AWARDS
2015 ACS NATIONAL AWARD WINNERS Recipients are HONORED FOR CONTRIBUTIONS of major significance to chemistry EDITED BY SOPHIE L. ROVNER
some of the recipients of national awards administered by the American Chemical Society for 2015. C&EN will publish the remaining sets of vignettes over the next several weeks. A profile of Jacqueline K. Barton, the 2015 Priestley Medalist, will appear in the March 23 issue of C&EN along with her award address. Most of the award recipients will be honored at an awards ceremony that will be held on March 24 in conjunction with the spring ACS national meeting in Denver. However, the Arthur C. Cope Scholar awardees will be honored at the fall ACS national meeting in Boston, Aug. 16–20.
GABOR A. SOMORJAI AWARD FOR CREATIVE RESEARCH IN CATALYSIS Sponsored by the Gabor A. & Judith K. Somorjai Endowment Fund In addition to being a top-notch scientist, Maurice S. Brookhart, a chemistry professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “is a person of immense warmth and integrity,” says one of his colleagues. He is not only inventive, “he is also one of the most incisive scientists I know when it comes to mechanistic studies. He never ceases to amaze me with his ability to get the right answer, insofar as it can be known,” says another. Brookhart has made tremendous contributions to Brookhart the field of catalysis, including fundamental insights and the development of groundbreaking new systems, in areas of chemistry including cyclopropanation and alkane conversions, writes one
of his nominators. Early work concerned synthesis of metal carbene complexes and their use in asymmetric cyclopropanation of olefins. In the 1980s, Brookhart and Malcolm Green of Oxford University jointly recognized that direct metal coordination of a C–H bond in an alkyl ligand or alkane molecule can promote olefin insertion into a metal alkyl bond or mediate hydrocarbon C–H bond activation. The realization that this bonding mode was unexpectedly widespread led them to define this interaction as an agostic bond—a term now widely adopted within the organometallic community—and directed Brookhart and his group toward the design of new cobalt alkyl compounds that catalyze the living polymerization of ethylene, a precise version of the reaction. He then developed rhodium catalysts for the selective dimerization of acrylates and palladium catalysts for perfectly alternating olefin/carbon monoxide copolymerization, including isoselective versions that produce copolymers with main-chain chirality. Among Brookhart’s most important contributions are the discoveries of single-site olefin polymerization catalysts that produce new types of polymers from common monomers, including ethylene and propylene. He has played a major role in the invention of well-defined metal catalysts that are derived from discrete organotransition metal precursors. With these, polymer chemists may now predictably carry out the synthesis of completely new families of polyolefins that are revolutionary in their structures. Most recently, Brookhart and Alan Goldman of Rutgers University have developed LARS SAHL/UNC DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
THE FOLLOWING VIGNETTES highlight
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a tandem catalyst system for alkane metathesis that uses two catalysts: one for dehydrogenation/hydrogenation and another for olefin metathesis. The potential value for this work is vast, say colleagues, because it could help satisfy rapidly increasing global demand for high-molecular-weight alkanes for diesel and jet fuel. Brookhart, 72, received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1964 from Johns Hopkins University and a Ph.D. degree in physical organic chemistry in 1968 from the University of California, Los Angeles. After two postdoctoral fellowships, including a NATO postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Southampton, in England, in 1968, he became a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, in 1969. He has been with the university ever since and today is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Chemistry. He is a recipient of the ACS Chicago Section’s Willard Gibbs Medal (2010), ACS Awards in Polymer Chemistry (2003) and Organometallic Chemistry (1992), and an Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (1994) from ACS, among many other honors and distinctions. Brookhart will present his award address before the Division of Catalysis Science & Technology and the Division of Inorganic Chemistry.—WILLIAM SCHULZ
