American Chemical Society Official Reports for 1 9 5 5
CONTENTS
Executive Secretary
1212
Financial
1232
Journal of the American Chemical Society
1237
Chemical Abstracts
1238
The Journal of Organic Chemistry
1240
The Journal of Physical Chemistry
1240
Chemical Reviews
1240
Chemical Monographs
1240
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
1241
Analytical Chemistry
1241
Journal of Agricultural a n d Food Chemistry
1242
Chemical and Engineering N e w s
1243
ACS N e w s Service
1243
MARCH
12.
1956 C & E N
) 21 1
American Chemical Society Officiai Reports for 1955 But CA was not the only publication affected by studies that came to a head in 1955. A broad program for reorganizing the applied journals was instituted. A Director of Publications,. Contents Applied Journals was employed. Walter Murphy, who had b e e n Page Editor of each of the journals, became Editorial Director, Applied Page Petroleum Research Func1 1225 Journals. Highlights 1212 1225 Board of Directors . . Subscription Rates . . . 1212 In 1955, the Board o f Directors delegated to i t s Standing 1226 Council Corporation Associates . 1214 Committee on Publications responsibility for supervision of all 1226 Membership 1214 publications operations with p o w e r to act. Reporting to this 1227 Intersociety Cooperation Student Participation . . 1216 committee in t h e future will b e editors of fundamental journals, 1227 Government Relations . Local Sections 1216 the Director of the Chemical Abstracts Service, and the Director 1227 International Activities Divisions 1218 of Publications, Applied Journals. These operations have b e c o m e 1228 Publishing Operations . Meetings 1219 so complex, extensive, and important that it was unrealistic t o 1229 Employment . . . . . . 1219 1230 expect every director to have the background necessary to dis Manpower and Education 1221 1230 charge normal board responsibilities of a publishing enterprise. Acknowledgments . . . Professional Activity . . 1223 1230 The Committee on Publications, especially through its annual Closing Statement . . Awards 1224 Summer Publications Conference, obtains the necessary knowledge to serve, in effect, as the board o f directors for our publishing JL EAR b y year it has become increasingly fitting to begin an operations. The Society has several earmarked funds. During the year, annual report with a statement that the year under review was one of substantial accomplishment and progress. This results these were studied by the Committee on Finance and, in from the devoted service of many members w h o give generously December, that committee and t h e Committee on Publications of their time, thought, and energy to the development and imple jointly recommended certain changes to facilitate operations and mentation of a sound program. S o m e serve as officers, directors, to provide protection for the future; these were approved by t h e councilors, or representatives, some work through committees, Board of Directors. The scope of the Chemical Abstracts Fund others in divisions, and still m o r e in local sections. The was altered to make it primarily a reserve to assure t h e continua coordinated effort of all is required. With a growing member tion of the Chemical Abstracts Service without arbitrary curtail ship and an increasing awareness of the need for such participa-, ment in a period of adjustment w h e n annual income might b e tion, the Society will b e able t o look forward t o greater and inadequate to meet annual expense. T o supplement it, a n e w greater achievement. T h e statement with which this report began fund was created to be known as the Journals F u n d which will be a similar reserve for t h e journals of the Society. T w o current should b e so normal as t o require n o mention. accounts for publications were created—the Current Publications Account, Member and the Current Publications Account, Corpora Highlights tion Associates. Details on use a n d source of funds f ΊΓ these Many events of the year deserve spotlighting. Membership accounts are given in the report o f the Committee on Finance, reached a new high and t h e retention of members was greater C&EN, pages 2 5 8 - 9 (1956). T h e net result should be greater percentagewise than in any year since 1946. Student participa stability for our publications program. tion, which w e value highly, increased. Local sections carried From extensive studies beginning long before 1955, the decision out substantially more constructive educational activities. Purely was made that the CA Service and our fundamental journals professional undertakings were o n a rising curve of activity and must be more nearly self-supporting. The critical financial situa accomplishment; t h e most conspicuous one in 1955 was the salary tion with annual losses of the order of three-quarters of a million survey of domestic members. T h e Board of Directors enacted dollars required drastic action if t b e ACS publication program, formal policy statements on manpower and on education. Never so essential to the science, the profession, educational institutions, were award operations more active with general changes in rules, and the industry, were to b e continued. Further details are acceptance of administrative responsibility for two new awards, presented in t h e next section of this report. creation of t w o others by the Society, one providing multiple recognition, and establishment o f awards by two divisions. Subscription Rates Yet, i n spite of these and other significant developments, the most important and far-reaching events of the year center o n our A new pricing policy for publications was completed in 1955 publications. On Jan. 1, The Journal of Organic Chemistry after an extended series of studies over several years. The appeared under ACS auspices for the first time. The nature of necessity for some action was dictated by the growing deficits the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry was altered and of Chemical Abstracts and the Journal of The American Chemical its frequency of issue changed t o monthly. Society and t h e déficit position of certain applied journals. T o Still more significant was the decision, after extensive study and a lesser extent, The Journal of Physical Chemistry w a s a cause of debate, t o designate Chemical Abstracts as a service rather than concern and Analytical Chemistry had barely moved out of a a journal. It is n o t a journal in the accepted sense of that term. deficit position. T h e most serious problem was that posed b y In the field of research it parallels the management, law, and Chemical Abstracts. Its annual operating deficit had grown tax services which have become invaluable to business operations. from $14,000 in 1951, when the most recent subscription increase No one ever has disputed that CA is an indispensable tool in was made, to $459,216 at the end of 1955. Operating losses of our profession, our science, and our industry, fully as important other journals during the year totaled $292,927. Combined, these in that area a s are other services in business. losses reached the staggering total of $752,143. In line with this decision, CA stepped up its program of With further increases in paper and printing costs announced research on methods o f operation, cost reduction, and services for 1956, the situation had b e c o m e desperate. Substantial sums to subscribers, C&EN, pages 2752-4 ( 1 9 5 5 ) . A man was added were available from the $4.00 allocation from members' dues and to the staff who will give his entire time to this work. Another from corporation associate payments to assist in meeting the milestone for CA was occupancy late in the year of its own deficits of CA and the fundamental journals but such support building, designed specifically t o meet its needs, financed jointly was not available for applied journals. The total such funds by The Ohio State University and ACS. received in 1955 which could b e used to meet deficits was
Executive Secretary
1212
C&EN
MARCH
12,
1956
