May, 1914
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN JAPAN SINCE 1011 Japan’s foreign trade has increased considerably in the last year. Imports in 1912amounted to $318,000,000,in 1913t o $372,ooo,ooo; exports in 1912amounted to $269,000,000,and in 1913 to $321,000,000. Chemical trade has in general shared in this increase, though the establishment of several factories in Japan, financed chiefly by foreign capital, has greatly cut down the importation of some substances such as formalin and acetic and salicylic acids. On January I, 1911,there were, in Japan, 470 factories producing chemicals or related products; of these 159 manufactured explosives, 83 oils and waxes, 77 pharmaceutical products, z I rubber, 1.7 toilet preparations, 30 soaps, 5 dyes, 49 fertilizers, and 33 were unclassified in the official statistics. Germany and England have furnished the larger part of the imports, but in the last three years American competition has made itself keenly felt. The Chemiker-Zeitung, in which appear the above data, publishes also, 38 (1914),395, the following table of chemical imports for 1911and 1912: 1911
Acids: Boric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Citric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acetic ................. Carbolic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salicylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tartaric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........................ m carbonate.. . . . . . . . . . . . .4mmonium chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anilin s a l t s . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antifebrin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antipyrine, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bismuth nitrate,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calcium a c e t a t e . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explosives: D y n a m i t e . , . . . . . . . . . . . . Detonators. . . . . . . . . . . . Other explosives. . . . . . . . Formalin., . . , . , , , , , . , , . , , . , . . , . , Gelatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glycerine., , . . , . , , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , ,
I
49,150 15,550 5,400 69,500 101 ,400 24,150 5,650 34,250
.... 25,100 20,450 84,550 177,150
.... 41,750 39,750 328,750 71,900 20,150 112,550 32,950 408, I00
1912 61,000 20,000 3,450 135,000 53,850 42,700 400 45,900 45,950 71,550 19,450 86,100 83,300 146,000 16,350 82,250 380,050 42,650 50,450 59,550 37,350 393,300
1911
Guaiacol carbonate, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnesium carbonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk sugar.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morphine salts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phosphorus, yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phosphorus, red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium bichromate. . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium bromide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparations, medical, alcoholic . . , . . Quinine salts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhubarb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Santonin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Senega r o o t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium borate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium bicarbonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soda, caustic, raw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soda a s h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals, aromatic, . . . . . . . . . . Other chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drugs, e t c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.... 156.450 8,750 28,450 49.550 97,800 185,350 620,100 49,450 8,800
.... 42,300 8,700 31,750 42,450 38,500 134,100 630,450 564,550
.... 1,689,000 131,250
43 1 1912 66,400 191,100 9,150 34,050 73,850 132,500 187,600 650,100 125.700 25,650 46,450 47,850 10,300 76,450 29,250 70,600 135,450 584,200 694,250 14,950 I ,633,900 66,800
THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN INDIA The chief difficulty the paper industry in India has t o overcome is lack of raw material, since no wood pulp is to be had in the country. This lack is supplied partly’by importation, partly by the use of native grasses, and largely by the use of cotton rags, the supply of which may be judged from the fact that in India over 400,000 tons of cotton goods are used annually. Other raw materials are jute and hemp, and experiments are now being made with bamboo and bagasse, so far without practical results. 109,gives the following figures The Chemiker-Zeitung, 38 (1914), for tlie year 1911: India imported 13,500tons of raw paper materials worth $530,000,of which 5,500 tons came from Sweden, 5,000 from England and 1,600 from Germany. The paper consumption amounts to 70,000 tons annually with a value of O is of domestic manuover $6,000,000;of this $ Z , ~ O O , O Oworth facture and $g,goo,oooworth or more is imported. I n 1911 there were seven paper factories in operation with a combined capital of about $2,000,000.
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES
I
8. T h e OWcial M e t h o d for D e t e r m i n i n g Crude-Fiber as Applied t o Cottonseed Meal. CHAS.K. FRANCIS. 9. T h e Arsenates of Lead. H. 1‘. TARTAR A N D R . H. ROBINSON. 10. T h e Changes Produced b y t h e Wrapping of Bread. H. E. B Is H oP . GENERAL MEETING 11. T h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Lecithin-Phosphorus i n Macaroni Addresses of Welcome. HON. F . S.SPIEGEL,Mayor of Cincinnati, a n d Farinaceous Articles. H . C. FULLER. A N D PRESIDENT CHARLES W. DABNEY.University of Cincinnati. 12. O n t h e C o m p o s i t i o n of Lobster. H. S . BAILEY. Response. THEODORE W. RICHARDS,President of the American 13. T o m a t o Seed Oil. H. S.BAILEY. Chemical Society. 14. T h e Digestibility of Corn C o n s u m e d b y S w i n e . S. C. T h e Chemical Problems of an Active Volcano. (Illustrated.) GUERNSEY. ARTHCJR L. D A Y . 15. Chemical Changes Occurring d u r i n g t h e Period of Silage T h e Chemical F i t n e s s of t h e World for Life. L. J. HENDERSON. F o r m a t i o n . RAY E. hr-EIDIG. F l a m e Reactions. W. D . BANCROPT. 16. Preliminary N o t e s o n t h e Curing of C u c u m b e r Pickles. C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s at Low Pressures. IRVINGLANGMUIR. H. N. RILEY. 17. A Graphic M e t h o d of Calculating Dietaries a n d Rations. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY DIVISION D. L. RANDALL. FLOYDW. ROBINSON. Chairman GLEN F. MASON,Secretary 18. T h e Hydrolysis, u n d e r Pressure, of Sugar S o l u t i o n s . W. S. HUBBARD AND W. L. MITCHELL. 1. Address. FLOYDW. ROBINSON, Chairman. 19. N o t e s o n t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Total Sulfur. PHILIP L. 2. Standards of Food a n d Drug C h e m i s t s . EDWARD GUDEMAN. BLUMENTHAL. 3. T h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Mixed Carbohydrates i n I n f a n t Foods. 20. B a r i u m i n Various P l a n t s . NICHOLAS KNIGHT. T . M . RECTORA N D E. B. WETTENGEL. 21. T h e N o n - U n i f o r m i t y of Drying Oven Temperatures. LORIN 4. T h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of T a n n i n i n T e a . H . C. FULLER. H. BAILEY. 5. A Rapid M e t h o d for t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of S o d i u m Chloride 22. T h e Analysis of Alkali Soils. C. pi. CATLIN. in B u t t e r a n d i t s S u b s t i t u t e s . T. M . RECTOR. 23. D a t e s : Comparative Cost of, i n Akron, Ohio. CHAS. P. 6. A Rapid M e t h o d for t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Unsaponi5able Fox. Matter in F a t s a n d Oils. T. M. RECTOR. 24. T h e C o m p o s i t i o n of Gooseberries w i t h Special Reference 7 . T h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Caffein i n Coffee a n d T e a . H. C. t o T h e i r P e c t i n C o n t e n t . E. H. S. BAILEY. FULLER.