ACS AWARD FOR CREATIVE RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS OF IODINE CHEMISTRY Sponsored by SQM S.A. Karl O. Christe, a research professor at the
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California, has long been a hero of chemistry fans who love to see what kind of strange and seemingly impossible compounds can be created from the elements. One facet of Christe’s work to make unusual molecules that is now being singled out involves the synthesis of inorganic iodine compounds. “Karl Christe is one of the most imaginative and creative inorganic chemists of our times,” says George A. Olah, a USC colleague. “He has enriched chemistry in varied fields, including the discovery of many interesting, simple, and novel iodine compounds, for which he is receiving this most deserved prize.” For example, Christe and his coworkers have synthesized many binary iodine fluo-
AWARDS
ACS AWARD IN THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY Sponsored by ACS Mark S. Gordon, the Frances M. Craig
Chair and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Iowa State University, is a fixture in modern computational and theoretical chemistry. He’s known as one of the key developers of the powerful quantum chemistry software package GAMESS, as well as for numerous contributions to chemical theory itself. It’s his latter achievements, which include the advancement of the study of reaction mechanisms and spectra in condensed phases, that have earned him this most recent award. “Gordon has a rare ability to recognize important chemical problems, which he solves using novel ideas, linking rigorous numerical results to conceptual models accessible to all chemists,” says Piotr Piecuch, a professor of chemistry at Michigan State University. “His leadership and phenomenal productivity have made Iowa State University one of the world’s foremost theoretical chemistry centers.” As Piecuch explains, Gordon “chemical phenomena often occur in condensed phases,” so “the key challenge for quantum chemistry has been the development of affordable approaches that can accurately account for the effects CEN.ACS.ORG
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of environment on reaction mechanisms and spectra.” Gordon, 73, made inroads into this effort in the 1990s by developing the effective fragment potential methodology. This major theoretical advance allowed chemists to model solvent effects, dealing with multiple types of intermolecular interactions. Gordon expanded this methodology over the years to include even more complex systems, such as excited-state structures and dynamics. Gordon has tackled many other problems in his career, notes Thom H. Dunning Jr., codirector of the Northwest Institute for Advanced Computing and a chemistry professor at the University of Washington. “His research has provided new insights into the quantum mechanical description of the hydrogen bond, as well as the interaction of water with neutral molecules and anions and the collective interactions in aqueous solutions that give rise to the unique properties of liquid and solid water,” Dunning says. “This work, combined with the effective fragment potential (EFP) method developed in his group, has led to a better understanding of the impact of solvation on molecular properties, such as electronic excitation energies,” Dunning says. Gordon received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1963. He did his graduate work at Carnegie Mellon University under the late Nobelist John A. Pople, obtaining a Ph.D. in 1968. After a postdoc at Iowa State, Gordon began his first professorship at North Dakota State University in Fargo. He returned to Iowa in 1992, and he became a distinguished professor in 1998. He was also the director of the Applied Mathematical Sciences Program at Ames National Laboratory from 1997 to 2014. Gordon has published more than 560 papers with 36,000 citations. He has numerous awards under his belt, including the ACS Award for Computers in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Research in 2009. From 1993 to 1997, he was the vice chair-elect, vice chair, chair-elect, and chair of the Theoretical Chemistry Subdivision of the ACS Division of Physical Chemistry. COURTESY OF MARK GORDON
the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (1969). Preparing and characterizing Christe’s menagerie of iodine compounds has required a certain fearlessness and skill in the lab. Besides dueling with halogens, Christe is a renowned athlete, participating in fencing and bicycle racing. He is a former member of both the German and U.S. national fencing teams, and he is still active as a fencing coach. Christe will present his award address before the Division of Fluorine Chemistry.—STEVE RITTER JOERG SARBACH