$498,391 which failed to meet die operating losses of basic publications by $150,000 and provided no relief for other journals. Because of the diversified nature of the publications, no single plan or policy could cover all, offer any hope of a permanent solution, and be equitable. The actions taken after extended study giving the more compelling reasons for the decisions made are summarized in what follows. 1. Chemical Abstracts Through 1955, the price structure of CA was comparable to that for a journal containing scientific articles. I t ignored the fact that CA was a complete reference work, an indispensable tool for research studies and searches. The unrealistic pricing structure had been propped up by allocations from the dues of all individual members supplemented in recent years by contributions from companies enrolled as corporation associates. Since such contributions were voluntary, some of those to whom CA is of great value did not enroll and others, including individuals, met the deficit. The new policy establishes a base subscription charge of $350 per year, which more nearly measures its value t o users. But the Board knew that some subscribers who needed CA could not pay that charge. Enough are responsible for training future chemists and chemical engineers and for fundamental research to justify subsidy because of die broad value of their activities to our profession. Consequently, two exceptions were made (a) colleges and universities who certify that the principal object of the institution is die teaching and training of students and ( b ) members of die ACS who sign a statement that the copy is for individual use and will not be made available to others until die second year following the date of the volume. The college and university rate is $80.00; the individual member personal-use rate is $20.00. Ail subscribers at any of the foregoing rates will receive the 22 semimonthly abstract issues plus die annual Author, Subject, Patent, and Formula Indexes. There is a special rate in each category for those who do not want indexes. The decision to limit the reduced charges to those specified was made only after study and extended debate. The directors would have been pleased to extend a special subscription privilege to all organizations devoted to the service of the common good. However, there are far too many such groups to make this financially feasible. Included are colleges and universities, learned societies, public libraries, endowed research organizations, hospitals, and many governmental organizations. The objectives of all are admirable but ACS resources are limited. Somewhere a Une must be drawn. The special rate for colleges and universities, institutions whose principal objective is the training of chemists and chemical engineers for the future, is a form of contribution by the ACS to a program to improve OUT profession and to increase its future accomplishments. Beyond that the Society cannot afford to go. The charges set were not "pulled from a hat." Careful estimates were made of expected circulation under increased rates working from the mailing list and having a record of die nature of activities of most subscribers. Subscriptions entered through January do not depart significantly from those estimates. The $20.00 rate is approximately the budgeted cost of printing, binding, and mailing the extra volume required. A per volume average of total cost is $80.00. To produce a balance between income and expense, all those not in die two excepted classes named above must pay $350. Such subscribers will meet a high proportion of fixed expense—editorial preparation, typesetting, and research. Many details, including past financial history, were presented in C&EN, pages 2636-9 (1955). Other aspects such as comparative and unit costs to the subscriber and an analysis of several other proposed solutions were presented in· a series of short items in C&EN (July 4, 1955, page 2836; July 13, page 3021; Nov. 21, page 5068; Dec. 12, page 5204; Jan. 9,1956, page 158; Jan. 16, page 266; Jan. 23, page 370). 2. Journal of the American Chemical Society The situation for JACS differs from that with which Chemical Abstracts was faced. The Journal is a periodical. It can increase or, if it must, decrease size and costs simply by printing more or less of the research results presently flowing from laboratories.
it serves as die publication medium for a substantial part of die basic chemical research done in America and receives much material from abroad. Its service to chemistry in recognized by all and its financial position has not become as acute as that of Chemical Abstracts since its production expense is far less. Nevertheless, the deficit of $176,697 in 1955 cannot be dismissed lightly. A realistic appraisal of costs and of the obligation of the ACS to make scientific material available as cheaply as possible led to the establishment of a member subscription rate of $13.00 (to which is added $2.00 from the dues of the subscribing member) and of $30.00 to all others. Even though this is an increase of nearly 100% i n the subscription charges, it is improbable that the Journal will break even in 1956; an operating loss of approximately $70,000 is foredast. Many details including past financial history and comparative and unit costs to die subscriber are given in C&EN, July 4, 1955, page 2836 and July 11, page 2932. 3. The Journal of Physical Chemistry What has been presented above concerning JACS applies to JVC as well, although the magnitude of the problem is less and there is hope of more growth of circulation than for JACS because of the differences in age and therefore of acceptance. Substantial growth in circulation has occurred since the Society took over full responsibility for editing and publishing. Further increases are anticipated. They are needed since the journal continues to grow in size. Analysis of the subscription rates (unchanged from those existing before the Society assumed publishing responsibility) showed too small a spread between costs to members and nonmembers. Therefore, the latter charge has been raised to $16.00, an increase of $6.00. Even with this increase, the operating deficit is expected to be larger in 1956 than it was in 1955 by $7500. This results in part from an increase in production costs but in larger part from the increase in the number of pages which will be printed in 1956. Some of die financial details of this operation are discussed in C&EN, July 4, 1955, page 2836 and July 18, page 3021. 4. The Applied Journals Since Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry cover applied chemistry and chemical engineering more man basic research, diey often are designated as our applied journals. For the purpose of die following discussion of subscription charges, Chemical and Engineering News will be included. The financial position of applied journals depends heavily on the amount of advertising revenue which they attract. Their circulation is of such value to those selling goods and services that these producers are willing to invest substantial sums in advertising in the applied journals and thereby, in effect, to subsidize the publications so that subscription charges are far below the production cost. However, all readers are not equal before the advertiser. Audited subscription statements are studied closely before contracts for advertising pages are signed. Groups of readers with limited buying power are written off or heavily discounted by the advertiser. Chief among those whom advertisers do not consider of value is the foreign subscriber. Sellers who wish to reach a foreign market prefer to advertise in publications produced specifically for the countries they wish to cover. Others are not in a position to handle foreign business and, tberefore, refuse to consider circulation abroad as anything but a liability. Most publishers have long recognized this situation and have charged foreign subscribers sums at least equal to the cost of producing the volume. For many years the ACS declined to follow diis practice. The Society always has believed that it should make chemical literature available to all at die lowest possible price. By this policy, die Society was subsidizing journals sent abroad, since advertisers refuse to do so. The ACS will continue for the present the policy of subsidizing foreign member subscribers. However, it can see no reason why institutions, corporations, or individuals with no connection with the Society should continue to receive diis benefit or why ACS members should continue to underwrite such subscriptions. Therefore, the 1956 charges to nonmember subscribers outside the United States and Canada have been increased to a level which is close to the cost of producing die issues that they receive. Particulars were printed in C&EN, page 3110 (1955). MARCH
