February 10, 1925
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
13
A m o n g Chemists Edward P. Bartlett, associate professor of chemistry at Pomona College, Clairmont, Calif., is on a year's leave of absence from the college and has accepted an appointment in the Haber Division of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. J. B. Brown, formerly research chemist with Swift and Company, Chicago, 111., has accepted the position of assistant professor of physiological chemistry at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. W . L. Hawes, who, for the past two and one-half years, has been chemical engineer in charge of elaboration for the du Pont Nitrate Company at Aficina Pena Grande, Iquique, Chile, is now connected with the explosives division of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, doing development work at the Eastern Laboratory, Gibbstown, N. J. Franklin Hollander is no longer associated with the GrayIndustrial Laboratory of Newark as research chemist. He has opened a consulting office at 1 Union Square, New York. Edward S. Marciniak has been appointed as a bio-assay assistant for the Pharmacological Laboratory, Bureau of Chemistry. He graduated in June, 1924, from the Maryland University School of Pharmacy. John Marshall, professor emeritus of chemistry and toxicology at the University of Pennsylvania, died at his home in Philadelphia, January 5, 1925, after a lingering illness. Dr. Marshall was born in Reading, Pa., February 9, 1855. In 1897 he was appointed to the chair of chemistry and toxicology at the University of Pennsylvania, which position he held continuously until he retired from active work in 1922. G. N. Quam, who recently received his Ph.D. from Iowa State College is head of the department of chemistry in Midland College at Fremont, Nebr. this year. Dr. Quatn's major work was in inorganic chemistry. Charles L. Reese, of E. I. du Pont d e Nemours & Company, was the speaker at the January meeting of the Toledo Section, which was held on Tuesday evening, January 13. Dr. Reese chose as his subject "Some Developments in Higher Explosives." Margaret Shepherd has been appointed as a bio-assay assistant and assigned to the Pharmacological Laboratory, Bureau of Chemistry, to assist in the work of that laboratory on the standardization of medicinal products. Roy A. Shive, recently of the Illinois State Water Survey, has joined the research staff of the Liberty Yeast Corporation and will be located at Pekin, III. R. Norris Shreve, Chairman of the D y e Division of the American Chemical Society, addressed the graduate students in chemical engineering at Columbia University, December 18th, speaking on the subject on the manufacture of beta-naphthol. Charles E. Smith, a Senior Naval Stores Classifier, will be assigned the task of training some of the younger men engaged to classify naval stores as well as to do some classifying himself. He has been an official naval stores inspector and a member of the New York Produce Exchange for many years. Herbert P. Strack, formerly secretary-treasurer of the Savannah Section of the A. C. S. and research chemist for the Southern Cotton Oil Co., is now assistant state chemist of Tennessee. He was presented with a handsome fountain pen by the Savannah Section when he resigned his office. Sam Tour, metallurgist of the Doehler Die-Casting Co., is now located at the Batavia plant of that firm. D . S. Villars, who received the degree of Ph.D. from the Ohio State University last August, is now working at Harvard University on a National Research Fellowship in chemistry on "The Photolysis of Potassium Nitrate." Wesley K. Ward, Jr., has been appointed as a Junior Chemist» Bureau of Chemistry. He graduated with a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering in 1923 from the University of Texas. T. B. Wayne recently became associated with the Imperial Sugar Company, Sugar Land, Texas, as chief chemist of their refinery and raw sugar factory. Previously, he was manager of The Morse Laboratory Company, Inc., New Orleans, La., a firm of analytical and consulting chemists to the Louisiana sugar industry. Roland Woodward, Jr. has resigned as development engineer of E. R. Squibb & Sons to accept a position with E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. in the engineering department at Wilmington. H. W. Wright has accepted a position as head of the chemistry department in Union College located a t Barbourville, Ky.
Indeterminate Results There is nothing more annoying to a chemist than inconclusive laboratory results. Work must be done over and valuable time and material wasted. The presence of unknown or unconsidered i m p u r i t i e s in reagent chemicals is a frequent cause of indeterminate reactions. Chemicals of uniform purity and strength are indispensable to accurate results, in either research or chemical control work. The famous C. P. "Baker's Analyzed" label is your guarantee of purity in r e a g e n t c h e m i c a l s . It shows the analysis even to the slight impurities present. Specify "Baker's Analyzed" on your next order for C. P. chemicals, and be sure of reliable results. Write for Catalog and Price List
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l l t h E d i t i o n , I l l u s t r a t e d , C l o t h $9.00 P o s t p a i d Chemists should know the practical value of this work. It gives in systematic arrangement t h e methods of to-day for the q u a n t i t a t i v e determination of chemical substances by measure as applied to solids, liquids, and gases. It touches upon all lines of applied chemistry and interests the worker in small laboratory as well as the big works specialist. M u c h valuable information has been presented in this new edition which marks advances of a decade—the time elapsed since former edition appeared. B y Francis S u t t o n , F . I . C . , F . C . S . W i t h N u m e r o u s Additions. By W. Lincolne S u t t o n , F . I . C . , Public A n a l y s t for the Counties of Norfolk, and Suffolk, N o r wich, Ipswich, etc., a n d Alfred E . Johnson, B . S c , Lond., F . I . C . , A.R.C., S c . L , Additional Public A n a l y s t for the C o u n t y of Stafford and the Borough of W o l v e r h a m p t o n , etc.