rides, including IF2−, IF4−, IF4+, IF52−, IF6−, IF6+, IF8−, I2F11−, and I3F16−. Christe also discovered IF4O−, IF5O2−, IF5O22−, and IF6O−. With these compounds, Christe unveiled molecules reaching the limits of coordination, in several cases featuring unprecedented pentagonal planar and pentagonal bipyramidal structures. This work also revealed how to stepwise replace two fluorine atoms with an oxygen atom. With I(ClO4)3 and I(ClO4)4−, Christe discovered the first examples of iodine perchlorates. He also synthesized IF4OF and Christe IF4OCl, the first iodine hypofluorites and hypochlorites, as well as I2O6. Christe found that iodine fluorosulfate, ISO3F, can be added across olefinic double bonds to form iodoperfluorocarbon fluorosulfates. And he solved the long-standing problems of the fluxionality of IF7 and the steric activity of the free valence electron pair in halogen hexafluoride anions. The casual chemist might wonder what anyone would want to do with this zoo of iodine compounds. These molecules have many applications as explosives, propellants, and powerful oxidizing reagents—often in secret defense applications. “Karl has a deeper understanding of the nature of inorganic iodine compounds than anyone,” says David A. Dixon of the University of Alabama, a longtime collaborator. “Not only has he made novel compounds of fundamental scientific interest, he has applied them to fields such as high-energy-density materials and chemical lasers.” Christe received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the Technical University of Stuttgart, in Germany, in 1957, 1960, and 1961, respectively. Christe has spent most of his career working in industry, notably with defense contractors Rocketdyne (1967–94) and Raytheon, Hughes, and ERC (1994–2005). In 1994, he also joined the chemistry faculty at USC. Among his other honors, Christe is a recipient of the 2006 Alfred Stock Prize from the German Chemical Society, the ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry (2003) and Award for Creative Work in Fluorine Chemistry (1986), the international Prix Moissan for fluorine chemistry (2000), and the Apollo Achievement Award from
ACS NEWS
He is a fellow of ACS, the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. A special issue of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts in 2008 was dedicated to Gordon in honor of his 65th birthday. Gordon will present his award address before the Division of Physical Chemistry.—ELIZABETH WILSON
GEORGE & CHRISTINE SOSNOVSKY AWARD FOR CANCER RESEARCH Sponsored by the George & Christine Sosnovsky Endowment Fund
COURTESY OF CHRISTOPHER LEAMON
COURTESY OF PHILIP LOW
Thanks to the innovations of four researchers, women with ovarian cancer and other folate-receptor-positive cancers may find hope through folate-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents. Philip S. Low, the Ralph C. Corley Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and director of the Purdue University Center for Drug Discovery, together with Endocyte’s
Low COURTESY OF IONTCHO VLAHOV
COURTESY OF JOSEPH REDDY
Leamon
Reddy
Vlahov
scientific management team—Christopher P. Leamon, Joseph A. Reddy, and Iontcho R. Vlahov—are being recognized as pioneers in the development of novel tumortargeting technologies. More specifically, they demonstrated “the utility of a folic acid-conjugated drug and imaging agent to facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis of the folate conjugates by the corresponding folate-receptor-expressing cancer cells, with essentially the same uptake as the vitamin itself,” according to Timothy S. Zwier, head of Purdue’s chemistry department. “The team’s discovery of folate-targeted therapies represents a momentous paradigm shift in cancer therapy,” Zwier adds. Low, who is one of Endocyte’s founders and its current chief science officer, invented the technology and a related methodology that has allowed the first fluorescence-guided surgery on an ovarian cancer patient using a brightly fluorescent cancer cell “homing device.” Philip Low earned a B.S. degree in chemistry from Brigham Young University and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, San Diego. He is the author or coauthor of more than 350 published articles and has 50 active or pending patents, most in the area of ligand-targeted drug delivery. Chris Leamon, 49, who is currently vice president of research and development at Endocyte, became Low’s graduate student at Purdue in 1988 when Low was researching how plant cells internalize ligands, including elicitors, vitamins, and vitamin-linked proteins. After finding that some plant and animal cells would internalize biotin-linked proteins via their biotin receptors, he invited Leamon to explore similar pathways for other vitamins in animal cells. Within his first nine months in Low’s lab, Leamon says, “I had discovered a mechanism to ‘trick’ cells into endocytosing normally impermeable proteins by covalently attaching the vitamin folic acid to those proteins.” Unfortunately, it was his mother’s diagnosis of CEN.ACS.ORG
