted unchecked. better understand their requirements. The device should help automakers Wusirika, a senior research associate meet low-emission and ultra-low- at Corning, holds a Ph.D. degree in maemission vehicle regulations scheduled terials science from the University of to take effect in the 1997 model year. The Utah, Salt Lake City. Thompson holds EHC is currently being sold for use in bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degrees test fleets of automobiles. in ceramic engineering from Ohio State To develop EHC, the Corning team University, Columbus, and is a Corncontributed to development of a new al- ing senior development associate. loy with properties of oxidation resis- Stutts is manager of EHC manufacturtance, sinterability, mechanical strength, ing process development. He holds a and electrical resistivity. The team also bachelor's degree in chemical engineerdeveloped a new process—a powdered ing from Michigan State University, metal, cold-extrusion process followed East Lansing, and a Ph.D. degree in by inert gas sintering—and a slotted chemical engineering from Purdue metal honeycomb for catalyst heating. University, West Lafayette, Ind. Dug-
F
gal, project manager for EHC, holds a master's degree in mechanical engineering and an M.B.A. degree, both from the State University of New York, Buffalo. Hinman, EHC program director, holds a bachelor's degree in ceramic engineering from Alfred University College in New York and an M.B.A. degree from Dartmouth College.
ACS Award in Applied Polymer Science Sponsored by Phillips Petroleum Co. JEAN M. J. FRECHET 'has made outstanding contributions to synthetic polymer chemistry that incorporate novel structures for the solution of practical problems," notes one colleague. His main areas of activity have been the design and study of functional polymers including polymersupported organic chemistry, polymers with unusual architectures, polymers for electronics, and most recently, polymeric separation media. Fréchet was born in France and graduated as a chemist and chemical engineer from the Institute for Industrial Chemistry & Physics, Lyons, in 1967. In 1971, working under Conrad Schuerch, he received a Ph.D. degree from the State University of New York, College of Environmental Sciences & Forestry. In 1987, after 15 years on the faculty of the University of Ottawa, he moved to Cornell University, where he is now professor of chemistry. Fréchet's early work in the 1970s focused on the design and synthesis of polymers for heterogeneous organic synthesis. The numerous methods he developed for the preparation of functional polymers—through phasetransfer catalysis and metalation reactions, for example—are still in use today. In 1979, working with C. Grant Willson at IBM's newly formed microlithography research group, Fréchet developed the chemical amplification concept in resist imaging. In this process, radiation is used to generate a catJANUARY 15,1996 C&EN
29
AWARDS
alyst within a polymer thin film, allowing its facile modification in a subsequent thermal step. The technique has since been commercialized and continues to have a direct impact on the miniaturization of electronic devices. Fréchet has also pioneered a new "convergent" approach to globular synthetic polymers that, unlike proteins, owe their shape to their highly branched architecture. The convergent route to such dendritic polymers—developed with postdoctoral associate Craig Hawker—is uniquely versatile, allowing the precise placement of functional groups at any location within the dendrimers. The approach has potential applications in, for example, coatings and additives, biological mimics, drug delivery systems, and electronic devices. Another approach to highly ordered structures developed by Fréchet is the self-assembly of complex liquid crystalline polymers from simple polymeric hydrogen-bonded donor and small molecular hydrogen-bonded acceptor moieties. The combination of the two components, coupled to the geometry of the hydrogen bond, provides for the spontaneous formation of rodlike liquid crystalline structures. Fréchet has also worked on new types of separation media based on functional polymers that can be chemically tuned for the very rapid yet highly specific separation and recognition of a variety of molecules. For example, working with research associate Frantisek Svec, he has devised a "continuous rod" column that is essentially a single molded piece of porous material containing both large channels for mass transfer and small pores for separation chemistry. These columns are much simpler to prepare compared with the classical columns filled with packed macroporous beads that are used in high-performance liquid chromatography. Fréchet ' s research has been reported in more than 300 scientific publications. Many of the practical technological applications of his work have been documented in 30 patents. His previous awards include the Division of Polymeric Materials7 Cooperative Research Award in Polymer Science in 1994 and its Arthur K. Doolittle Award in 1986. He is a member of editorial advisory boards for several journals including Accounts of Chemcial Research, the Journal of Polymer Science, and Chemistry of Materials. 30
JANUARY 15,1996 C&EN
Fréchet
Calundann
ACS Award in Industrial Chemistry Sponsored by Akzo Chemicals
