ome typ
If fuel additi
id tl
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THE USE OF ADDITIVES IN PETROLEUM FUELS
ALMOST since the first automobile appeared on the scene, motorists
l
have been convinced that by adding a pinch of this or a dash of that to their gasoline they could work nearmiracles in improving the performance of their can. In the early days they added mothballs, ether, nitrobenzene, and othq weird and wonderful materials to their fuel tanks. And doubtless some of these early additives had their transitory desirable effects. But it was not until 1921, when the brilliant research of Thomas Midgley, T. A. Boyd, and their colleagues,led to the discovery of the remarkable effect of tetraethyllead in reducing engine ‘‘knock,’’ that fuel additives came into their own. Since then, the manufacture and distribution of fuel additives have become an important segment of the
chemical business, with gmm sales estimated to exceed 11300 million annually. Although most recently published work on additives has dealt with addition agents for lubricants, much excellent research work has been done and is being dune to find new and better additives for fuels, and by no means is this work limited to the gasoline field. Many so-called distillate fuels and even reaiduals are now mixed with minute amounts of chemical additives which impart special characteristics and improve the performance of the fuelsinservice. Realizing the substantial amount of research and develqment work being carried out in oil company labratones and elsewhere on fuel additives, the ACS Petroleum Division concluded that it would be timely to provide an opportunity for
public presentation and discussion of such work. The symposium repr e n t e d in the articles following was organized and presmted a t the Minneapolis ACS meeting in S e p tember 1955. The papers which could be a o commodated in a single symposium .could not, of course, ptesent a wellrounded, canprehensive picture of the work in this broad field. However, they do provide a revealing insight into a cross section of this type of work which is now under way. We hope that the publication here of some of the outstanding papers which made up that symposium will be of interest both to those who are intimady involved in fuel additive work and to those to whom’it is a fascinating but necessarily somewhat foreign field. JERRY MCAFEE, Chairman ~ U , N O . l O
.
ocT(wI
1966
1851
If you read billboards, you’ll know these are only part of the national story, but enough to show that the granddaddy of additives, tetraethyllead, i s still being used and has spawned a new generation of additions
ADDITIVES IN FUEL Fuel Additives-Problems
and Progress
Graham Edgar and H. A. Beatty
........
1853
Effect of Boron Compounds on Combustion Processes E. C. Hughes, P. S. Fay, L. S. Szabo, and R. C. Tupa
.
1858
Influence of Diborane on Flame Speed of Propane-Air Mixtures
................
PhilipF.Kurz
1863
Evaluation of Alkylated p-(p-Nitropheny1azo)anilines as Gasoline Dyes J. W. Thompson and F. E. Johnson
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Effect of Alkyl Phenols on Storage and Manifold Stability of Gasolines A. C. Nixon, H. 6. Minor, and G. M. Calhoun
....
Mechanism of Antioxidant Action in Gasoline C. 1. Pedersen
................
1869
1874
188 1
Evaluating Distillate Fuel Oil Additives Storage Tests
...
1885
F. 1. Nelson, D. P. Osterhout, and W. R. Schwindeman
1892
L. H. Dimpfl, J. E. Goodrich, and R. A. Stayner
Stability Tests Field Tests Russell A. Hunt, Jr., Theodore 8. Tom, and John A. Bolt.
...................
Ignition Accelerators and Autoignition Environment R. W. Hurn and K. J. Hughes
..........
1899
1904
Effect of Additives on Jet Fuel Stability and Filterability A. C. Nixon and H. 6. Minor
..........
1909
Kinetic Studies of Petroleum Antioxidants G. W. Kennerly and W.
L. Patterson, Jr.
......
1917
Evaluating Lubricating Oils Containing Additives L. G. Wood and Herbert Buchwald.
.......
1925
Fireside Deposits in Oil Fired Boilers, Deposit Location vs. Chemical Composition Clarence Jacklin, Donald R. Anderson, and Harris Thompson
.................
1931
