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SciWords for E n v i r o n m e n t adds over 60,000 environmentrelated w o r d s to y o u r w o r d processor d i c t i o n a r y . These include pesticide, chemical, and trade names, systematic names of f l o r a , fauna and micro-organisms, names of cities, states, countries and rivers from a r o u n d the w o r l d , and environmentally-related acronyms (EPA, STORET, NEPA). SciWords works with your standard W o r d P e r f e c t , M i c r o Soft W o r d or A m i P r o d i c t i o n a r y , It integrates easily and is a c t i vated a u t o m a t i c a l l y every t i m e a spell check is requested. Available
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Summary R e m o t e s e n s i n g is t h e o n l y method available that can measure the HC a n d CO exhaust emission rates of large numbers of individual in-use vehicles. These measurements have helped focus attention on the problem of in-use emissions from malfunctioning and illegally altered vehicles. The method has a bright future as an aid in u n d e r standing in-use emissions, a monitor of p r o g r e s s in r e d u c i n g fleet emission rates, and as an IM and enforcement tool.
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Waste Manage. Assoc. 1993. 43. 1351. Glover. E. L.': Clemmens. \V. 13. "Identifying Excess Emitters with a Remote Sensing Device: A Preliminary Analys i s " : Society of Automotive Engineers. 1991: SAE 91KS72. (9) Lawson. D. R. /. Ait Waste Manage. Assoc. 1993. 43. 1507. (10) "Remote Sensing: A Supplemental Tool for Vehicle Emission Control"; U.S. E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n Agency. Emission Planning and Strategies Division: Ann Arbor. MI. 1993: Fact Sheet OMS-15. (11) Jack. M. "The RES-100: A New Instrument for Remote. High Speed Monitoring of Emissions from Moving Veh i c l e s " : Proceedings of the Third Annual CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop. Coordinating Research Council. Inc.: Atlanta. GA. 1993. (8)
Steven H. Cadle is a principal research scientist at the General Motors North American Operations R&D Center, where he manages the Vehicle Emissions Section of the Environmental Hesearch Department, lie received his B.A. degree in chemistry from the University of Colorado and his Ph.D. from the State University of New York at Buffalo. He currently serves on the CRC Air Pollution Research Advisory Committee, the Environmental Research Consortium Management Committee, the American Industry/Government Emissions Research CRADA management committee. and in the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program.
References
30-day List price: $70 money Member p r i c e : $70 Academic price: $70 I
drivers, w h o then slow down, gawk, or even speed u p to get past the site. Ultimately, it is desirable to have an integrated, stand-alone, unobtrusive package that can be secured by the road for unattended operation. Both improved HC sensitivity and NO measurement capability are under current study. At this time, the n u m b e r of high NO emitters is not k n o w n . Because the difference in concentration between high and low NO emitters is not expected to be as great as it is for CO or HC, discriminating between low and high NO emitters may be more difficult. T h u s , the utility of an NO channel remains unclear. Finally, research to develop practical methods for remotely measuring exhaust gas temperature and vehicle acceleration and deceleration rates is continuing. Exhaust temperature data could screen for vehicles started while cold. Acceleration and deceleration rates could identify vehicles operated in driving modes that result in elevated emissions. Commercial exhaust remote-sensing devices are currently available from t w o s o u r c e s : H u g h e s S a n t a Barbara Research Center (Goleta, CA) m a r k e t s the RES-100, w h i c h was recently described [i 1), and Remote Sensing Technology (Columbia, MD) sells the RSD-1000.
Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 28, No. 6, 1994
A AM A Motor Vehicle Facts &• Figures '93: Government Affairs Division. American Automobile Manufacturers Association: Detroit. MI. Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1903. 55th ed.: Ward's Communications: Detroit. MI. Calvert. J. G. et al. Science 1993. 261. 37. Bishop, G. A. et al. Anal. Chem. 1989. 61. 671. Stedman, D. H. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989. 23. 147. Stephens, R. D.; Cadle, S. H. /. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991. 41. 39. Kelly. N. A.: Groblicki, P. J. /. Air
Robert D. Stephens is a staff scientist with the General Motors NAO Research and Development Center. He is responsible for GM's remote sensing program, which has been under way since 1988 and has two patents pending on remote sensing developments. He has directed the efforts of a group of researchers that is conducting research on improved remote sensing techniques as well as analyzing remote sensing data from a number of studies.