GORDON CALUNDANN, director of technology assessment at Hoechst Celanese has made major contributions to the development of commercial thermoplastic resins and high-performance fibers. During his early research career, he invented the initial members of a unique family of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers, now commercialized worldwide under the trade names Vectra and Vectran. Vectra liquid crystal polymers, manufactured by the Hoechst Group technical plastics division, are used as thermoplastic resins for a broad range of electronic, medical, and engineering applications. Today, Vectra has the greatest world market share among the liquid crystalline polymers, and production is growing at 30% a year. A new Vectra plant in Fuji City, Japan, was scheduled to open in late 1995. Vectran high-performance fibers are made by Hoechst Celanese and by Kuraray Co. of Japan. Calundann holds more than 50 U.S. patents and has published at least 17 papers and book chapters in the field of high-performance liquid crystalline polymers. For more than 16 years, he did research on the technology in several capacities at Hoechst Celanese, and his work helped stimulate academic activity on these polymers. This body of academic research has led to an increased understanding of polymer structure-property relationships—basic knowledge that has benefited the polymer industry beyond the field of liquid crystalline polymers. Over his long career, Calundann has
Lunsford
received a number of honors. In 1991, he was inducted into the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame at the New Jersey Institute of Technology—an accolade bestowed on 10 New Jersey inventors a year. In 1995, Hoechst Celanese gave him the L. Starr Award for technology leading to the commercialization of Vectra and Vectran. In 1990, he was chairman of the Gordon Research Conference on liquid crystalline polymers. Calundann completed undergraduate work in chemistry at Wagner College, Staten Island, N.Y., and in 1966 received a Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. He has been employed by Hoechst Celanese for 29 years. For 23 of those years, he has held a variety of positions—research and managerial—at the Mitchell Technical Center in Summit, N.J. From 1992 to 1994, Calundann was on foreign assignment at the central laboratories of Hoechst A.G., Frankfurt, Germany, as research manager of the structural polymers group. Upon his return to Hoechst Celanese in 1994, he was appointed director of technology assessment for the advanced technology group in Summit.
ACS Award in Petroleum Chemistry JACK H. LUNSFORD, professor of chemistry at Texas A&M University, is honored for numerous major contributions to the field of catalysis, the development of novel zeolites, and the application of modern instrumentation to the study of surfaces and structures. One of Lunsford's many contributions to catalytic chemistry is the pioneering investigation of metal-containing structures in the cages of zeolites.
NOx adsorbates on solid catalysts. This work eventually aided in development of the idea of using methane to reduce NO in gas streams. Another early research topic was the hydrogénation of CO to methane and methyl alcohol over palladium and ruthenium catalysts adsorbed on oxides and zeolites. Lunsford has been a Chandler McDertnott consultant with several This work led, among other things, to major petroleum and petrochemical the term "ship-in-a-bottle" synthesis, a companies. He is also active in ACS technique now commonly used in the and the North American Catalysis Somanufacture of catalysts and semicon- ciety, and he has chaired the Gordon Conference on Catalysis. He serves on ductor materials. Lunsford has also pioneered the in- several editorial boardsand has revestigation of the nature of acidity and ceived numerous professional and acacatalytic sites in zeolites. His work led demic awards. to the demonstration of the importance of extra-framework aluminum to the properties of the zeolites. This work involved the use of nuclear magnetic res- ACS Award in Pure onance, infrared spectroscopy, and a Chemistry catalytic probe reaction. The techniques were unique at the time but since have Sponsored by Alpha Chi Sigma Fraternity become widely used. Considered by colleagues to be a talentLunsford's most recent work has fo- ed and productive young researcher, cused on the problems of selectively ac- ANN E. McDERMOTT already has tivating C—H bonds in alkanes, particu- made an impact on the application of larly methane. He was among the first spectroscopic methods to the study of investigators to develop oxide catalysts biological systems. Her work, as demonfor the oxidative coupling of methane to strated by about 40 publications, focuses ethane and ethylene—both reactions of primarily on using solid-state nuclear great potential importance to the petro- magnetic resonance (NMR) to probe the chemical industry. Work in oxidative chemical mechanisms of proteins. The coupling of methane is now being car- detailed mechanisms she has investigatried out around the world. The objective ed include hydrogen bonding and conis the direct, economical conversion of formational strain and dynamics. natural gas to higher hydrocarbons. McDermott has used NMR spectrosLunsford's work was of great funda- copy—as well as electron paramagnetmental importance in elucidating the ic resonance, extended X-ray absorpsurface and structural features of cou- tion fine structure, and X-ray crystalpling catalysts by employing a variety lography—to study biological systems of instrumental techniques ranging ranging from photosystem reaction from electron spin resonance to isoto- centers, bacteriorhodopsin, peptides pic labeling. His rigorous approach to a and proteins, paramagnetic solids, and fundamental understanding of the cou- drug-binding sites and receptors. Acpled surface and gas-phase reactions cording to one colleague, she has "the identified the nature of the surface ability to combine physical chemistry— structure and reactivity involving sites theory and experimental—of novel solsuch as the [Li+0~] on MgO, the forma- id-state NMR with an understanding tion of methyl radicals by abstraction of important problems in biochemistry of hydrogen from methane, and reac- and biophysics." tions such as the dimerization of methIn her four-and-one-half years on the yl radicals to form ethane. faculty of Columbia University, associEarlier in his career, Lunsford actively ate professor McDermott has develinvestigated the catalytic chemistry of oped rotational resonance NMR tech-