12. 1956
C&EN
1213
ACS OFFICIAL REPORTS
1955
TO SUM UP—The ACS now has placed in effect pricing policies which will go far toward relieving the heavy and rapidly increasing financial burden of its publications program without abrogation of one of its paramount objectives, the publication and low-cost distribution of the new discoveries and advances in chemistry and chemical engineering. This will benefit members as a whole because it strengthens the Society through increasing financial stability. It is a matter of regret that these changes have necessitated price increases of the magnitude of some of those described here. The inevitable ciutailment of circulation is unfortunate. As members of the chemical profession deeply interested in our science, we view with pride the tremendous advances in chemistry which have taken place in the last decade; the cost increases are an outgrowth of these advances, the increase in quality and quantity of new information to b e printed. We still can be proud that on the basis of an equal unit quantity of words, the expense to subscribers will continue to be far below any other comparable publications. Corporation Associates
The success of the corporation associate program since its inception has played a vital part in the continuance of the ACS publishing program in basic science and in the expansion of Chemical Abstracts. It is gratifying that 457 companies extended support to the Society in 1955 through corporation associate enrollment. The $194,215 paid into the Publications Fund during the year from this source, supplemented by $12,080 received as donations from organizations not wishing to enroll formally, provided funds essential to enable the ACS to meet the operating deficits to -which reference has been made. It is equally gratifying to be able to forecast with confidence that nearly all these organizations will continue the connection in 1956 and that new enrollments have been received. The deficit of Cliemical Abstracts has taken a lion's share of income from this source in the past. We hope none will b e needed under the new pricing plan; if those hopes are not realized, requirements will be small. Also, there will b e increased income from the subscription payments for the Chemical Abstracts Service entered at $350 by corporation associates who previously received CA without extra payment. Consequendy, their dues have been decreased. As a result, the net amount accruing to the Publications Fund for support of basic journals in 1956 will be much less than heretofore. It is clear that additional financing will be needed by two ACS journals publishing results of basic research. Therefore, it is encouraging that so many industrial organizations, large and small, continue to give tangible expression to their support of the publishing operations of our Society.
Paid Junior and senior grade (no discount ) Student, junior and senior grade (discount) Life Unpaid but in good standing Honorary Emeritus Total i n good standing Unpaid, year shown Total membership
1952
1953
1954
1955
61,620
64,446
66,736
69,019
3,948 14
3,600 13
3,553 13
4,170 13
* 1 1 307 300 65,890 68,420 1,840 1,735 67,730 70,155
1 401 70,704 1,583 72,287
1 445 73,648 1,575 75,223
The number of paid members given no discount continued to increase in 1955; the gain "was 2283. The percentage growth ( 3A%) is less than that for total membership increase ( 4 . 1 % ) . Strangely, this has its encouraging aspects. For many years, the rate of growth of this segment of membership has exceeded that for the Society as a whole because enrollment of students has been declining. We are pleased that this trend was reversed in 1955. The increase of 617 ( 17.4%) in members given a student discount is responsible for throwing out of line the growth in the largest segment of members ( 91.7% ) when compared with total growth. Relationship between increases in these two segments in recent years is shown in die following:
Year 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
No Discount No. °to 316 0.6 3200 5.S 3461 5.9 2846 4.6 2290 3.6 2283 3.4
Total ACS, % 1.8 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 4.1
All fervently hope that the 1955 results represent a turning point because from this student enrollment will come the future leaders of our Society. The number of members in emeritus status continues to increase, reflecting the Society's earlier growth. The decline in the number of members unpaid for one year (dropped at the end of each year) continues but at a decreased rate. It is encouraging but we should like to see this category of the tabulation disappear. Losses. At the end of each year it is necessary to remove certain names from the membership rolls. This deletion Includes those persons who have resigned, those whose dues are unpaid for one year, and those who have died. For comparison the following statistics are presented:
Membership
Net increases in membership have become customary; the showing in 1955 was no exception. Total membership of 75,223 at the end of the year reached a new high point. The gain of 2936 members (4.1%) is the third largest increase since the 1947 record of 6345 ( 13.0% ) and is the best report since 1949. The gain is 37.8% better than the 2132 (3.0%) increase in 1954. It is particularly encouraging since for several years growth rates have been declining as shown in the following table: Increase Year 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
No. 6345 3682 3429 1138 2660 2520 2425 2132 2936
% 13.0 6.7 5.8 1.8 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 4.1
Total membership on Dec. 31 of recent years is presented in the following table: 1214
C&EN
MARCH
12, I 956
Studer,vt Discount No. —1.4 —70 —2.8 —135 — 15.2 -714 —8.8 —348 —l.S -47 17.4 617
%
Year 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
Resigned 359 535 1075 898 1941 1451 939 853 1012 995 945
zceased 105 125 175 178 218 191 198 225 233 245 250
Unpaid lYear 923 895 1160 1728 1622 2481 2109 1840 1735 1583 1575
Tota I Number 1387 155* 2410 2804 3781 4123 3246 2918 2980 2823 2770
% 3.2 3.2 4.4 4.8 6.1 6.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.7
The percentage of members dropped in 1955 continued the downward trend which began in 1951 and is the lowest of any year since 1946 and numerically the least since 1947 (see Figure 1). Naturally this is encouraging. Those members working for greater achievements b y the Society can consider the 96.3% carryover of members ( 72,453) into 1956 as a measure of thensuccess in providing service to the profession. But, as a "satisfaction factor" the 96.3 «% is low. The death of some members unfortunately is inevitable; annual increase in the number can be expected reflecting the growth of the Society over a long period of years. Retirement is just as inevitable and many do not wish
EXECUTIVE to continue the connection then, although often there are no barriers. Some members resign because they have changed their field of work to something completely unrelated. Included in the last group are women who have dropped professional activity to become full-tûne homemakers or students who have used a start in chemistry or chemical engineering as stepping stones to graduate work and careers in medicine, electronics, and other fields. Thus, the true "satisfaction factor" is substantially higher than that derived by subtracting the percentage dropped from 100. If one adds die number of resignations for one year and the number unpaid for the next, all of whom dropped ACS activity at the same time, the figures in the past three years are amazingly constant. The total of those resigning in 1950 and unpaid in 1951 was 3560. Figures similarly obtained annually thereafter are 2779, 2588, 2595, 2570. The 1950-51 figure reflects a dues increase and the 1951—52 total is to some extent a continuation.
