2. Since the six equations are regarded as definitions, they require no justification other than the well-known utility of the formulation of chemical thermodynamic& in which they occur. 3. Heat and the absolute temperature are left undefined and without "intuitive descriptions" (38) so they require no more discussion than to call attention to rules for their measurement (39)in elementary textbooks of physics or the extensive literature of calorimetry and thermometry (40).
ciples in Statistical Mechanics. Chap. 14. Discussion of Thermodynamic Analogies, pp. 164-167. (13) ~'ABRo,A,, "The Rise of the New Physics," Dover Publications, New York, 1951, Vol. I, pp. 193-198. C. B., AND OAKLEY, C. O., "Principles of (14) AI~~~ENDOERFER, Mathematics." McGraw-Hill Book Co.. New York. 2nd Ed., 1963, pp. 1-47, Logic and Sets. (15) LINDSAY,R. B., AND MARGENAU, H., "Foundations of Physics," Dover Publications, New York, 1957, p. 158. (16) GIBBS,3. W., "Scientific Papers," Dover Publications, New York, 1961,Vol. I, p. 1 Noh. (17) ibid, pp. 1-2. (18) ibid, p. 36. (19) ihid, p. 354. (20) a i d , pp. 63,92. (211 ibid. OD.89-92, ,~~ ~~~~,~~~ - , ~-~ ~
Literature Cited (1) ~AI~LIWEH L L ,F. AND NYBURO,S C., Science Progress, 46, 451 (1958). "Statements of the First and Second
Laws of Thermodynamics " (2) CARATHEODORY, C., Mathematische Annalen, 67, 355 (19091 "Investieations of the Foundations of Thermo-
(1949) A clear exposition of Br#m principles. (5) CALLEN,H. B., "Thermodynamics," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1960, p. 192. Four postulates. ( 6 ) HATSOPOUI.~~, G. N., A N D KEENAN, J. H., "Principles of General Thermodynamics," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1965. Contains a "new set of postulates and definitions." ( 7 ) DIXON,J. R., AND EMERY,A. H. JR., Am. Scientist, 53, 428 (1965). "Semantics, Operationalism, and the Molecular-Statistical Model in Thermodynamics." (8) M A C ~ ~ AD., E , J . CHEM. EUUC.,32, 172 (1955). "The Int,roduction t o Thermodvnamics 11." (9) IBELE,W., KOSSINI,F., AND TISZA,L., Int. Sd.and Tech., No. 42, p. 56 (1965). "What Is Thermodynamics?' (10) GIBBS,J. W., "Scientific, Papers," Dover Publications, New York, 1961, Vol. I, pp. 1-434. "Thermodynamics." (11) ibid, Vol2, pp. 1-15, "On the Fundamental Formulae of Dynamxs" (12) GIBBS,J. W , "Collected Woiks," Longmans, Green, and C o , New York, 1931, Vol 2, Part 1, Elementary Pnn-
(23) ibid, pp. 350-371. (24) SYNGE,J . L., AND GRIFFITH,B. A,, "Principles of Mechanics," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 2nd ed., 1949, pp 286-302. (25) GIBBS,J. W., loc cit., p 65 (26) t b d D. 148 (27) ibid; p. 332. (28) ibid, p. 5. (29) ihid, p. 9 Note. (30) ihid, p. 12. (31) ibid, p. 86. (32) ihid, p. 96. (33) ihid, p. 129. DD. 92-96. (34) &id.... (35) ihid,p.61. (36) SEARS,F. W., AND ZEMANSKY, M. W., "University Physics," Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass., 3rd Ed., 1963. (37) GIBBS,J. W., ioc. cit., Vol. 1, p. 2 Note. (38) ALLENDOERPER, C. B., AND OAKLEY,C. O., loc. cit., pp. 3-6. Para. 1.2 Definitions and para. 1.3 Propositions. (39) SEARS,F. W., AND ZEMANSKY, M. W., loc. cit., p. 1. para. 1-1. The fundamental indefinables of mechanics. "The rule for measuring an indefinable takes the place of a
d Do! Scientific Writings of J . Willard Gibba, Vol 1, Thermodynamics," Yale University Press, New Haven, 1936, 19 According to E. B Wilson, Gibbs began his Lectures on Thermodynamics on October 3, 1899 with a statement to the effect that "The measurements in our subject fall into two sets, thermometry and calorimetry."
An "Elementary" Quiz Match the name of the element with its discoverer (middle column) and its most apt description (right hand column) See page 618 for answers A B. C. D. E F. G. H
TANTALUM GALLIUM ZINC CESIUM MANGANESE KRYPTON POLONIUM TIN
Cavendish Geoffoiy the Younger Curie Gahn Tubal-Cam Berzelius anon (8) de Boisbaudrau (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
(a) Cogitate
(h) What they put dead people in Country in Ancient Europe (d) Weak Martini (el Friend of Hamlet ( f ) German ship ( a ) Roman emDeror (h) Large spider
(c)
(1) GENERAL ANILINE& FILMGORP. N. Y., 13902 BINGHAMTON,
588
/
Journal o f Chemical Education
Not tick