niques for determining dihedral angles in dilute solid-state materials. In model systems, she has demonstrated the application of this technique to the study of substrate distortions in enzyme binding sites. Her research group has also developed methods for characterizing hydrogen bonding and for measuring conformational dynamics in these catalytic sites in order to understand reactivities. In other work, McDermott has studied the dynamic nuclear polarization of photosystem reaction centers in the solid state. The nuclear polarization, in this case of an 15N-labeled center, is induced through a photochemical reaction. A resulting polarized NMR signal then serves as a footprint of the nuclear environment and provides insight into the efficiency and selectivity of charge separation in photosynthesis. McDermott received a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1981 from Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, Calif., and a Ph.D. degree in chemistry in 1987 from the University of California, Berkeley. Her postdoctoral experience includes working with Robert G. Griffin at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1988 and 1989, and with Fred Opperdoes at Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, in 1990 and 1991. Currently, she is an Alfred P. Sloan research fellow. McDermott was a Cottrell Scholar in 1994 and a DuPont Young Investigator in 1992.
ACS Award in Theoretical Chemistry Sponsored by IBM Corp.
For the past quarter-century, DAVID CHANDLER has made leading contributions to understanding the equilibrium properties and dynamic behavior of liquids. His work has evolved from that of explaining structures of simple liquids to work calculating the dynamics of electron transfer during photosynthesis. At the start of his career, Chandler developed the Weeks-ChandlerAndersen theory with fellow postdoctoral student John Weeks at the University of California, San Diego, and chemistry professor Hans Andersen at Stanford University. The theory is a rigorously derived equation of state for liquids that explains the structures of simple liquids, such as argon and JANUARY 15, 1996 C&EN
31
AWARDS
from Harvard University. bonds by transition-metal ions and the After a postdoctoral year mechanism of fullerene formation by as at the University of Cali sembly of intermediate structures from fornia, San Diego, he atomic carbon. One tool he fashioned to joined the chemistry fac accomplish all of these feats is what he ulty at the University of calls "ion chromatography.,, Illinois, Urbana-ChamBut this is an ion chromatography paign, where he stayed one won't yet find at an instrument until 1983. In that year, show. The analytes are polyatomic ions he moved to the Univer accelerated through a chamber. The sity of Pennsylvania, and • "stationary phase" is a few millimeters three years later moved pressure of helium gas. The ions are to the University of Cali- sorted out over time by their relative An(l0 fornia, Berkeley, where cross sections of collisions with helium Bowers atoms, and they show up as separated he has remained. In 1995, Chandler's parade of ac peaks as they pass into a mass spec methane, according to packing forces of molecules, which arrange the mole complishments earned him election to trometer. Moreover, by comparing both the National Academy of Scienc these ions' mobilities passing through cules like so many billiard balls. Chandler next increased understand es and the American Academy of Arts helium with calculated mobilities for ing of liquids of complex molecules, & Sciences. Previously, he won ACS's candidate structures, Bowers can iden such as benzene, carbon disulfide, and Joel Henry Hildebrand Award in the tify the ions by chemical species. acetonitrile. For these molecules, there Theoretical & Experimental Chemistry One study of activation of σ-bonds is are two orders of distances to be accom of Liquids. reaction of Ti+ ions with methane. modated in packing—the interatomic Chandler is a past vice chairman, Bowers identifies the end product as distances of chemical bonds and the in- chairman, and alternate councilor of (Ti=CH2)+ according to its mobility. termolecular distances dictated by van the ACS Division of Physical Chemis His ion chomatographic method is so der Waals radii. Chandler's solution— try. In addition to his ACS member sensitive that Bowers detects a change the reference interaction site model—so ship, Chandler is an elected fellow of in the electron configuration of titani successfully tackles the packing problem both the American Association for the um in an intermediate Ti(CH4)3+ spe that chemists can use it to calculate Advancement of Science and the cies from 4sa3d2 to 4s°3d3. This is made structures of polymer melts. possible by a compaction of the ion size American Physical Society. by loss of repulsion of the 4s-electron, With graduate student Lawrence with the result that the ion mobility Pratt at the University of Illinois, Urbaincreases. na-Champaign, Chandler developed Frank H. Field & Joe L. the Pratt-Chandler theory of hydropho