90 91
TO 0%
tunity to clarify ACS policies that may be misunderstood and discuss any dissatisfactions expressed. The number of persons who reconsider their decision to terminate membership is gratifying. The 1.25% resigning at the end of 1955 was the lowest since 1946; it should be compared with 1.38% in 1954, 1.4% in 1953, 1.3% in 1952, and 1.42% in 1951. The loss of 2.1% for nonpayment of 1955 dues is the same as in 1947; numerically the 1575 removed from the rolls is the best showing since 1947. This category of loss largely is a reflection of individual carelessness. Most are persons'who knew when the bill was received in November that they did not wash to continue and should have resigned. Proper education should bring this number down to a few hundred. The foregoing analysis and the table on which it is based do not take into account the loss of 799 corporation members at the end of 1951 resulting from a change in ACS Bylaws which removed this category. Gains. On Jan. 1, 1956, 1454 new members were added to the rolls. These represent applications received late in 1955 for 1956 membership. Numerically they replaced 52.5% of those dropped at the end of 1955. This is better than, the 51.6% replacement a year ago and 47.1% the previous year. Comparison of total membership at the beginning and ending of recent years is shown in the following:
93
Dec. 31 63,349 66,009 67,730 70,155 72,287 75,223
Jan.l 59,964 60,587 63,441 66,052 68,578 70,922 73,907
Year 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956
92
SECRETARY
—
A quick glance will show that the year-end figure of each year is somewhat exceeded by the Jan. 1 enrollment two years later. If that pattern continues, we should look forward to starting 1957 with more than 75,000 members. The increase in 1955 admissions of 447 over the previous year aided in establishment of a record total enrollment on Dec. 31; this reverses die annual decline in new members since 1951. In 1955, 5559 persons were elected to membership. The following table analyzes additions to Society membership since 1951:
94 95 96
Senior grade Student Other Junior grade Student Other Corporations Totals
LOSSES 97 98' 1945 Figure
1949 1.
1953
I I I
Membership retention
The last three figures may represent normal turnover under stable» conditions. The percentage of members removed from the rolls in 19465 was a low point of 3.2. This increased annually to a disappointing 6.5 9fc in 1950. Since then there has been an annual decline. This is shown graphically in Figure 1. To pull the curve still1 further down is a challenge to Society workers and staff. It canι be done through increasing the strength of our program, improved contacts with individuals to assure that they are informed,, and increased enrollments to broaden the base; the first two areg the most important. The number of resignations continues to decrease and i s in partt the result of current stability in dues and in part the increasingI endorsement of the ACS program. The Executive Secretary/ acknowledges each resignation individually and comments specifically on reasons given for the action. It provides an oppor-
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
124 2137
70 2053
116 2122
160 2195
106 2335
1898 2585 89 6783
1372 2271
1204 1901
1137 1620
1458 1660
—
—
5766
5343
—
5112
—
5559
Included in the 1955 figures for membership, senior grade, are 233 persons from foreign countries; 25 "were admitted to membership, junior grade. In 1954, total foreign additions were 199, 59 less than in 1955. -Also included are 562 reinstated members as compared with 534 in 1954 and 528 in 1953. Those resuming their connection with the ACS in 1955 consisted of 255 who had resigned in good standing and 307 who paid arrears. A e response to provision of 18-month membership contributed 356 enrollments (effective July 1, 1955) during the year; included therein were 44 eligible for the student discount. Convenience of this arrangement is indicated by the 214 persons admitted after Sept. 1 who requested membership retroactive to mid-year. The admissions picture for 1955 is particularly encouraging because of the 13.1% increase in the number admitted to mem· bership, junior grade. The decline in this category since 1950 has been disturbing. There were 3118 new members, junior grade, in 1955, 56% of new enrollments; this i s comparable to 1953 results. The relationship to total new enrollments o£ new members granted the student discount improved substantially in 1955, as shown by the following table: MARCH
12,
1956 C & E N
1215
ACS OFFICIAL
New members, total Student members, number Student members, %
REPORTS 1 9 5 5 1951 1952 1953 6783 5766 5343 2022 1442 1320 29.8 25.0 24.7
1954 5112 1297 25.3
1955 5559 1564 28.1
The 1955 improvement may reflect modifications in ACS Bylaws liberalizing requirements for the student discount and the authorization of initial 18-month membership; both changes were effective Jan. 1, 1955. Membership Promotion. The Society maintains a list of potential new members "whose names are collected from many sources. In December 1954 this list of approximately 54,000 persons was circularized with a letter soliciting membership and enclosing a descriptive leaflet concerning ACS programs and the advantages of membership. During 1955, 732 new members were enrolled as a result of this campaign. Student Participation For the second consecutive year the number of students participating in the ACS program has increased. This is encoiuraging because for the preceding three years there had been a substantial decrease. On Dec. 31, 1955, 9009 student affiliates and members xvith student discount were enrolled in the Society as compared -with 8889 on the same date a year earlier, an increase of 1.4% The gain in 1954, thefirstupward slope in the curve since 1950, was 3.8r/e. The relatively small total increase was the result of offsetting gains and losses—an increase of 617 in the nuunbex of members with student discount, commonly called student members, and a decrease of 497 in the number of affiliates. Because of the decline in the number of student affiliates from 5336 to 4839 (9.3ÎIOLDS, Oct. 2 4 , 1955
