Y (; II\ P: 1.: I\ 1 N G 1 N U U S ' I R 1 A I. A N 1) li I
1082
somewhat slower than t h a t of casein dried at 51-55O C. (123.8-131.O0 F.) hut more cornparable to that of the m e dried a t 100" C. (212.0' F.).
-.
,
..,
85-90 (165-1'34)" 98 (204.8) 100
(212.01
Ili)
('230.01
I20 130
.
liatlier lhill
Tliiek
40
Tliiok
40 40
+
048.0) 40 (286.0) Swelied. drd not diarolve 140 C284.01 Swolled. did not dissolve 150 (302.0) Sw~lledsliphtly~ did not d i a a d v r Fmm ~reviiiriiswork
Thirkei l l i m iliaeno differences in the speed of solubility and in the viscosities of the solutions of the various samples. CoNCtUdloN
Very lung drying a t 51.65" C. (123.8-131.O0 F.), the usual commercial drying temperatures, does n o t affect the solubility of casein. On the basis of the above results, the authors recommend continued adherence to tlieae customary drying temperatures. Rec=tveo MSY 17, 1932
A M E R I C A N CONTEMPORARIES Lyman Churchill Newell HE friendship bet,weeri P r o f e s s o r Newell and the writer came about in consequence of our hrtving the same hobby. We find pleasure in tho history of chemistry. And when I commeim to write down my impressions of Professor Newell it is in terms of the history of clremistry that I first t.hink &out him. Others know him :is 8 skilful, pairist;iking, and patient teaehcr, and thoussrids know him vicariously througtl Ius high-%hod and college textbooks; but no one can know him long without Irecoming aware ni his interest in the history of ehembtry or without falling, according to thc suacnptibility of the individuiil, under the spell of his hobby. J'rofesfior Newel is R busy nmn, busy with experimentation, with writing, rritii t ho rev& ing of his textbooks, with teaching aiid with m u c h uiirriinititrstive work a t Boston University. with organimtionu and cammitters. One doubts if he could do so much, if he didn't nlso trave other and different things to do. In study and srit,ing on the history a i rhemistry, he finds relief from his other duties and renewd energy for n more vigorous attack u p m thcm. And in thcm he finds many things which give poignanry and delight to the history of ehemistry. During the winter Professor and Mrs. Newell attend reguM y the symphony concertsat Bmton. This diversion, however, J do not. consider to tie B hobby. But he has another. Professor and Mrs. Newell spend their summers ut Ogunquit, Me., in a cottiige & above the rocky c o a t among the pines and junipem, the bay and the blueberry bushes. The garden which they have t,herr is, I a,m sure, B hobby witb both of thrm. Before the m o w has lcft the ground Professor h'ewell gets out his collection of seed catalogs. Soon others arrive by mnil, and thore are evenings a t his home when no xmrk is done. Then in May after tho frost is out of the ground he takes vwek-ends away from school, drives to Maine, plants seeds, trims and prunes, counts the goldfish, and generally supervises the preparation of the garden for the summer.
110 is expert in gladioli and the varieties of Sedum. A humming bird visits his delphinium. A great frog hides beneath the lily pads in tlie pool or shows metallic eyes above the surface. The goldfish are plump, being fed rewlarly; they also destroy mosquitos; : ~ n dtheir nnmw m e Tony Lnvuiaier, Johnny Berselius, Mrs. Count Rumford, and so forth. A ~ A Z ought I to have a hol>hy. As E. E. Southad once remarked, he aught to have more than one in order to be perfectly stable. A specialist with one interest has only one log t,o strrnd upon; he is, ns Dr. Sonthard put it, like t,he cone standing upon ita point which is shown in the picture representing the three t,ypes of equilibrium in the old books on natural philosophy; he is unst,able and can full in any direction. A specialty and a hobby are two legs to s t m d upon, and the man s h o has them is like the cone lying upon its side. But the man who has three legs is like the cone standing upon its base, perfectly &able. Professor Newell has u t l r s s t ino i:le:~rly indieat,cd hobbies. Ire is one of the sanest men 1 know. J,yman Churchill h'ewell ~ 8 born 6 in I'a~vtueket, It. I., Sei,tember 18, 1867, of old New England ancestry. After attending the public schools of I'aawtueket., he went to Brown University where he WRS awarded tlie hachelor's degree in 1890 and the m&st,er'sdegree in 1891. He was eleet.ed to PI" Beta Kappa in 1890, and from that time has retained his interest and activity in the organization. L&tv heinearporeted the chapter a t Boston University, served as its president for several years, raised its permanent fund, and is at. present in service as treasurer and director. During his graduate yrss at Brown he acted BS p a r e time assistant in the chemistry iaboratory, a t the same time doing some teaching in the Pawtucket Hikh School. The following year he devoted full time to the latter place, teaching chemktry, physics, and German. He entered the Graduate School of Johns Ilopkics Vniversity in 1892, majored in rrganir chemistry with
September, 1932
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1083
Ira Remsen, minored in mineralogy, and received the degree of been able to observe the splendid spirit of cooperation which predoctor of philosophy in 1895. At the present time he is chairman vails among its members. The class of 1918 dedicated to him its yearbook, ‘(The Hub.” For a number of years he was chief of a committee which is collecting memorabilia of Remsen-portraits, autographed letters, etc.-for a permanent collection at marshal of commencement week. In spite of much classroom and administrative work, he still finds time for experimental Johns Hopkins. While he was a t Baltimore, Newell caught from Remsen the research (generally in inorganic chemistry) with an occasional historico-chemical infection and began to collect portraits of emi- graduate student, and time also for the work which has made him nent chemists The collection has grown continuously; several an authority on the history of American chemistry. His articles trips to Europe gave him opportunity to make noteworthy addi- in the Dictionary of Amen’can Biography, in the Journal of Chemitions to it; and there is now scarcely a chemist of distinction who cal Education, and elsewhere, have been written with scrupulous is not represented by one or more portraits. Soon he began col- attention to accuracy. He has spent many hours in searching out lecting autographed letters of