In his fullerene work, Bowers atom bic effects. The theory states that, when Franklin Award for izes and ionizes perchloro derivatives a substance like methane dissolves in Outstanding Achievement in of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons water, the usual arrangement of hydro Mass Spectrometry to form C n + ions. As the number of gen bonds among water molecules carbon atoms increases, he sees a pro must change in order to "get around" Sponsored by Extrel FTMS gression from linear to monocyclic to and not "go through" the methane bicyclic to polycyclic species on the molecules. Moreover, when methane MICHAEL T. BOWERS' career in mass way to building up the fullerene cluster molecules approach one another, there spectrometry has been a steady stream structure. is a certain optimum distance they of "firsts." His group was first to deter Bowers received a bachelor's degree keep to avoid an overstrained network mine gas-phase basicities of organic in chemistry from Gonzaga University of hydrogen bonds in the water. compounds. Measured in a series of in his native Spokane, Wash., in 1962, Chandler joined statistical mechanics competitive proton transfers between and master's and doctoral degrees in to quantum theory to calculate kinetics pairs of compounds whose molecules physical chemistry at the University of in liquids in work with fellow chemis equilibrated while hurtling down the Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in 1964 try professor William Miller at the Uni barrel of a mass spectrometer, these val and 1966. After two years in the U.S. versity of California, Berkeley, and ues led organic chemists to reevaluate Army, assigned to the Jet Propulsion their joint postdoctoral student, Grego the roles of intrinsic molecular proper Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., Bowers joined the chemistry faculty at the Uni ry Voth. The team extended to the ties versus those of solvent effects. quantum realm Chandler's classical The group was also the first to make versity of California, Santa Barbara, theories of chemical equilibrium and and observe such even-numbered poly- where he has been ever since. Bowers kinetics. This is the transition-state the hydrogen ions as H4+ and H6+ postulat is editor of the International Journal of ory for intrinsically quantum mechani ed as intermediates in reactions of H 2 Mass Spectrometry & Ion Processes and cal processes, such as the transfers of and H+. Creatively, Bowers made H4+ an associate editor of the Journal of the electrons and protons. by collision-induced breakup of H 5 + American Chemical Society. In addition Chandler received a bachelor's degree rather than by building up from smaller to ACS membership, he was elected a in 1966 from Massachusetts Institute of units. Most recently, Bowers has worked fellow of the American Association for Technology, and a Ph.D. degree in 1969 on activation of C—H and C—C σ- the Advancement of Science in 1994. 32
JANUARY 15,1996 C&EN
AWARDS
Frederic Stanley Kipping Award in Silicon Chemistry Sponsored by Dow Corning Corp. During his career as an organosilicon chemist, WATARU ANDO, professor of chemistry at the University of Tsukuba, Japan, has developed novel chemical concepts that have taken him throughout the periodic table with imagination and skill. Ando is considered among the founders of the field of highly strained organosilicon chemistry. He not only has discovered many new reactive spe cies, but also determined their struc tures, reactivity patterns, and bonding patterns. Ando's work has provided a string of unprecedented results that stimulate and evaluate theory, as well as enabling practical technological ad vances in a field that melds chemistry and biological sciences. Ando's observation that siliconcarbon bonds are formed by 1,2 rear rangement of silyl carbenes opened a synthetic route to previously unknown compounds. Reaction of silicon compounds with chalcogens was the focus of another facet of Ando's research. He explored the mechanism of oxidation of Si-Si bonds with molecular oxygen and demonstrated that charge transfer, elec tron transfer, or singlet oxygen oxygen ation can all be involved. During this work, Ando discovered several new classes of silicon-chalcogen cage com pounds, including sesquichalcogenide, noradamantane, bisnoradamantane, and propellane-type structures. Ando applied his knowledge of pat terns of chemical reactivity and the structural diversity of active silicon compounds to buckminsterfullerene. He was able to react C60 with photochemically generated silylene, silarane, and cyclotetrasilane to yield adducts that could be isolated. His continuing interest in the chem istry of reactive organosilicon chemis try has resulted in the development of useful syntheses and information about strained molecules. Ando's studies also have provided insight into these subtle aspects of medium-sized organosilicon compounds. Trained as a physical organic chem ist, Ando received a master's degree from Illinois Institute of Technology in
1959 and a Ph.D. degree in 1963 from Osaka City University in Japan. He completed two postdoctoral fellow ships—one at the University of Cali fornia, Los Angeles, and the other at Princeton University. Ando became an associate professor of chemistry at Gunma University, Japan, in 1968, and in 1975, he joined the chemistry depart ment of the University of Tsukuba as a professor. Ando has served as associate editor of the International Journal of Phospho rus & Silicon and as an advisory board member for Organometallies, and he currently is an associate editor for the Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry.