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY FORTY-NINTH MEETING, CINCINNATI, APRIL 6-10,1914 PROGRAM OF PAPERS
THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
43 2
25. A Rapid Method for Commercial Analysis for Marls a n d Limestones. 0. B. WINTER. 26. A M e t h o d for t h e E s t i m a t i o n of Calcium, S t r o n t i u m , a n d M a g n e s i u m i n t h e Presence of Phosphoric Acid a n d Iron. 0. B. WINTER. 27. T h e Chemistry of t h e Decomposition of P e a t a n d M u c k . C. S. ROBINSON. 28. Some P o t Experiments w i t h Mixtures w i t h P e a t a n d M a n u r e in Connection w i t h Various Fertilizers. C. S. ROBINSON.
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY DIVISION CARLL. ALSBERG,Chairman I. K . PHELPS, Secretary 1. Coagulation of A l b u m e n by Electrolytes. WILDERD. BAN-
V O ~6. , NO.j
INDIA RUBBER CHEMISTRY SECTION D. A. CUTLER,Chairman
DORRISWHIPPLE,Secretary
1. T h e Influence of T e m p e r a t u r e in t h e Physical Testing of Rubber Goods. T. L. WORMLEY AND J. B. TUTTLE. 2. Review of R e p o r t of J o i n t R u b b e r Insulating C o m m i t t e e .
DORRISWHIPPLE. The main time of the meeting was taken up with a report of the Analytical Committee and a general discussion.
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS DIVISION GEo. P. ADAMSON, Chairman
S. H . SALISBURY, JR., Secretary
Sulfur i n I r o n Ores. L. SELINE. 2. Pitot T u b e s for t h e M e a s u r e m e n t of Gas Velocities. ANDREW HENDERSON, W. W. PALMERAND L. H . NEWBURGH M . FAIRLIE. 3. T h e F u n c t i o n s of A m m o n i a a n d Phosphoric Acid in t h e Regu3. A Comparison of Various Modifications of t h e Kjeldahl latory Excretion of Acid. L. J. HENDERSON A N D W. W. PALMER. a n d D u m a s M e t h o d s for t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Nitrogen i n Coal 4. Partition of t h e Nitrogen of P l a n t , Yeast a n d M e a t Extracts. a n d Lignite. A . C. FIELDNER AND C. A. TAYLOR. F. C. COOK. 4. T h e M e c h a n i s m of t h e Reaction between Phenolic Bodies 5. Comparison of t h e Various Methods for t h e Quantitative A. J. WEITHA N D F . P. BROCK. a n d Active Methylenes. I. V. REDMAN, D e t e r m i n a t i o n of S u g a r i n Blood. MAXKAHN. 5 . Fluorescence of P e t r o l e u m Distillates. (Lantern.) B. T. 6. Clinical Studies of t h e Russo Test. MAXKAHN. BROOKS A F D R. F. B.4CON. 7. Urinary Catalase i n H e a l t h a n d Disease. MAX KAHNAND 6. T h e M a n u f a c t u r e of Gasoline f r o m Heavy P e t r o l e u m Oils. C. J. BRIM. (Lantern.) B. T. BROOKS,R. F. BACON AND c. W. CLARK. 8. O n t h e Presence of Oleic Acid i n Gastric C o n t e n t s of Patients 7. Some Economic Phases of t h e Gasoline Supply. BENJAMIN Suffering with Gastric C a r c i n o m a . MAXKAHNA N D J. SUBKIS. T. BROOKS. 9. T h e Lipins of Diseased H u m a n Livers. J. ROSENBLOOM. 8. Absorption of Caustic Soda by Cellulose. W. D. BANCROFT. 10. T h e Potassium. C o n t e n t of Cerebrospinal Fluid i n Various 9. T h e Stability of Rosin a t Slightly Elevated Temperatures. Diseases. J. ROSENBLOOM AND V. I ,. ANDREWS. A Correction. CHAS.H. HERTYA N D H. L. Cox. 11. T h e Nitrogen Distribution in Feces. A. R. ROSE. 10. T h e Chemists’ Club. (Lantern.) WILLIAML. DUDLEY. 12. A S t a n d a r d i n t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of A m m o n i a by Nesslerizing 11. T h e Chemist, a Growing F a c t o r in Merchandizing. A. V R. COLEw i t h t h e Dubosc Colorimeter. A. R. ROSE A N D KATHERINE H. MORY. MAN. 12. T h e M e t h o d of Analysis of Gasoline. G. W. GRAY. 13. Nephelometry in t h e S t u d y of Nucleases. P. .4. KOBER. 13. T h e M e t h o d of Testing I l l u m i n a t i n g Oils. G. W. GRAY. 14. A Soluble Polysaccharide i n Lower Fungi. A. W. Dox. 14. Coal Ash i n Some Unusual Phases. S. W.PARR. ’ 15. T h e Chemical Dynamics of Living Protoplasm. W. J. V. 1.5. A Thermoelectric M e t h o d of Determining t h e P u r i t y of OSTERHOUT. P l a t i n u m Ware. G. K. BURGESSA N D P. D. SALE. 16. T h e Physiological Water R e q u i r e m e n t a n d t h e Growth of 16. A Nevada Oil Shale. CHAS.BASKERVILLE. A N D A. GORMLEY. P l a n t s i n Glycocoll Solutions. ALFREDDACHNOWSKI 17. T h e Metallography of Malleable Iron. J. CULVERHARTZELL. 