J A M E S R. HEDVCOND, April 9 , 1955 S C O T T L. HEEB^JRGH, J R . , D e c . 1 8 , 1955 L A S Z L O REINER,. NOV. 27, 1 9 5 5 HEINTRICH HHEI>*HOLDT, Dec. 5, 1 9 5 5 °PWTT.TP F. R I P L E Y , April 25, 1955 S I D N E Y H. ROBERTS, April 2 0 , 1955 E W E S * D. ROBINSON. Jtily 14, 1955
RAY O. RODERICK, Sept. 3, 1955
HILTON I. JONES, May 2 , 1 9 5 5 OSMAN TONES, June 2 2 , 1 9 5 5 HENRY JORDAN, Oct. 5 , 1 9 5 5
GERHARD K . ROILLEFSON, NOV. 15, 1955 ARTECUR F. ST. ANDRE, Oct. 24, 1 9 5 5
• L Y M A N F . KEBLER, March 4 , 1955 WILLIAM: L. KELLOGG, May 3 , 1954 ANSON R. K E N D A L L , Unknown HAROLD S. K E N D A L L , Jan. 8 , 1956 THOMAS J. KERR, Oct. 18, 1954 HAROLD J. KERSTEN, March 2 , 1955
PAUL A. Knro, Dec. 1 3 , 1954
HARRY E . KING, J R . , Jan. 1 0 , 1955 IVAR H. KINNEBERG, Oct. 1 7 , 1955 CHESTER W. KIRK, Unknown LOUIS L . KITCHENS, Jan. 3 0 , 1955 MOIUTZ K O H N , F e b . 1 9 , 1955 SEYMOUR KORKES, D e c . 10, 1955 GERTRUDE KORNFELD, June 2 9 , 1955 EDWARD J. KURTZ, Oct. 15, 1955 • E D W A R D T. L A D D , D e c . 2 4 , 1955 W E N D E L L M . LATIMER, July 6, 1955 GLADYS LEAVELL, D e c . 2 0 , 1954 M I L T O N A. LESSER, Jan. 3 1 , 1955 MARIO G. L E V I , D e c . 9 , 1 9 5 4 H E R M A N J. L I T T L E , NOV. 3 , 1955 GEORGE P. LOOMIS, Feb. 1 5 , 1955 ROSE LUBSCHEZ, Jan. 1 8 , 1 9 5 5 AMES B . LUCAS, O c t 2 , 1 9 5 5 JLDIN V . L Y N N , Jan. 3 , 1 9 5 6
Î
F R E D C . M A B E E , Oct. 2 6 , 1955 D A L E L . M A F F I T T , Oct. 2 6 , 1955 )HN W. MAGLY. D e c . 12, 1955
W . MAHR, July 10, 1955 ËA.ERMANN E . MALLARD, June 18, 1 9 5 5 JOHN P. M A R B L E , June 6, 1 9 5 5 G U Y D . MARROCCO, Jan. 1 2 , 1955 • C H A R L E S E. MARTIN, May 1955
C. H. MASLAND, 2 N D , April 9, 1955
FRANK W . MATTTNSON, April 27, 1955 OSEPH B . M C C L E L L A N D , July 3 1 , 1 9 5 5 ÎELLICE S. W . M C C L U R E , May 2 1 . 1955 M C D O N A L D , Jan. 3 0 , 1955
Β. Η. MCQUEER, July 2 3 , 1955
E L I Z A B E T H T . MESXER, Aug. 3 1 , 1955 BERNARD W . MILLER, July 3 0 , 1955 EDGAR G. M I L L E R , J R . , June 28, 1955 N A T H A N Μ. MNOOKIN, May 2, 1955 HARRY L . M O A T , June 12, 1955 JAMES B . MONTGOMERY, Aug. 14, 1 9 5 5 W A L T E R O. MURKER, Unknown
•Ç.
A. NVTASH, A S H , April 16, 1 9 5 5 NELSON, Sept. Sept. 4, CE A. CLARENCE A .. NELSON,
Louis N E R B , May 13, 1 9 5 5
1955
M A X NEUHAUS, NOV. 5 , 1955 E D W A R D W. Ν Ε Ό Μ Α Ν , D e c . 3 , 1955 MORRIS N E W M A N , Oct. 2 1 , 1955 MARION F. NICHOLS, Feb. 2 8 , 1955 H E L E N M. NOYES, Oct. 2 7 , 1955 BERTTL NYBERGH, Aug. 1, 1954
PETER P . P A P , Sept. 8 . 1 9 5 5 EDWARD D. H A B R I C , April 3 0 , 1 9 5 5 P E T E R E . H A F N E R , March 1 5 , 1 9 5 5 W I L L I A M J. H A L E , Aug. 8 , 1 9 5 5 D O N A L D W . H A N S E N , Jan. 8, 1 9 5 6 GORDON H A R T , NOV. 3 , 1955 GEORGE S. H A S L A M , July 5, 1955 GERALD HAYWOOD, Jan. 8, 1 9 5 6
• J O S E P H E. PLUJ^STEAD., Jan. 11, 1 9 5 5 JOHN C. P O P E , Aug. 1 1 , 1955 H E N R Y R. POWESR, D e c . 9, 1955 WILLIAM E . PRSCE, D e c . 1 9 5 4 GEORGE H. PRIEST, J R . , Sept. 16, 1955 WILLIAM N . PRKTCHARD, JRJ. Sept. 6, 1955 FORREST J. P Y L E , Jan. 8, 1 9 5 5 EARL, B. P U T T , July 3 0 , 1955
W I L L I A M D . PARDOE, March 11, 1 9 5 5 •GEORGE F. P A R M E N T E R , Oct. 2 2 , 1 9 5 5 CONSTANCE C. P A Y N E , June 18, 1955
Κ Α Ι F. PERONARD. July 1954 G. W. PHTLLIPS, April 2 4 , 1955
EDWJN G. P I E R C E , D e c . 1, 1955 ROBERT D . PIKE, April 1 3 , 1955 GUTDO PITIGLIANI, Aug. 1 9 5 5
F. E . C. SCHBFFS-ER, July 27, 1954 OHNT W. SCHLEGEL, Jan. 1 3 , 1955
H. &CHLESMAN, Nov. 1 3 , ÎC:ABX-ETON L A U D E G. SCHZMTTT, Feb. 1 5 , 1 9 5 5
1955
MAXIMILIAN A. SCHNELLER, March 9 , 1955 A M B S W. SCHOFIELD, Feb. 26, 1 9 5 5 'RAJSTK M. SEIBSERT, N O V . 2 3 , 1955 J. GORDON SEWELL, S e p t 1 3 , 1955 BERNARD SHAPF^ER, J a n . 1, 1955 GEORGE B. SHAS?IRO, O c t . 2 3 , 1955 M A R T I N SHATAVSKY, A u g . 5 , 1954 H A R R Y J, S H E A B D , April 6, 1955 GUY E. SKERIUA^N, D e c . 12, 1954 • H E N R Y C. SHERJ*AN, Oct. 8 , 1955 0 HERBERT M . SHCILSTOSCE, Sept. 1, 1 9 5 5 WALLACE F . SESORT, U n k n o w n
Î
C. W . SIMEONS,. Sept. 24, 1955 W M . R.SnsrE,A-ug.7. 1 9 5 5
UDSON P. SMTTBH, Feb. 26, 1 9 5 5
ÎDWARD F . SNYBDER, N o v . 1 9 , 1955 ÎRICHARD A . STEGEMAJST, Jan. 13, 1 9 5 5
Louxs A. STEINXKOENIG, Dec. 8, 1955 J. F . STEPRX, A.prfl 1 9 , 1955 A. GEORGE: STEZRN, D e c . 2 8 , 1955 FRANCIS J. STOKES, A u g . 1, 1955 P. M . STUART, £*OV. Ι Ο , 1 9 5 5 JOKNT J. S U L L I V A N , June 19, 1954
GEORGE H . TABER, J R . , Aug. 20, 1954 ROBERT T A I T , :Sept. 2 2 , 1 9 5 5 WILLIAM O . TAAIMELIN, Aug. 19, 1955 OMAVR F. X A R R , April 2 4 , 1 9 5 5 RAY A. T H O M A S , Aug. 1955
TomsT H. THOMPSON. May 3 1 , 1955 PTER.CE M. TRA-vis,M[ay 2 5 , 1955 OHKT C. TREACST, March 31, 1955 TRTTSCIEXER, J u n e 1 5 , 1955
Î'RANK
WILLIAM J . VOBSLXER, Aug. 3 1 , 1 9 5 5 ° CORNELIUS D . VREELAJND, Jan. 4, 1 9 5 6 S A M U E L F . WACTON, J a n . 2 0 , 1955 CHRISTOPHER HE. WARBURTON, J u l y
B E N R. WARNESI, April 24, 1955
1955
•CAMCPBELL E. W A T E R S , July 29, 1 9 5 5 JOB** N. W B B E B , May 23, 1 9 5 5 O T I S M. WEIGLOE, July 22, 1 9 5 5 CLARENCE F . W E L L S , Aug. 7 , 1 9 5 5 RALS>H R. "WENTNER, O c t . 2 7 , 1955 MONTGOMERY W H I T E , Unknown
WrLOFRED H . W^HITE, NOV. 3 0 , 1954 GEORGE F. Wn-3cms, May 1955
D E A N WILLIAMTS, Aug. 14, 1955 EDMTCND R . W I X L I M S , April 18, 1954 FRANCIS J- WH-LIAMS, March 19, 1955 C B . WILLMOBSJB, Oct. 1955 HOWARD AL. W O L F , F e b . 12, 1955 FRANCIS W . WOLFF, March 28, 1 9 5 5 WDLLIAM " W O L F F . F e o . 20, 1955 J O H N F. W O O D , Unknown WILLIAM L . YAJROCH, Oct. 2 7 , 1955 CAROL, Η. ΥΌΤΤΝΟ, Aug. 3 1 , 1 9 5 5