He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Chemical Soci ety of Japan, the Kinki Chemical Soci ety, the International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry, the New York Academy of Sciences, the Society of Organic Synthesis, and the Society of Advanced Silicon & Related Materi als. Ando has received, among other awards, the German academic foreign exchange agency award (DAAD, 1987), the Argentine Organic Chemis try Award (1991), the Alexander von Humboldt Forschungs Award (for se nior Japanese scientists, 1992), and the Chemical Society of Japan Award (1995).
San Diego bestows three regional awards Three ACS western regional awards were given at the awards banquet of the Western Biotech Conference in San Diego on Oct. 19. The San Diego Dis tinguished Scientist Award was pre sented to Marjorie Caserio, the sec tion's Outstanding Service Award went to Suzanne Blackburn, and Rich ard Schwartz won the ACS Western Regional Award in High School Chem istry Teaching. Until August of 1995, Caserio was vice chancellor of academic affairs at the University of California, San Diego. Active in ACS throughout her career, she was honored for her productivity as a researcher, educator, author, and academic administrator. She is an or ganic chemist by training, with MA. and Ph.D. degrees from Pennsylvania's Bryn Mawr College. Caserio has taught organic chemistry and has coauthored four organic chem istry textbooks. As a researcher, she has published more than 70 research arti cles, primarily in the area of organic re action mechanisms. Specifically, her in terests have included elucidation of re action stereochemistry, mechanisms of organosulfur compounds, and the gasphase reactions of organic ions with neutral molecules. Blackburn, of the San Diego Air Pol lution Control District, has been a key member of the section's executive board since 1989. She is founding edi tor of The San Diego Chemist and pro duced the "50th Anniversary History Book" for the section in 1991. Black burn organized the 1993 and 1994 San Diego Biotech Expositions, the pro-
ceeds of which were turned over to the ACS Education Mini-Grant Program. Schwartz is a chemistry teacher at Torrance High School in Torrance, Calif. He holds a B.S. degree in chemistry from Arizona State University, Phoenix, and an M.S. degree in environmental sci ence from California State University, Dominquez Hills. He has taught chem istry and physics at Torrance High School since 1970. Π
Special recognition t o . . . Kashmiri L. Mittal was honored at the 1st International Congress on Adhesion Science & Technology in Amsterdam. Mittal was recognized for his exception al achievements, commitment, and ded ication to the advancement of adhesion science and technology. Mittal received a B.S. degree from In dia's Panjab University in 1964. He re ceived an M.S. degree at the Indian Insti tute of Technology, New Delhi in 1966, and a Ph.D. degree in colloid chemistry at the University of Southern California in 1970. Mittal has initiated, organized, and chaired many international symposia in many parts of the world. In addition, he has published many scientific research pa pers and edited 50 books in the areas of colloid chemistry, polymers, adhesion, and surface contamination and cleaning. He is also the founding editor of the internation al Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology, which under his editorship has grown to be a highly acclaimed publication. Until last year, Mittal was associated with IBM in New York. He now teaches courses on adhesion science and technol ogy at locales around the globe. JANUARY 15,1996 C&EN 33