17. T h e E s t i m a t i o n of Amino Acids as S u c h i n t h e Soil. R. S. 18. T h e Pyrometer in t h e Assay Muffle. F. P. DEWEY. POTTER A N D R . S. SNYDER. 19. Note o n a Cause of S p o n t a n e o u s Combustion in Coal Mines. 18. M e t h o d s Adapted for t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Decomposition HORACEG. PORTER. AND in Eggs a n d i n O t h e r P r o t e i n Food Products. H. W. HOUGHTON 20. Graphical Studies of t h e U l t i m a t e Analyses of Coals. OLIVER F. C. WEBER. C. RALSTON. 19. Factors Influencing t h e Quality of American Sardines. 21. A Graphic Method of Classification of Coals. OLIVER C. F. C. WEBERA N D H. W.HOUGHTON. RALSTON. 20. T h e Composition a n d Nutritive Value of t h e Proprietary 22. Osage Orange: I t s Value a s a Commercial Dyestuff. F. W. I n f a n t Foods. F. C. COOKA N D F. C. WEBER. KRESSMANN. 21. T h e Electrical S t i m u l a t i o n of Tissue. OLIVERE. CLOSSON. 23. Some Preliminary Experiments o n t h e Hydrolysis of White 22. A New A p p a r a t u s for Determining Crude Fiber i n Foods, Spruce w i t h Sugar a n d Ethyl Alcohol Yields. (Lantern.) F. W. .Feeding-stuffs, a n d Feces. (Demonstration.) A. D. EMMETT. KRESSMANN. 23. T h e Carbon Dioxide Excretion a s Modified by Body Weight. 24. A Method for t h e Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Brass G. 0. HIGLEY. 24. Enzymes of t h e Central Nervous System. H. M. ENGLISH a n d Bronze. (Pb, Cu, Sn, Sb, Re, Zn.) R. E. LEE, J. P. TRICKEY AND \V. H. FEGELY AND C. G. MACARTHUR. 2 5 , A Method for t h e Rapid Quantitative Analysis of B a b b i t t 25. Proteins of t h e C e n t r a l Nervous System. H. H. MCGREGOR Metals. (Pb, Cu, S n , Sb.) R. E. LEE, J. P. TRICKEY A N D W. H. A N D C. G. MACARTHUR. FEGELY. 26. Specificity in t h e Action of Drugs o n Brain a n d H e a r t Phos26. T h e Composition a n d Testing of Printing ‘Inks. J. B. A N D G. H. CALDWELL. phatids. C. G. MACARTHUR TUTTLE A N D W. H. SMITH. 27. R e d u c t i o n Processes in P l a n t a n d Soil. M. X. SULLIVAN. 27. T h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Carbon i n I r o n a n d Steel by t h e 28. T h e Passage of Nucleic Acid f r o m P l a n t t o M e d i u m . M. X. Barium-Carbonate Titration M e t h o d . J. R. CAIN. SULLIVAN. 28. D e t e r m i n a t i o n of A m m o n i a i n I l l u m i n a t i n g Gas. J. D. 29. Chemical Studies u p o n t h e G e n u s Zygadenus. C. L. EDWARDS. “ALSBERG. 29. T h e Iodine N u m b e r of Linseed a n d P e t r o l e u m Oils. W. FERTILIZER CHEMISTRY DIVISION H. SMITHAND J. B. TUTTLE. J. E. BRECKENRIDGE, Chairman F. B. CARPENTER, Secrelary 30. Chemical J u r i s p r u d e n c e . LOUISHOGREFE. 31. R e p o r t of t h e C o m m i t t e e o n A l u m Specifications. WM. 1. C h a i r m a n ’ s Address. Chemistry a n I m p o r t a n t F a c t o r i n M. BOOTH. t h e Fertilizer Industry. J. E. BRECKENRIDGE. 32. R e p o r t of t h e C o m m i t t e e o n P l a t i n u m . W. F. HILLEBRAND. 2. T h e P r e p a r a t i o n of Neutral A m m o n i u m Citrate. ERMON AND JOEL H. HILDEBRAND. D. EASTMAN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY DIVISION 3. A Comparison of Neutral A m m o n i u m Citrate w i t h S o d i u m B. ALLAN, Chairman C. G. DERICK,Vice-Chairman and Secretary F . Citrate a n d N/10 Citric Acid. PAUL RUDNICK. W. B. DERBYA N D W. L. LATSHAW. 1 . T h e Chemistry of Enzymic Action. (One hour.) J. U. NEF. 4. T h e Separation of Organic Nitrogen f r o m Mixed Fertilizers. 2 . T h e C o n s t i t u t i o n of Acetylacetone-Thiourea. W. J. HALE. C. H. JONES. 