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advanced pancreatic cancer and her death just five months later at the age of 44 that had led Leamon to change his path as an undergrad from premed to chemistry. “Following her death I did some soul-searching, and to channel the energy of my anger more effectively, I decided that I no longer wanted to go to medical school. Instead, I changed my major to chemistry. I didn’t know it at the time, but what I wanted was to develop targeted medicine.” Leamon earned a B.S. degree in chemistry from Baldwin Wallace College, in Berea, Ohio, and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Purdue. After earning the Ph.D., Leamon worked for both Glaxo and Isis Pharmaceuticals before rejoining Low at Endocyte in 1999. Leamon says he is “proud to be receiving this award with my closest colleagues, Drs. Low, Vlahov, and Reddy, without whom this lifetime journey would be far less fulfilling.” In addition to spending valuable free time with his 19-year-old daughter and 12-year-old son, Leamon is a lover of rock music and a longtime drummer who picked up the guitar four years ago. During Joseph Reddy’s first semester in graduate school at Purdue in 1993, he attended a seminar that he says he “found to be most interesting.” The seminar was given by Low on his cancer-targeting research. After that, Reddy applied for and was accepted into Low’s lab, where he focused on delivering genes using viral and nonviral methods via the folate receptor pathway. Now, as director of pharmacology at Endocyte, Reddy deems that “selecting the very few molecules to be taken into the clinic after numerous preclinical studies was an excellent adventure.” Reddy is “absolutely thrilled and honored on being recognized with this award. My thoughts,” he says, “went to the first few times we realized that molecules such as EC1456, vintafolide, and some others were excellent anticancer drugs.” As the father of young children, Reddy enjoys spending most of his free time with them, playing softball in summer, and traveling when possible. Iontcho Vlahov, 60, is Endocyte’s vice president of discovery chemistry. He received a Diploma degree in organic chemistry from the University of Sofia, in Bulgaria, and earned a Ph.D. in synthetic organic and structural chemistry from Ruhr University, in Bochum, Germany. He has held positions with Ivax Corp. in Miami as head of discovery chemistry; as a visiting scientist at Hercules Inc.; and at universi-
AWARDS/MEETINGS
NAKANISHI PRIZE Sponsored by the Nakanishi Prize Endowment At an age when many researchers would be thinking about retirement, Fred W. McLafferty instead moved his research in a new direction. He had literally written the book— two, actually—on mass spectrometry of small molecules, “Interpretation of Mass Spectra” and “Tandem Mass Spectrometry,” both of which are considered classics. Many people would have been satisfied, but not McLafferty. Instead, in 1989, at the age of 66, he published his first paper on the use of Fourier transform MS to characterize biological macromolecules. That paper was
“the first of some 100 publications from his laboratory that establish MS as an important new technique for the characterization of biomolecules, especially proteins,” says Bruce Ganem, a chemistry professor at Cornell University and a colleague of McLafferty’s. “Fred modernizes his research program with each new decade,” says Neil L. Kelleher, a professor of chemistry, molecular biosciences, and medicine at Northwestern University, who was a graduate student with McLafferty in the 1990s. “During the 1990s, this meant coupling electro- McLafferty spray ionization with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Fred did not invent either approach, but he stitched them together, and this combination now stands as the highest performance instrument for interrogation of complex chemical and biological mixtures by mass spectrometry.” McLafferty’s group pioneered “top down” proteomics, in which proteins are introduced into a mass spectrometer without first being enzymatically digested into smaller pieces. The intact proteins can