NICHOLAS ZACHLARKIW» April 1 , 1 9 5 5 R. E . ZIM2W/*%, due 10/1/61 United States Treasury Bonds, 2»/a%. due 11/15/61 United States Savings Bonds, series G, 2*/*%, due 4/1/62 United States Treasury Bonds, 2»/»%. due 8/15/63 United States Treasury Bonds, 2»/*%, due 12/15/64-69 United States Treasury Bonds, 2*/a%, due 3/15/65-70 United States Treasury Bonds, investment series B, 2'/4%. due 4 / 1 / 7 5 - 8 0 Total investments Cash in bank Total Assets
1236
C&EN
Market o r Redemption Value
$100,000.00 $
INVESTMENTS:
Amortized Cost
96,687.50 $ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
50,000.00
48,156.25
100,000.00
96,593.75
99,093.75
100.000.00
95.500.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
97.687.50
100,000.00
75,000.00
71.400.00
75,000.00
100,000.00
97,125.00
99,390.63
200,000.00
190,500.00
198,345.08
200,000.00
190,375.00
198,556.97
MARCH
200,000.00
12.
49,843.75
189.375.00 200,000.00 SI .173.400.00 $1,220,230.18 51,221.05 SI. 2 7 1 , 4 5 1 . 2 3
1956
Bonds
Prinicpal Amount
Market Value
Amortized Cost
Philadelphia Electric Co., 2»/«% 1st and refunding mortgage, due 11/1/67 $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 $ 24,031.25 $ 2 4 . 6 8 7 . 5 0 United States Treasury Notes, l»/s%, due 10/1/58 96,687.50 99.431.25 100,000.00 United States Treasury Bonds. 99.031.25 100,000.00 2»/t%, due 12/15/58 100,000.00 United States Treasury Notes, 57,787.50 59,090.63 l V t % , due 4/1/59 60,000.00 United States Treasury Bonds, 96.593.75 99,421.88 2»/«%. due 6/15/59-62 100,000.00 United States Treasury Bonds, 57.601.25 58.000.00 2V«%. due 9/15/61 58.000.00 C o m m o n Stocks Guaranty Trust Company of New York Texas Company Total Investments Cash i n bank Total Assets
Shares 200 100
15,900.00 17.075.00 12,150.00 10,470.43 $459.782.50 $ 4 6 8 , 1 7 6 . 6 9 "———^— 24,420.03 $492.596.72
THE JOURNAL
OF THE AMERICAN
CHEMICAL
Liabilities a n d F u n d B a l a n c e
Articles Received
Due General F u n d $356,556.00 Fund balance, January 1, 1955 S274,205.08 Income: Corporation Asso ciates' 1955 dues $ 1 9 4 , 2 1 5 . 7 5 Donations 12,080.00 Interest and divi dends on invest ments 9,445.14 Profit o n sale o f in vestments 2 . 9 6 9 . 8 5 S218.710.74 Expense: Custodian fees and postage $ 319.10 Transfer to General Fund t o cover deficits o f : Chemical Ab stract» 313,168.00 Journal of the American Chemical Society 3 0 , 6 4 9 . 0 0 Journal of Phys ical Chemistry 12,739. 0 0 3 5 6 , 8 7 5 . 10 Decrease i n fund during year 138.164.36Dr Fund balance,December 3 1 , 1955 136.040.72 Total liabilities a n d fund balance S492,596.72
(Number and percentages)
SOCIETY
LIABILITIES:
Year 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
I 192 136 159 147 165
Ρ 507 513 520 549 454
% 9.8 7.3 8.1 7.3 8.8
% 25.9 27.5 26.5 27.1 24.1
Ο 1126 1056 1129 1148 1100
% 57.5 56.6 57.8 56.7 58.5
Β 132 162 151 179 163
% 6.7 8.7 7.7 8.8 8.7
%
Β 36 39 52 79 59
% 5.5 5.5 6.9 9.8 9.1
Β 71 73 102 142 136
% 4.4 4.9 6.7 9.3 9.2
Β 24 31 56 47 59
% 4.3 5.1 8.8 7.5 7.6
N o t e s Received (Number and percentages)
Year 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
I 58 83 64 87 64
% 8.9 11.7
8.5 10.8
9.8
Ρ 116 143 128 152 107
% 17.9 20.1 17.0 18.9 16.4
Ο 439 446 511 486 421
67.6 62.7 67.7 60.4 64.7
A r t i c l e s Published (Number and percentages) REPORT O N E X A M I N A T I O N For t h e year ending December 3 1 , 1 9 5 5
Year 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
T o the Board o f Directors of
I 151 129 135 103 98
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
W e have examined t h e balance sheet of t h e AMERICAN C H E M I CAL SOCIETY a s of December 31, 1955, and t h e related statement of income and surplus for the year then ended. Our examination was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing stand ards, and accordingly included such tests of the accounting rec ords and such other auditing procedures as w e considered neces sary in the circumstances. In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheet and statement of income and surplus present fairly t h e financial position of t h e
% 9.4 8.6 8.9 6,7 6.6
Ρ 407 418 375 431 331
% 25.4 27.9 24.7 28.1 22.3
Ο 976 879 909 858 916
% 60.8 58.6 59.8 55.9 61.9
N o t e s Published (Number and percentages)
Year 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
I 43 60 45 67 73
% 7.8 9.8 7.1 10.7
9.4
Ρ 77 112 117 111 134
% 13.9 18.3 18.3 17.8 17.3
Ο 410 408 420 400 507
% 74.0 66.8 65.8 64.0 65,6
A M E R I C A N CHEMICAL SOCIETY at December 3 1 , 1955, and t h e
It is difficult t o discover any significant trends in these tables except that possibly the l o w figure for Articles published in physical chemistry during 1955 is due to transfers to t h e Journal of Physical Chemistry. During t h e year 3 8 Articles were trans ferred a n d accepted. If these are added, t h e percentage of F. W. L A F R E N T Z A N D Co. physical chemistry Articles published would b e 2 4 % instead of Certified "Public Accountants 2 2 % . Rejection rates differ from field to field. For 1955 percentage Washington, D . C. rejections for Articles only are as follows: inorganic chemistry February 13, 1 9 5 6 3 7 % , physical chemistry 27 %> ( w o u l d be 20% if Articles trans ferred t o Journal of Physical Chemistry are considered as ac cepted), organic chemistry 1 9 % , and biological chemistry 1 8 % . T h e main field out of Une with t h e others i s inorganic chemistry, and the editors think a study should b e m a d e of t h e reason for The Journal of the this. Certainly s o m e very poor inorganic manuscripts are re American Chemical Society ceived. The abolition of Notes beginning Jan. 1, 1956 will make for X HE TOT.AL N U M B E R of manuscripts received b y the Journal of trends w h i c h at present are hard t o foretell. In the s a m e w a y the the American Chemical Society during 1955 w a s 2 9 6 1 . This is increase in subscription price for members and for nonmembers below the figure for any year since 1950. T h e decrease is d u e is almost certain t o reduce t h e subscription list, although figures in part to the abolition of Notes, w h i c h have not been accepted are not y e t available at t h e time this i s being written. since Oct. 1, 1955. This is not, however, the w h o l e story b e For t h e D e c . 