3. A C o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e S t u d y of t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n of Hydroxy5 . Separation of Phosphoric Acid f r o m Lime. F. K . CAMERON azo C o m p o u n d s , WILI,IAMMCPHERSONA N D GEORGEW. STRATTON. 6. Separation of P o t a s h f r o m Kelp. (Lantern). F. K. CAMERON. 4. A General M e t h o d f o r t h e P r e p a r a t i o n of Orthoquinones. A N D WILLIAM MCPHERSON. CECILBOORD C o m m i t t e e Reports 5 . T h e Oxidation of Propylene Glycol. WM. LLOYD EVANS, Nitrogen. Progress o n t h e Analysis of Commercial Nitrate E . J. TITZEMANN AND P. R. COTTRIIGER. of Soda. PAUL RCDNICK, Chairman. 6. A S t u d y of t h e M e c h a n i s m of t h e Grignard Reaction. L. Phosphoric Acid. G. FARXHAM, Chairmail THORPA N D 0. KAMM. Potash. J. E. BRECKENRIDGE, Chdirman. i . T h e S t r u c t u r e of t h e Three Dihydro-@-naphthoic Acids. Chairman. P h o s p h a t e Rock. F. B. CARPENTER, Chairman. C . G. DERICKA N D 0. KAXM. Fertilizer Legislation. F. B. CARPENTER, CROFT.
2. Colloidal Swelling a n d Hydrogen I o n Concentration.
L J.
1. New Volumetric
D e t e r m i n a t i o n of
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
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433
8. T h e R e a r r a n g e m e n t of T r i a r y i m e t h y l Azids. J. K. SENIOR. 4. T h e Ideal Diffusion Coefficient a n d a New F u n d a m e n t a l 9 T h e Action of Trioxy-methylene o n t h e A r o m a t i c HydroLaw of Diffusion. G. McP. SMITH. c a r b o n s in t h e Presence of A l u m i n i u m chloride. GEO. B. FRANK5 . F u r t h e r Observations o n t h e P r e p a r a t i o n of Selenic Acid FORTER AND v. R. KOKATNUR. a n d Selenates. PHILIPL . BLUMENTHAL. 10. Studies on Organic Periodides. I. Periodides of M e t h a c e t i n , 6. Concerning t h e Atomic Weights of C a r b o n a n d Sulfur. P h e n a c e t i n a n d T r i p h e n i n . W. 0. EMERY. A N D C. R . HOOVER. T . \V.RICHARDS 11. Periodides of Antipyrin. W. 0. EMERYA N D S. PALKIN 7. T h e Critical P o i n t a n d t h e Signiflcance of “ b ” in t h e E q u a t i o n 12. Molecular R e a r r a n g e m e n t s of Hydrazines. J. STIEGLITZof Van der Waals. THEODORE W . RICHARDS. A N D J. K. SENIOR. 8. T h e P r e s e n t S t a t u s of t h e Absolute Scale of Pressure. TABO13. T h e P h o s p h a t e s of Destearin. R . R. RENSHAW AND R. R. D O R E W. RICHARDS. STEVENS. 9. A M e t h o d for Producing a Reproducible C o n t a c t Potential 14. Electromers a n d Stereomers w i t h Positive a n d Negative bet.ween Liquids. E. P. SCHOCH. Hydroxyl. L. W. JONESA N D L. F. WERNER. 10. T h e Relation between t h e Concentrations a n d t h e Potential 1 5 . Halogen S u b s t i t u t e d Hydroxamic Acids. L. W. J O K E S A N D of t h e Ferrous-Ferric Salt Pole. (Lantern.) E. P.SCHOCH. L. F. WERNER. 11. New Electroanalytical M e t h o d s for Lead, Tin, Copper a n d 16. Formyl-p-benzylhydroxylamine. L. W. JONES A N D hl. C. Antimony. (Lantern.) E. P. SCHOCH A N D D. J. BROWN. SNEED. 12. C o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e Knowledge of t h e A c t i n i u m Series. l i . T h e Addition C o m p o u n d s of Dimethylpyrone with Organic HERBERTN. McCoy A N D EDWIND. LEMAN. Acids. JAMES KENDALL. 13. Solutions of Some F o r m a t e s a n d of Hydrogen Chloride i n 18. Errors in t h e D u m a s M e t h o d for D e t e r m i n i n g Nitrogen (Anhydrous) F o r m i c Acid. Cases o€ Agreement of S t r o n g ElectroDue t o Occluded Gases i n Copper Oxide. C . A . T A Y L O R A N D A . C. A X D A. W. MARlytes w i t h t h e E q u i l i b r i u m Laws. H. I. SCHLESINGER FIELDNER. TIN 19. T h e Isomeric Octacetates of Lactose. C. S . HUDSONA N D 14. Vapor Pressures i n Alcoholic Solutions. 0. F . TOWER. J. M. JOHNSON. 15. Arsenious Oxide as a S t a r t i n g Material i n Acidimetry. 2 0 . S u b s t i t u t i o n in t h e Benzene Nucleus a n d i n t h e Side C h a i n .