then be dissociated using various methods, including electron capture dissociation, which was invented in McLafferty’s lab. McLafferty’s career stretches over more than 70 years. He received B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry from the University of Nebraska in 1943 and 1947, respectively. He served in the U.S. Army in the European theater during World War II from 1943 to 1945. He earned a Ph.D. from Cornell in 1950 and did a stint as a postdoc at the University of Iowa. He worked for Dow Chemical as the head of MS and gas chromatography and was the founding director of Dow’s Eastern Research Laboratory, in Wayland, Mass. In 1964, he returned to academia, becoming a professor at Purdue University. In 1968, he moved to Cornell, where he continues at the age of 91 as a professor emeritus of chemistry. McLafferty has received many honors over the course of his career. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1982 and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1985. He received the ACS Awards in Chemical Instrumentation, Analytical Chemistry, and Mass Spectrometry. He has also received the Award for a Distinguished CEN.ACS.ORG
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Contribution in Mass Spectrometry from the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, the J. J. Thomson Gold Medal from the International Mass Spectrometry Society, the Robert Boyle Gold Medal from the Royal Society of Chemistry, the G. Natta Gold Medal from the Italian Chemical Society, the Torbern Bergman Medal from the Swedish Chemical Society, and the Lavoisier Medal from the French Chemical Society. McLafferty will present his award address before the Division of Analytical Chemistry.—CELIA ARNAUD COURTESY OF FRED MCLAFFERTY
ties including the University of Konstanz, in Germany, and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. His scientific activities are centered on the discovery and development of novel targeted chemotherapeutic agents. Vlahov says that as a youngster he believed he would become an architect. That changed, however, when he was drawn to a copy of Ernest Eliel’s “Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds” on his father’s desk. “Since that day,” he says, “I am still studying the architecture of molecules, and in my mind I always find parallels with art and music.” “Encouraged by the tremendous success of folate-targeted therapeutic and imaging agents,” says Peter T. Kissinger, a professor of biological chemistry at Purdue, the team has “developed unrelated tumor-targeting ligands for many other difficult-to-treat cancers and an unrelated drug that is specifically targeted to activated macrophages will be introduced into the clinic for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune pathologies where dire unmet medical needs exist.” Low adds that “we are extremely honored to receive this prestigious research award from the American Chemical Society. This recognition highlights our unique approach of using small-molecule targeting ligands to selectively deliver more potent therapeutic agents to a variety of tumor types, which we feel has the potential to provide an important treatment option for cancer patients.” The honorees will present their award address before the Division of Medicinal Chemistry.—ARLENE GOLDBERG-GIST
ACS AWARD FOR ENCOURAGING DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS INTO CAREERS IN THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES Sponsored by the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation Catherine Middlecamp isn’t a fan of the
word “disadvantaged.” Rather than helping chemistry students, she says, it puts a label on them that might be better reserved for failures by the educational system and larger community. A disadvantaged student “is a person who is taking chemistry because it connects to her hopes and dreams, and sometimes to her fears and worst nightmares,” says Middlecamp, 64. “And she has a story.” Students have been sharing their stories with Middlecamp since 1979, when she first started working in a chemistry tutorial program for minority students at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Since then, she has assisted hundreds of individual students and brought the issue of equal access to the attention of the larger chemistry community. “I do not know anyone else who has invested so much time, effort, emotion, compassion, and mentoring into disadvantaged students to guarantee that they are not only represented in the chemical sciences but are successful as well,” wrote Zafra Lerman, president of the Malta Conferences Foundation.