chemists, cartoons, commemorative dates and in chasing down details which he might have chosen to medals, and particularly material relative to the history of chem- omit. istry in this country, on which subject he is a leading authority Some years ago Professor Newell began to amuse himself by and has published many important papers. His collection is no writing verses for children, “Rhymes for Roxana and Jingles for miser’s hoard, but he uses it for study and in his teaching at Bos- Juliet,” and has continued the practice with more recent verses ton University, and he has exhibited portions of it a t meetings of for grown-ups. Many have been written for the Christmas and the History of Chemistry Division of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL other parties of the chemistry staff a t Boston University. SevSOCIETY. Autographed letters appeal to him more strongly than eral have appeared in the News Edition of INDUSTRIAL AND old chemistry books; they seem more living and personal. He ENQINEERINQ CHEMISTRY.Every now and again he gives me likes to circulate a letter-for example, an autographed letter of his latest one. They are best when recited by their author, Robert Boyle-among the members of his class in the history of especially if it be to a group of chemists in a Pullman car on their chemistry, and to point out to the students that they hold in way to a meeting of the AMERICANCHEMICAL SOCIETY. I quote their hands the same piece of paper which Boyle once held. two selections from my own copy of the author’s limited edition: Then portraits of Boyle are shown, portraits of his friends and No man or woman o m deny contemporaries-perhaps one of his friend, John Winthrop, Jr., The cost of living’s very high. the first chemist in North America and the first governor of ConBut ’twill go down in coming years necticut Colony. Then perhaps other letters are circulated. If we will shed some profiteers. The story of chemistry is thus brought near t o the student, and * * * * things appear in it which connect with the student’s earlier interThe big books say that wisdom ests no matter what those interests may be. Newell’s course in Is knowing all that’a known the history of chemistry is a cultural course in the Boston UniBefore you‘re over eighty, In fact before you’re grown. versity College of Liberal Arts. But I believe that wisdom, After leaving Johns Hopkins, Newell became teacher of chemWhenever I’m perplexed, istry and German a t the newly built English High School of Is not so much in knowing Somerville, Mass., where he equipped a new laboratory and As in knowing what comes next. organized the Chemistry Department. He remained here three Professor Xewell is active in the local and in the national affairs years, until 1898. I n that year the New England Association SOCIETY. He has served the Northof Chemistry Teachers was formed, and Newell became its first of the AMERICANCHEMICAL president. This organization, which still flourishes, was one of eastern Section as councilor a t various times for many years and the first of its kind, and during more than twenty years accumu- as chairman in 1925-26. It is in large part the result of his eflated experience which proved to be of value when the Division forts that the section is an incorporated entity in possession of of Chemical Education of the AMERICANCHEMICAL SOCIETY was a permanent trust fund. Recently he has been chairman of the instituted. The printed Reports of the New England Association section’s committee on the Theodore William Richards Medal with the duty of collecting money for the endowment of the medal of Chemistry Teachers helped to blaze the trail for the Journal of Chemical Education of which Newell is editor for historical chem- and of making arrangements with the artist, Cyrus Dallin, and istry. He is still serving, after more than twenty years, as the R-ith the makers of the medal, the Gorham Company. The first only permanent officer of the Yew England Association of Chem- award of the medal was made last May to Arthur A. Noyes. istry Teachers-the curator of its library and museum which are When the History of Chemistry Section of the AMERICANCHEMICAL SOCIETY was founded in 1922 through the efforts of Edgar maintained in-one of the buildings of Boston University. From 1898 to 1904 he was teacher of chemistry in the newly Fa& Smith, Charles Albert Browne was elected chairman and established State Normal School a t Lowell, Mass., where for the Lyman C. Newell secretary. Newell remained secretary until second time he equipped a chemistry laboratory, Here also he 1927 when the section became a division and elected him to the chairmanship, a position which he still occupies. He is a foundacommenced the writing of his series of textbooks. When he came to Boston University in 1904, Professor Newell tion member of the History of Science Society, and a fellow of for the third time was called upon to equip a new chemistry labo- the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. As a friend I have found Professor Newell long-headed in ratory. His department a t present consists of three men professors, one woman instructor, and requisite assistants and secre- council, patient, sympathetic, loyal, and possessed of a sense of taries. It is a busy department which has turned out many suc- humor which is refreshing and a solvent for difficulties. TENNEY L. DAVIS cessful chemists and teachers of chemistry. As an outsider I have
THEPRODUCTION OF METALLIC CADMIUM in the United States in 1931 amounted to 1,050,529 pounds, valued at $409,706, equivalent to only 38 per cent of the record high output established in 1930. The value in 1931 was only 23 per cent of that in 1930. Sales of cadmium by domestic producers were 1,544,414 pounds, valued a t $594,668, compared with 1,664,644 pounds, valued a t $1,060,067, in 1930, a decrease of only 7 per cent in quantity, but of 44 per cent in value. The average value reported by producers
in 1931 was 39 cents a pound as compared with 64 cents in 1930. Domestic manufacturers also reported production of the following cadmium compounds in 1931: cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfate, cadmium hydrate, cadmium oxide, cadmium chloride, cadmium carbonate, cadmium lithopone, and cadmium selenide. The estimated cadmium content of cadmium compounds produced was 337,200 pounds, valued a t $331,119, in 1931, compared with 316,300 pounds, valued a t $323,718, in 1930.