%LAX w.c. h f E K Z I E S A N D F. pu’. XfCCARTHY. f r o m t h e S t a n d p o i n t of t h e Electronic Conception of Positive a n d 16. Equilibria i n t h e S y s t e m s : W a t e r , Acetone a n d I n o r g a n i c Negative Valences. H. S . FRY. Salts. GEO. B. FRANKFORTER AXD LILLIAXCOHEN. 21. T h e Salts of Acridine. L. H . CONE. 17. T h e Colorimetric D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Manganese by M e a n s 2 2 . T h e Action of Halogen o n 4-Nitro-m-Cresol. L. C. RAIPORD. of Periodate. H. 1% \\-ILLARD A N D L. H. GREATHOUSE. 23. A Simple M e t h o d for t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e Accuracy 18. Electromotive Behavior of Soluble Sulfides. R. C. WELLS. of t h e C o n d u c t a n c e D a t a of Organic Electrolytes. C. G. DERICK. 19. T h e Phase-Rule Investigation of Addition Reactions. (Lan24. T h e Ionization C o n s t a n t of Pyroracemic Acid. C. G. DERICK tern.) JAXES KENDALL. A N D ST. ELMO BRADY. 20. Peculiar Action of Iodine. CHARLEST. P. FENNEL. 25. Symposium-The T e a c h i n g of Organic C h e m i s t r y . 21. Distribution of Caffeine a n d Antipyrin between Chloroform I. T h e o r y of E l e m e n t a r y Organic Chemistry. T h e T e a c h i n g of A X D C. D. WRIGHT. a n d Aqueous Solutions. \Y. 0. EMERY E l e m e n t a r y Organic C h e m i s t r y w i t h o u t t h e Use of Atomic a n d 22. Reaction in Non-Aqueous Solvents. 0. L. BARNEBEY. Molecular Hypotheses. J. B. ALLAN. piscussion. 23. Separation of P o t a s s i u m f r o m S o d i u m by Extraction of 11. Theory of Organic C h e m i s t r y for G r a d u a t e S t u d e n t s . M. T. t h e i r Chlorplatinates w i t h Acetone. 0 . I,. BARNEBEY. BOGERT. Discussion. W h a t Shall Be t h e Character of t h e Ad24. T h e Action of P o t a s s i u m Amide o n t h e Amides of Silver, vanced I n s t r u c t i o n i n Organic Chemistry? R. R . REXSHAW. GenB a r i u m , S t r o n t i u m , Calcium, L i t h i u m a n d Sodium. EDWARD eral discussion. C. FRANKLIN. 111. Laboratory T e a c h i n g of Organic Chemistry. T h e Teaching 25. T h e Action of P o t a s s i u m Amide o n C a d m i u m , Nickel, of Organic C h e m i s t r y i n t h e Laboratory. I, 1x7. JONES. Discussion. a n d C h r o m i u m Salts i n Liquid A m m o n i a Solution. EDWARD C. FRANKLIN. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY DIVISION 26. Gas Analysis by Liquefactions a n d Fractionations. (LanChaivman A. P. SY, Secretary F. R. ELDRED. A N D F . hI. SEIBERT. tern.) G. A . BURRELL 27. T h e Condition of N a t u r a l Gas i n t h e Earth’s S t r a t a . (LanI . M e t h o d s of Analysis of t h e F o r t h c o m i n g P h a r m a c o p o e i a . tern.) G. 4.BURRELLA N D F . h1. SEIBERT. H . W. WILEY. 28. Collisional a n d Diffusional Viscosities. EUGENE C. BINGHAM. 2. Seasonal Variations i n t h e Iodine C o n t e n t of t h e Thyroid 29. T h e Chemical a n d H e a t Energy of Molecules, A t o m s , SubG l a n d . ATHERTON SEIDELL A N D FREDERICK FENGER. 3. S o m e Peculiarities of P r e s e n t Food a n d Drug Laws. FRANK Atoms, a n d Electronic Energy. F. P. SEIBEL. 3 0 . Electrostenolysis. HARRYN. HOLMES. 0. TAYLOR 31. A B u r e t t e Calibrating Pipette. C. UT.FAULK. 4. Notes o n t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Antipyrine. GEORGE D. 32. P r e p a r a t i o n of a S t a n d a r d M a g n e s i u m Salt Solution. C. W. BEAL A N D DUANET . ENGLIS. A N D 0. R . SWEENEY. 5 . F u r t h e r Notes o n Lloyd’s Reagent for Alkaloids. S. WALD- FAULK BOTT
6. E s t i m a t i o n of P h e n a c e t i n a n d Acetanilide i n Admixture.
1V. 0. EMERY. 7 . E s t i m a t i o n of Antipyrin. W .0. EMERY A N D S. PALKIN. 8. E s t i m a t i o n of Caffeine a n d Antipyrin i n Admixture. \V. 0.
EMERY A N D S . PALKIN. 9. E s t i m a t i o n of P h e n a c e t i n a n d Salol i n Admixture.
W. 0.
EMERY, C. C. LEFEBVRE A N D G . C. SPENCER.
WATER, SEWAGE A N D SANITATION SECTION H P. CORSOS.Secretary
EDWARD BARTOW. Chairman
1. Sanitary Survey of White River. (Illustrated.) JOHNC. DIGGS. 2. Hypothetical C o m b i n a t i o n s i n Reporting Water Analyses.
