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Amendment of Agricultural Soil with Metal Nanoparticles: Effects on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Composition Bahareh Asadishad, Shawninder Chahal, Ali Akbari, Vanessa Cianciarelli, Mehrnoosh Azodi, Subhasis Ghoshal, and Nathalie Tufenkji Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05389 • Publication Date (Web): 22 Jan 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on January 23, 2018
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Environmental Science & Technology
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Amendment of Agricultural Soil with Metal
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Nanoparticles: Effects on Soil Enzyme Activity
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and Microbial Community Composition
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BAHAREH ASADISHAD1, †, SHAWNINDER CHAHAL1, †, ALI AKBARI2,
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VANESSA CIANCIARELLI1, MEHRNOOSH AZODI2, SUBHASIS GHOSHAL2,
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AND NATHALIE TUFENKJI1*
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1
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Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada 2
Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
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†These
authors contributed equally to this work.
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*
Corresponding Author. Phone: (514) 398-2999; Fax: (514) 398-6678; E-mail:
[email protected] ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Environmental Science & Technology
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Abstract
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Several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are being considered for direct
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application to soils to reduce the application and degradation of pesticides, provide
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micronutrients, control pathogens, and increase crop yields. This study examined the
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effects of different metal ENPs and their dissolved ions on the microbial community
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composition and enzyme activity of agricultural soil amended with biosolids. The activity
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of five extracellular nutrient-cycling enzymes was measured in biosolid-amended soils
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treated with different concentrations (1, 10, or 100 mg ENP/kg soil) of silver (nAg), zinc
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oxide (nZnO), copper oxide (nCuO), or titanium dioxide (nTiO 2) nanoparticles and their
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ions over a 30-day period. At 30 days, nZnO and nCuO either had no significant effect on
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soil enzyme activity or enhanced enzyme activity. In contrast, Ag inhibited selected
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enzymes when dosed in particulate or dissolved form (at 100 mg/kg). nTiO 2 either had no
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significant effect or slightly decreased enzyme activity. Next generation Illumina MiSeq
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sequencing of microbial communities indicated a shift in soil microbial community
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composition upon exposure to high doses of metal ions or nAg and negligible shift in the
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presence of nTiO2. Some taxa responded differently to nAg and Ag+. This work shows how
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metal ENPs can impact soil enzyme activity and microbial community composition upon
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introduction into soils amended with biosolids, depending on their type, concentration, and
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dissolution behavior, hence providing much needed information for the sustainable
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application of nanotechnology in agriculture.
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Keywords: nanopesticide, nanoparticle, agriculture, soil amendment, soil enzyme, sustainability
2 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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Environmental Science & Technology
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Introduction
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promoting the use of nanotechnology as a means to sustainably increase crop outputs to
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feed a growing population.1-2 For example, the addition of polymeric nanocarriers,3 silver
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nanoparticles (nAg), or TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) can reduce required concentrations of
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the active ingredients of pesticides;4 the addition of metal oxides such as nano-sized CuO
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(nCuO) has been shown to target soil pathogens (especially those in manure amendments); 5
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and the addition of nano-sized ZnO (nZnO) can increase crop yields. 6
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank are
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The transformations of ENPs applied to agricultural soils and their trophic transfer
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and impacts in terrestrial environments have been critically reviewed by Gardea-Torresdey
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et al.7 For instance, it has been shown that < 50 nm nCuO can improve the growth of maize
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by 51% when it is the source of Cu in a fertilizer solution and to a greater extent than
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CuSO4.8 Likewise, application of nTiO2 resulted in a 76% increase in the dry weight of
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spinach when compared to the untreated control and a 47% increase when compared to
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bulk TiO2.9 Raliya and Tarafdar reported that nZnO improved the growth of cluster bean
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plants and increased the rhizospheric microbial population, while enhancing the activity of
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the soil enzymes acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and phytase. 10 Maize growth has
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also been improved by the addition of