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{Continued from page 6) index of toxicity varies with the motor and may decline to 0. The value rises when the motor runs idle and when retarded. It is pointed out that in garages the running" of motors idle or retarded should be reduced to a minimum t o avoid production of a rapidly increasing amount of carbon monoxide. NEW
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T Y P B OF ACCUMULATOR
M. Fery, who has constructed physical apparatus of various types, such as refractometers, spectrographs, pyrometers, constant delivery piles, etc., h a s recently described a new type of accumulator used with success in France during the war, and which is destined to revolutionize the storage-battery industry. He has made a careful study of t h e theories of Planté according to which the generally accepted explanation of sulfation is incorrect. Lead sulfate is n o t formed at the t w o electrodes during the normal discharge of the battery, but only black peroxide of lead, Pb2Oô, and plumbous sulfate, PD2SO4. Sulfation, which is the principal defect of lead accumulators and is the cause of spontaneous discharge of t h e battery, is d u e to the combined action of oxygen and of electrolyte on the negative plates, resulting in a transformation of plumbous i n t o plumbic sulfate. The sulfation of a discharged or an unused battery can be prevented by protecting the negative plate, not only from the oxygen of the air but from that liberated from the lead peroxide of the position plate. This can b e accomplished b y placing the negative plate a t the bottom of the ceil and separating it from the positive plate by a porous mass which keeps the two electrodes immovable. Such a battery if allowed to remain discharged for two years can be normally recharged and shows no trace of ι sulfation. ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT O F SEWAGE
The use of activated sludge for the treatment of sewage is not as yet widespread in France. There is, however, an experiI mental station for work along this line at Montmely, near Paris. It is known that activated sludge transforms ammonia into nitric acid b y means of the oxygen of the air. M . Cavel has shown that above a certain hydrogen-ion concentration the trans formation of the ammonia does not take place. A few milli grams of nitric acid, whether or not accompanied by other acid, in the liquid to be treated by t h e activated sludge arrests the nitrification of the ammonia. This observation is important in showing that acid effluents from industries should not be allowed to enter the sewage before its treatment by activated sludge. FRANCE ENCOURAGES U S E OP FERTILIZERS
BLOXAM Chemistry Organic, Inorganic, With Experiments
The French parliament has established a credit of 20 million francs to encourage the use of fertilizers. T h e annual production of ammonium sulfate in France is at present 115,000 tons, and that of cyanamide is 45,000 tons. The importation for November and December was 75,000 tons of ammonium sulfate. Under the Dawes plan a delivery of 90,000 tons per year at 1200 francs per ton is expected. The French price of ammonium sulfate is 1100 francs per ton. These prices are too high for the French farmers. For this reason the Government h a s granted a bonus of 0.4 franc per kilogram of nitrogen used as fertilizer. This is to apply to the 115,000 tons derived from the French industry and the 90,000 tons imported from Germany. It is hoped that this relatively small governmental expenditure will result in an I increased harvest.
l l t h E d . 310 I l l u s t r a t i o n s , C l o t h $9.00 P o s t p a i d
NITROGEM FIXATION P L A N T S
During the discussion of the budget, the Senate made public the report of M. Pa tard, director general of powder, on the construction of nitrogen fixation plants at Toulouse. Contracts have been made with Schneider and Creusot for installations by t h e catalysis process to cost 16,280,000 francs, and with Alais Froges and Camargue for a plant to operate by the Casale process, at a price of 13,500,000 francs. It is expected that these installations will be completed in 1926.
A single volume reference book to all chemistry is invaluable. T h e editors have k e p t Bloxam well abreast of the advances in the various fields of chemistry and present this new edition as a c o m p a c t , complete work, thoroughly representative of the present s t a t u s . Among new articles in this edition is present views on a t o m TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH GERMANY s t r u c t u r e ; q u a n t u m theory; crystal s t r u c t u r e ; spectroDiscussions of a treaty of commerce with Germany have scopy, etc. recently taken place and i t is expected that an early agreement in regard to the chemical industry will be reached. Anticipating the signing of this treaty, the customs tar.ffs, as reported in the By Charles L. Bloxam. R e v i s e d by A r t h u r G. Journal Official have been greatly modified, especially in regard to chemical products. Bloxam, F . L C , a n d S. J . Lewis, D . S c , F . I . C . , ( E n g . ) . VOISIN
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M. Jean Voisin, associate general secretary of the Société de Chimie Industrielle, gave an interesting account of his recent trip to the United States to his colleagues. H e was deeply impressed by the cordial reception extended t o him by numerous American chem sts. He confirmed the widespread impression as to the increasing prosperity of the American chemical industry. January 2, 1925
February JO, 1925
INDUSTRIAL
AND ENGINEERING
Northeastern Section Arranges Popular Lectures on X-Rays
CHEMISTRY
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We offer t h e following
On Friday evening, February 13th, the Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society will hold a series of three talks, all dealing with some phase of "X-Rays and the Struc tures of Crystals and Atoms," in the Walker Memorial Building of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. These talks will all be illustrated b y demonstrations, slides, and models. T h e addresses will be entirely popular and yet should give the layman a remarkable insight into t h e present status of t h e new theories of matter and the atom. The program is under the auspices of the Research Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of t h e Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The talks to be given b y three speakers who are internationally known as experts in this field are a s follows: "The Nature and Production of X-Rays, Radiography, and X-Ray Diffraction as Applied to Problems of the Industrial Research Laboratory," b y Dr. H. H . Lester, Director of Research, U. S. Arsenal, Watertown, Mass. This address will b e illustrated by X-Ray ex perimental demonstrations through t h e cooperation of the Victor X-Ray Corporation. "The Analysis and Signiiicance of Crystal Structures as Determined by X-Rays," by Dr. Wheeler P. Davey, Research Laboratory of the General Blectric Co„. Schenectady, Ν . Υ. This address will be illustrated by illuminated models and slides. "The Scattering of X-Rays and Atomic Structure," by Prof. P . Debye, now a guest of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech nology, who is the world's greatest authority on this subject. This will be his only appearance before any section of the Amer ican Chemical Society.
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