R. B. DOLE. 3 New A p p a r a t u s for t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Hydrogen Sulflde
i n Water. GEORGEB. FRANKFORTER. 4. S a n i t a r y Survey of t h e Ohio River by t h e U . S. Public H e a l t h A N D H. IV. STREETER. Service. W. H. FROST 11. Commercial P a p a i n a n d I t s Testing. H. M. ADAMS. 5. T h e Use of Liquid Chlorine i n T r e a t i n g t h e Water Supply of 12. Some Observations on t h e Leach T e s t for C o u m a r i n . I n d i a n a H a r b o r , I n d . H . E . JORDAN. WILLIAMG. GAESSLER. 6. A d a p t a t i o n t o Water Analysis of P o t a s s i u m a s Perchlorate. 13. Digitalis Ash. CHARLES T . P. FENNEL. CLAREXCE SCHOLL. 14. T h e E s t i m a t i o n of M o r p h i n e . H . hf. GORDIN. 7 . T h e P r e p a r a t i o n of S t a n d a r d s f o r t h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of T u r 15. T h e E s t i m a t i o n a n d Variability of Alcohol i n Galenicals. D. WEST. bidity of Water. FRANCIS L. F. KEBLER. 8. R e p o r t of t h e C o m m i t t e e o n S t a n d a r d M e t h o d s of Water 16. R e s u l t s of t h e E x a m i n a t i o n of S o m e Medical Agents in t h e a n d Sewage Analysis. District of Columbia. L. F. KEBLER. 9. Chemical Studies of t h e Pollution of t h e Ohio River. EARL 17. Extraction of M o r p h i n e f r o m Aqueous Solution. H . BUCH- B. PHELPS. BINDER. 10. Intestigation Relating t o t h e Use of Calcium Hypochlorite a s a Disintectant for Water Supplies. W.G. TICEA N D C. H. BLANCHARD. PHYSICAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY DIVISION I I . Some F u r t h e r Results of t h e Hypochlorite Disinfection of G. A. HULETT,C h a i r m a n R. C. WELLS,Secretary t h e Baltimore City Water S u p p l y : A Comparison of t h e Reduct i o n of t h e Different Members of t h e B coli Group. J. BOSLEY 1. Rapid D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Arsenic i n Poison Cases with t h e THOMAS A N D E . -4. SANDMAN. M a r s h Test. JAMESR. U’ITHROW. 12. Filtration a n d S o f t e n i n g of t h e Cleveland Water Supply. 2. T h e Decomposition Voltages of Salts i n Liquid A m m o n i a . HIPPOLYTEGRVEXER. I . T h e A m m o n i u m Salts. H. P. CADYA N D C. A. NASH. 13. T h e Relation between A l u m i n i u m Sulfate a n d Color in 3. Adsorption a n d Stabilization. J . C. BLUCHERABD E. F . Mechanical Filtration. FRANKE HALE. FARNAU. 10. A M e t h o d for t h e E s t i m a t i o n of P o d o p h y l l u m Resin.
JENKINS.
W.M.
43 4
T H E JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Vol. 6, No. 5
EXCURSIONS The National Cash Register Company Plant a t Dayton, The Cincinnati Filtration Plant is the largest Mechanical or covers eight city blocks, has thirty-eight acres of floor space and employed 7600 persons in 19x3. The annual payroll is Rapid Sand Filter Plant in the world. I t is a part of the New over $6,000,000. The number of registers made in 1 9 1 2 was Water Works which comprise an Intake Pier, Tunnel under 136,489. River, River Pumping Station, two large Settling Reservoirs, RAWMATERIALS USEDIN 1912 Filtration Plant, three Coagulation Basins, Clear Water Reser11,000,000 lbs. sheet steel 183,994 Ibs. tin 135,602 pieces register slabs 5,500,000 lbs. foundry metal voir, 4l/2 mile Tunnel t o Ma.in Station, Main Distribution 602,190 locks 6,500,000 Ibs. gray iron castings Pumping Station, several Sub-pumping stations and many miles 6,800,000 f t . of lumber 610,000 yds. textile 5,000,000 lbs. of paper 236,893 pieces glass of large distribution pipes. The total cost was over I O million 3,129,006 lbs. copper 38,392 tons coal dollars including properties, rights of way, etc. Of the fifteen men on the laboratory staff, there are four The purification system, including two settling reservoirs chemists, two chemical engineers, two mechanical engineers of about 400 million gallons capacity, three coagulation basins and two mechanically trained men. Chemical control is acof about 2 2 million gallons capacity, filtration plant and clear complished by means of process specifications covering many water reservoir, cost about z1/2 million dollars. shop operations such as staining, enameling, varnishing, mixing The filtration plant consists of a chemical house, head house of alloys, fluxes, etc. and filter house. There are 28 filter units with a total capacity The laboratory controls the operation of the water softener, of I I Z million gallons per day. All valves, over zoo in number, purity of the water supply, food and milk supply, purchase of are electrically operated. materials (80 specifications), fuel and lubrication. As an The bacteriological and chemical laboratories are used for unusual duty of the laboratory, many talks on simplified physicontrolling the operation of the plant. The laboratory force conology and health subjects have been prepared. sists of a chief chemist and bacteriologist, one assistant and a The welfare and educational work of this company among helper. its employees is well known to the industrial world. Since the operation of this plant the city has had an uninterNATIONAL CASHREGISTERCOMPANY ITINERARY rupted supply of pure, clear and sweet water, and typhoid fever Arrived in Davton. 