2 0 , 1955 issue elapsed times b e t w e e n receipt cause receipts month b y month during the first eight months o f and publication for Articles averages a s follows: inorganic 1955 were almost always below the receipts for 1 9 5 4 . T h e chemistry six months 24 days, physical chemistry six months three editors believe that this decrease i n receipts is mainly ascribable days (neglecting o n e long delay Article 5 months 14 d a y s ) , to the decrease in t h e number o f graduate students in United organic chemistry six months 19 days, biological chemistry seven States institutions of higher learning. months o n e day ( neglecting one long delayed Article five months If attention i s directed to receipts o f articles only, the figure seven d a y s ) . It is hoped a s always that elapsed time can be is 1 8 8 2 which may b e contrasted with 2 0 2 4 in 1 9 5 4 and 1 8 7 3 reduced. I t will b e hard to d o this unless authors learn to write in 1950. Beceipts of articles therefore, have, passed through a more clearly and concisely, because t h e time required for revi maximum and a x e now about the same a s they were five years a g o . sions by authors i s one o£ t h e most important parts of t h e delay. T h e question might h e raised as to whether or not t h e decrease T h e b u d g e t for 1955 was placed at $340,000 (exclusive of in receipts is ascribable t o any one branch of chemistry. Figures advertising and circulation costs) and was supposed t o allow for on this are g i v e n in t h e following tables, beginning with 1 9 5 1 , the publication of 7 0 4 0 pages. Actually 6 8 9 0 pages were the first year during which w e kept complete statistics b y fields. published. results of its operations for the year then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year. Respectfully submitted,
MARCH
12, 1956 C & E N
1237
ACS OFFICIAL
REPORTS
1955
The budget for 1956 has been placed tentatively at $334,000 ( exclusive of advertising and circulation costs ) and is supposed to allow for die publication of 6656 pages. There would have been a substantial reduction due to the probable smaller subscription list and the smaller number of pages brought about by the elimination of Notes. On the other hand, labor costs as well as paper costs will increase materially, and moreover, there has been a change in the allocation of labor costs to the Journal. This makes for an apparent rather than a real increase in cost of some items. The terms of the following members of the Editorial Board ended on Dec. 31,1955: Drs. P. D . Bartlett (ineligible for reappointment), P. C. Cross, F. R. Mayo, S. M. McElvain (ineligible for reappointment), W. H. Woodstock. Drs. Cross, Mayo, and Woodstock have been reappointed for five year terms, and E>rs. Cheves Walling of Columbia University and W . S. Johnson of the University of Wisconsin bave been appointed t o the two vacancies. W. ALBERT NOYES, JR., Editor
Chemical Abstracts Jt1 Roxx. Volume 5 to Volume 50, from 4741 pages pulblisbed in 1911 t o 12,340 pages (equivalent to 26,000 of the 1911 pages in word content) in 1955, from 56,000 index entries t o 800,000 per year, from 300 square feet of work space as the Chemical Abstracts (CA) office to 27,000 square feet of such space— these figures are indicative of the growth in chemical research activity and the thorough coverage thereof by CA which your editor has witnessed as a participant in the work. The outstanding event of 1955 for CA was the completion of our new building on the campus of The Ohio State University. This three-story building "with functional basement was occupied last November. It is wonderful. We were permitted to make our owns plans and our working conditions are now ideal for comfort and efficiency. An outside view of the new CA home is shown on this page. For a description of the building, -with inside views, see C&EN, page 1132 (1956). Visitors will always be welcome. The services rendered by CA to chemistry and chemical industry have multiplied considerably during the span of years indicated above. An outline of improved methods and added services was published last June C&EN, pages 2752-4(1955). This progress was based in part on research conducted by the staff i n the midst of production work. An important innovation of 1955 was the establishment of a separate research department by CA with the hiring of the first fuU-bme research worker. The new building has a large room with separate office for investigational work, and the efforts for economy, improved methods, and new and better services will now be facilitated. Some of our research projects are outlined in the article already mentioned in
CA's new home on the Ohio State University campus 1238
C&EN
MARCH
12,
1956