their presentations. That meant creating more small-group learning opportunities, linking chemistry concepts to larger societal issues, and eliminating curves in grading so all students who know the material could be successful. “Teach chemistry as if people and the planet matter,” she explains. As one of the editors-inchief of ACS’s Chemistry in Context project, which includes a textbook and workshops, Middlecamp worked to change artwork that showed women in passive roles and to add artwork that featured a wider range of skin colors and ages. “The author team made sure the pictures included everybody.” Changing the wider community is harder, she says, because people from diverse backgrounds need to see others like them. That could mean people from the same socioeconomic background or same minority group. “Everybody wins when we have more diversity in every sense of the word,” Middlecamp says. “We can’t afford to throw away any talent.” Middlecamp will present her award address before the Division of Chemical Education.—ANDREA WIDENER
NAS AWARDEES
and other tools to study small molecules. Thomas Dean Pollard, Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry; and professor of cell biology at Yale University, is the recipient of the $20,000 NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing, presented this year in the field of biochemistry. Pollard is being recognized for his many review articles describing the molecular mechanisms of the protein actin in cell motility and cell division. Bruce D. Roth, senior vice president of small-molecule drug discovery at Genentech, is the recipient of the $20,000 NAS Award for Chemistry in Service to Society. Roth is being honored for his contributions to discovering the blockbuster cholesterollowering drug atorvastatin, better known as Lipitor. Jonathan Weissman, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and professor of cellular and molecular pharmacology at
FIVE RESEARCHERS with ties to the
chemical sciences are among several individuals named recently by the National Academy of Sciences for their extraordinary achievements in the physical and life sciences. The winners will receive their awards during NAS’s annual meeting in April. Catherine G. Dulac, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and Higgins Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology at Harvard University, is the recipient of the $50,000 Pradel Research Award. She is being honored for her work on pheromone signaling in mammals. W. Carl Lineberger, E. U. Condon Distinguished Professor of Chemistry & Biochemistry at JILA at the University of Colorado, Boulder, is the recipient of the $15,000 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences. Lineberger is being honored for his work on developing negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy
COURTESY OF CATHERINE MIDDLECAMP
Middlecamp earned a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at Wisconsin in 1976. She taught at Hobart & William Smith Colleges in upstate New York for two years before it became clear that her husband would not find a job nearby. If he had, “I probably would have taught upper-middle-class kids for the rest of my life,” she says. The couple moved back to Wisconsin, where she took a job teaching in the Chemistry Tutorial Program for Minority/Disadvantaged Students, later renamed the Chemistry Learning Center. In 1989, she became the program’s director. “I didn’t start with diversity,” she says. “I started with the students.” Working with the students eventually led her to identify four areas that need- Middlecamp ed to change to lead to success: the student, the instructor, the course content, and the wider campus community. Middlecamp learned from her Chemistry Learning Center students what they needed at the same time they learned chemistry from her. “We created a space in which the students had a community and we all could learn from each other,” she says. In the classroom, she worked to encourage her colleagues to be more inclusive in
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the University of California, San Francisco, is the recipient of the inaugural NAS Award for Scientific Discovery, presented this year in the field of chemistry, biochemistry, or biophysics. Weissman is being honored for his work on ribosome profiling, a technique that uses specialized messenger RNA sequencing to determine which mRNAs are being actively translated. He will receive a $50,000 cash prize and $50,000 to support his research.—LINDA WANG
NORTHWEST REGIONAL MEETING CALL FOR PAPERS THE CALL FOR PAPERS for the 2015
Northwest Regional Meeting (NORM) of the American Chemical Society has been issued. The meeting will take place on June 21–25 at Idaho State University, in Pocatello. Details, including names and contact information for program and session chairs, can be found on the meeting website at norm2015.sites.acs.org. The final program summary will be published in C&EN in the spring; the online program will be available on May 25. NORM 2015 will offer an assortment of scientific and social and networking events, with a focus on chemistry to address future energy needs and other broad scientific problems. On the educational front, the meeting will provide a multitude of offerings in career advancement through the career fair and separate chemical education sessions including sessions for high school teachers. The Idaho State campus is centrally located with access to many venues for outdoor activities, including Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks and Craters of the Moon National Monument. Technical symposia for NORM 2015 include “Analytical Chemistry,” “Bioinformatics,” “Chemical Education,” “Chemometric Developments and Applications,” “Emerging Trends in Actinide and Lanthanide Separations,” “Inorganic Chemistry,” “Interfaces and Electrochemistry for Energy Applications and Beyond,” “Physical Chemistry,” and “Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis.” ACS’s Meeting Abstracts Programming System (MAPS) opens on Feb. 2 for abstracts. Please visit either the symposium website or MAPS at maps.acs.org to submit an abstract. Abstracts are due on April 13.