9.15 A.M. Assembled for-photograph. has been reduced over 80 per cent. Factory lecture in Hall of Industrial Education. (Illustrated by slides and kinemacolor motion pictures) 9.40 A.M. Over 150 members and guests of the Society visited this plant; Trip through factory (Party divided into groups and furnished with this was a large number considering the fact that there was a guides), 10.30 A . M . Luncheon in Officers' Club, 11.45 A . M steady downpour of rain during the entire afternoon. Train for Middletown. 12.45 P.M. The Globe Soap Company Plant at St. Bernard consists of The American Rolling Mills a t Middletown, in 1832, made the seven buildings connected by 2 miles of private railroad track first crucible steel produced in the U. S. This mill is t h e home in an area of 23 acres. The entire factory is steam-heated and of Ingot Iron. The plant known as the East Works, finished in electrically equipped. About 7j,ooo,oooIbs. of soap products 1911, is the most up-to-date of its kind in the country are produced annually requiring approximately ~oo,ooo,ooo AMERICAN ROLLINGMILLS COMPANY ITINERARY lbs. of raw materials; IOO cars per day can be unloaded and loaded; Address of Welcome, George M. Verity, Pres. Inspection of East Works, 2.15-3.30 P M . (Parties divided into groups about 275 persons are employed and the company maintains a of twenty-five each; each group in charge of a competent guide). Route during inspection of East Works: Open Hearth Department; Local Secretary who works directly under the Local Y. M. C. A. Boiler and Power House; Soaking Pit, Blooming Mill, and Bar carrying on welfare and community work. Mill; Sheet Mill; Annealing Department; Galvanizing Department; Shipping Department. Five Chemical Engineers are employed and the entire manuEntire party transferred by train t o Central Works for inspection of Research Laboratory. facturing process from start to finish is under strict chemical Inspection of Research Laboratory, 3.45 to 4.30 P.M. control. Refreshments served in Warehouse. Train left for Cincinnati, 5.00 P.M. The Proctor and Gamble Plant a t Ivorydale occupies 58 perIn his address, Mr. Verity stated that his company are spendmanent and 2 2 somewhat temporary buildings in 85 acres of ing large sums on chemical control and research, with the result ground. Including the soap, glycerine, stearic acid, red oil, that many fallacies in methods of procedure have been corrected refined oils, lard compound and Crisco, the business of last year and their products greatly improved. exceeded $50,000,000. The New Cincinnati City Hospital occupies grounds covering The power plant is fitted for the most part with Sterling boilers, 2 7 acres. The power house is a zoo0 H. P. plant, equipped with with automatic stokers, and has a rated capacity of 15,000 H. P . three dynamos and an ice-making machine, and having four All grades of soap are made as well as of glycerine, including C. P. and that for dynamite manufacture. The soap department of its boilers equipped for burning natural gas. The Lloyd Library and Museum contains forty thousand equipment includes 64 kettles of 150 tons capacity each. One main laboratory and several small special laboratories volumes devoted t o Botany, Pharmacy, Materia Medica and examine all raw materials upon arrival and control products allied sciences with a section of eclectic medicine. The instituand process. The chemical force includes about twelve chemists tion is incorporated, is free to the public, will never be sold, and will always remain a public institution for the benefit of science. in the control and research laboratory, besides a number of The National Lead Company Plant a t Cincinnati is in five chemists who have charge of various departments. acres of grounds, has 75,000 sq. ft. of floor space in its buildings The factory employs a force of 1500. A committee looks after all dangerous places and makes recommendations for al- and 60,000 sq. ft. in its corroding yard; 10,000 tons of raw materials are used annually, The employees number 175 and the terations or safeguarding employees. For over 2 5 years a annual payroll is $175,000. No effort is spared t o insure the Profit Sharing plan that has proven highly satisfactory to both best working conditions for the employees; locker rooms the company and its employees, has been in operation. There are special provisions for medical attendance and all employees shower baths, dining and rest rooms and a kitchen are furnished and personal cleanliness required. One chemical engineer are insured in one of the large Insurance Companies, for which supervises the chemical control which is exercised throughout the employee pays a small amount and the company the balance. the process. A very large delegation visited the Globe Soap Works and The Lunkenheimer Company, occupying over 500,000 sq. ft. the Proctor and Gamble Plant on the afternoon of April 8th of floor space, has the largest plant in the world devoted exleaving the University of Cincinnati in special cars. Dainty clusively to the manufacture of high-grade engineering specialties. souvenirs of products were presented to the visitors and a very These include almost numberless articles used in steam and refreshing tea was served in the Proctor & Gamble Plant.