this paragraph. A further report on this kind of work will be made later. During 1955 CA published 74,664 abstracts of papers and 9926 abstracts of patents, the total number of abstracts being 84,590. Abstracts of papers published in 1955 show an increase of 10.4% over the number (73,179) published in 1954. Abstracts of patents dropped a like percentage ( 10.4% ) from the 11,083 patent abstracts published in 1954. The increase in abstracts of papers shows that the literature of chemistry is continuing to grow rapidly, but it can be added that there is apparently a tendency for the growth curve to level off a little. This is clear from the fact that a backlog of organic abstracts is included in the 1955 volume of CA without a steepening of the curve. The CA section on Organic Chemistry contains over 50% more pages for 1955 than it did in 1954. There has been no slackening in the effort to cover the patent literature adequately. United States patents issued in 1955 were 3393 fewer than issued in 1954. For the first half of 1955 U. S. patents were down 4399 in number as contrasted with the first half of 1954, which shows that a gain on the U. S. patent backlog was made during the second half of 1955. The number of our patent abstracts is influenced most by patent issuance during the first part of the year inasmuch as our last abstracts for the year are sent to the printer on Oct. 23 (for the Nov. 25 number of CA; the December numbers are index numbers). Statistics for the various sections of CA are given in the accompanying table. Abstracts of papers have averaged 10.3 per page during 1955, and abstracts of patents 11.6 per page. The small increases in the lengths of both kinds of abstracts over 1954, when the respective averages were 11.1 and 12.7 abstracts per page, are due to the greater number of organic abstracts. The adequate reporting of organic papers and patents requires more space than is needed for most fields of chemistry. Since it involves extremely careful formula calculation and exacting systematic naming, the indexing of organic chemistry is difficult and slow work. The marked increase in organic abstracts during 1955 has threatened the making of our indexpublication schedule, but eyery effort is being made to avoid delay. The staff has been increased, but a long training period is involved. In particular, w e have developed more fully the advance structure-drawing operation, which greatly facilitates the work of organic indexers. Experiments are going forward on the possible facilitation of organic indexing by the building of a record of compounds depicted by cipher. Since completeness of coverage of the world's chemical literature by CA is so important, we make special effort to acquire all needed periodicals, including the hard-to-get kind. This means that CA has a very fine collection of current periodicals of interest to the chemist. The handling of these has been gready facilitated in our new building, and we now have a small reading room for the use of visitors, both on-campus and off-campus scientists. The office has a trained librarian and one of Us tasks begun in 1955 has been the revision of our List of Periodicals Abstracted, to appear as a part of the 1956 CA volume in the form of a 300-page book. Journals are serviced throughout the building by use of an electrically operated book lift. Over 400 journals have been thus handled in a single day, which is perhaps a small indication of the tempo of the editorial and indexing work here. The editors frequently consult original papers in getting abstracts ready for publication, and much of our indexing is done with original papers before the indexer. The expert indexer not infrequently senses the need for index entries from a paper to cover information not fully brought out in the abstract. Furnishing such entries is the last of a series of precautions taken by CA for the sake of a complete record of chemical progress. Preparation for the Fifth Decennial Index to CA was accelerated during 1955. When completed this index will fill 19 1200-page volumes. Our pages are big and the type is small with no spacing between the lines. Decennial Index editors need to consult the marked page proof from which the original indexing was done. To facilitate this for use in our roomy new building we have had built a special, large Roto-Table which will make this bound page proof (140 volumes) readily avail-
CHEMICAL
Apparatus, Plant Equipment, and Unit Operations General and Physical Chemistry Electronic Phenomena and Spectra Nuclear Phenomena Electrochemistry Photography Inorganic Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Mineralogioal and Geological Chemistry Metallurgy and Metallography Organic Chemistry Biological Chemistry Foods Chemical Industry and Miscellaneous Industrial Products Water, Sewage, and Sanitation Soils and Fertilizers Pesticides and Crop-Control Agents The Fermentation Industries Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Perfumes Acids, Alkalies, Salts, and Other Heavy Chemicals Glass, Clay Products, Refractories, and Enameled Metals Cement, Concrete, and Other Building Materials Fuels and Carbonization Products Petroleum, Lubricants, and Asphalt Cellulose and Paper Explosives and Explosions Dyes and Xextile Chemistry Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, and Inks Fats, Fatty Oils, Waxes, and Detergents Sugar, Starch, and Gums Leather and Glue Rubber and Other Elastomers Synthetic Resins and Plastics Totals Books New Journals Headings, Blanks, and Cross References
able to ΙΟ editors seated around the "merry-go-round." The Roto-Table moves around with a slight push in spite of its weight of 4000 pounds when loaded. At the Beginning of 1955 the Author Indexes to the individual numbers of CA were moved from the front to the back of the journal. This has made it possible for CA to be put on the printing pr-ess earlier than before. Presswork can begin without awaiting completion of copy and typesetting for these Author Indexes. A new plan for the pricing of CA to subscribers was worked out during the past year. It was clearly wise to place CA on a pay-its-own-way basis. Subsidies are -uncertain and were no longer adequate. The literature of chemistry has been growing much more rapidly since the end of World War II than ever before (the mean annual increase during the last 10 years has been 12.S