I
M a y , 1914
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
marine engineering, in motor engines, in automobiles, and allied branches, Much of the company’s reputation is based on its valves and fittings for extra high pressure and superheated steam. There are two foundries, one being for the non-ferrous metals and the other for the ferrous metals such as cast-iron, semi-steel, malleable cast-iron and special iron alloys. All departments are under chemical control, for which purpose the plant is excellently equipped with analytical, research and physical laboratories. These laboratories link together the sciences of metallurgy and steam engineering. The fullest provisions are made for preserving the safety and welfare of the employees, and a perfectly furnished hospital is centrally located in the plant and under expert supervision W. T. Wagner’s Sons prepare artificial Mineral and Table Waters from pure distilled water and is one of the two firms in the U. S. that follows the chemical analyses of natural waters as a standard for artificial waters The factory covers 16,000 sq. ft. of ground with jo,ooo-sq. ft. of floor space. The factory equipment includes two IOO H. P Tubular Boilers and a water still All pipe lines and tanks o having a daily capacity of z ~ o o - ~ c ) ogals. for cold water are of Block Tin and those for steam and hot water lines are tinned copper. Over 600,000 gallons of finished products are made annually. The chief chemist who is a recognized authority on mineral water manufacture is in charge of a very complete research laboratory for bacteriological and chemical investigation, the equipment of which includes a fine Leitz Microscope and Kruess Spectroscope. Proper safety and welfare provisions are provided. The Eagle White Lead Company uses about 2 million lbs. of raw materials annually and turns out 2 l 1 / 2 million lbs. of finished products. About 2 5 0 men are employed on a $zoo,ooo payroll. The plant is under chemical control. The Old Dutch Process of Corrosion is used. I n addition t o white lead in dry form and ground in oil, other lead pigments are produced as well as Plumbers’ Metal Supplies such as lead pipe, traps, bends and solders of Babbitt metals. The welfare work is chiefly done in connection with the habits of cleanliness necessary for good health and safety. The Wm. S. Merrill Chemical Company manufactures pharmaceutical products and is one of the three oldest concerns in the city. The founder of the business was said t o be the first chemist in the Ohio Valley. The “Icy-Hot” Bottle Company, only five years old, now manufactures 400 models of bottles, jars, carafes, pitchers, luncheon outfits, etc., each embracing the original vacuum principle. The Fleischmann Company are manufacturers of compressed yeast in the U. S., Canada, Mexico and Cuba. The last ten years have brought about great changes in the methods and processes of manufacture and while originally compressed yeast was a by-product of the distillery it is today the main product of the Fleischmann factories; distilled spirits and distilled vinegar are the by-products of their various plants. The Frank Tea & Spice Company attribute their success and reputation for pure products to the closest chemical supervision of the products of importation. The firm is one of the largest importers, grinders and manufacturers in this line. The Dolly Varden Chocolate Company and Colgate & Company expressed their appreciation of what chemical science has done for them by presenting the lady members and guests with souvenirs of their productions. The Cincinnati Health Department Laboratory exercises the most rigid control of all food products as well as offering free medical attention to all its school children in connection with free clinics. The National Biscuit Company-Muth’s Bakery-makes IOO,OOO loaves daily. bread only-over The U. S. Food and Drug Inspection Laboratory is a branch of the Bureau of Chemistry, Department of Agriculture. Its purpose is to carry out the provisions of the Food and Drug Act of June 30. 1906
43 5
The Union Distilling Company Plant was entirely wiped out by fire in rgog but was rebuilt in 1.910and is now a model as to construction and equipment.
The following plants and Andrews Steel Co. Wiedemann Brewing Co. Old “76” Distilling Co.
institutions were also open to visitors: The Zoological Garden. American Oak and Leather Co. J. H. Day Co. (Special Machinery).
James Heekin Spice
Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon
‘’’
ing Machinery).
*’ ‘
(Pump-
Lab-
American Diamalt oratory.
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS DIVISION-REPORT O F COMMITTEE ON ALUM SPECIFICATIONS [It was voted by the Division that this report be printed in THISJOURNAL, so as t o give time for study and discussion of the specifications included, preparatory t o final action at the Montreal meeting.-ED!ToR. 1 COMMERCIAL ALUM-Shall contain not less than 16 per cent alumina (AltOa) and not more than 1.25 per cent iron (FezOa). Shall be free from foreign matter, mechanically mixed through mass. STANDARD GRADE-shall be a clean product, containing not less than 17 per cent alumina (&03), nor more than 50 per cent iron, figured as Fez03. Shall be slightly basic. NEWSPAPER ALUM-I. Must be readily soluble in water. 2. Practically free from insoluble matter other than alumina. (Insoluble alumina in small amount will not be considered objectionable.) 3. It shall contain not more than 1.00 per cent total iron, calculated as ferric oxide (Fe203),nor more than 0.05 per cent of iron, calculated as ferric oxide and present in the ferric condition. 4. It must contain no free acid. 5. Must contain not less than 17 per cent alumina (A1203) combined in the form of sulfate and soluble in water. 6. (Optional.) It must, unless otherwise specified, be ground t o pass a I O mesh sieve. IRON FREE ALUM-I. It must be readily soluble in water. 2 . It must be practically free from insoluble matter other than alumina (insoluble alumina in small amount will not be considered objectionable). 3. Must be snow-white in color. 4. Shall not contain more than 0.05 per cent iron, calculated as FerOt. 5. Must contain no free acid. 6. Shall contain not less than 17 per cent alumina (AlzOa) combined in the form of sulfate and soluble in water. 7. (Optional.) It must, unless otherwise specified, be ground to pass a IO mesh sieve. FILTER ALUM-I. Must be readily soluble in water. 2 . Insoluble matter must not exceed 0.15 per cent. 3 . A1203, at least 17 per cent. 4. Basicity, a t least 3 per cent of the total alumina (A1zO.d present, i. e., a 17 per cent alum must contain 0.51 per cent basic alumina (A120a). 5 . Iron must be less than 0.65 per cent reckoned as FenO,. 6. Payment made on actual percentage alumina (AllOs) present. COLOR MAKERS ALUM-I. Must be readily soluble in water. 2. Insoluble matter shall not exceed 0.15 per cent. 3. Must be free from dark and gritty matter. 4. Alto8, at least 16 per cent. 5. Must be basic. 6. Iron must not exceed 0.01 per cent reckoned as FelO,. SAMPLING AND WEIGHING-A separate sample is t o be taken
