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An Important Reference for Atomic Spectrometrists Metal Vapors in Flames. C. Th. J. Alkemade et al. xxii + 1033 pp. Pergamon Press, Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, N.Y. 10523. 1982. $95
Alkemade et al. have done for flame spectroscopy what Boumans did for dc arc spectroscopy.
Reviewed by Michael Parsons, Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. 85281 The arrival of a truly complete and well-written book is extremely rare. I can't remember when I have read 1000-plus pages of scientific text that were more readable and provided such an exhaustive treatment of a subject. Alkemade et al. have done for flame spectroscopy what Boumans did for dc arc spectroscopy. This book is well worth $95. The authors point out in the preface that the reference is unique among books on flames in that it covers "in one volume all the main aspects of metal vapours in flames, such as excitation, radiation, dissociation, ionization, and diffusion." As a scientist particularly interested in the fundamental aspects of flame spectroscopy, I was especially impressed and pleased with Chapter II, "Basic Concepts and General Relationships." The authors cover not only the basic analytical relationships but also the vital concepts of thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics, and intensities (absorbances) of atomic and molecular transitions. An important aspect of this section is the bridging between analytical chemists, physicists, and astrophysicists in terminology and use of symbols. This chapter in itself represents a document of significance. Chapter III, "General Instrumental Aspects and Experimental Methods," could serve as a text for a course in atomic spectroscopy. The coverage is comprehensive and includes the important topics of noise and noise measurement. The only omission in my opinion is the lack of attention to the impact of microcomputers on atomic spectroscopic instrumentation. Chapter IV, "Types and Properties of Unseeded Flames," brings together
a wealth of information on the flame itself and includes for the first time much data on the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. Of theoretical importance are the chapters on excitation processes, line broadening, and ionization. Also valuable is the inclusion of molecular species in the discussions wherever applicable. The appendices are well thought out and contain important and useful information. They include conversion factors, fundamental constants, a list of symbols and terms, ionization energies, spectral line characteristics, general radiant qualities and several important derivations and concepts. Finally, the bibliography is outstanding. It is presented in the most useful format imaginable and is 70 pages long. Of course, since the choice of references reflects an author's particular biases no one would agree totally with the selection. In conclusion, no atomic spectroscopist should be without this important reference book. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Part I, Vol. 5. P. J. Elving, Eli Grushka, I. M. Kolthoff. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10158. 1982. $65
Reviewed by David Hume, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 The Kolthoff-Elving "Treatise on Analytical Chemistry" has been recognized as a comprehensive and definitive source of information for all analytical chemists ever since the volumes of the first edition started appearing in the late 1950s. Now that the first few volumes of the second edition are
becoming available, it is clear that the same high standards that characterized the earlier work are being maintained. This volume contains 12 chapters— the work of 19 authors, all recognized experts in their fields. Coverage is thorough—four of the chapters are between 75 and 100 pages in length. References to the original literature are plentiful, and there is a good index. The first two chapters constitute a section on sample preparation: the decomposition and dissolution of inorganic and organic material. The remaining 10 deal with separation techniques. The first of these is a lengthy and mathematical chapter on principles of chemical separations. This is followed by a chapter that discusses mechanical methods such as filtration, flotation, cycloning, and electrostatic separation. Three chapters are devoted to membrane processes, the first covering types of membranes and their characteristics, the theory of their operation, and the mechanisms involved in the various membrane processes (dialysis, osmosis, pervaporation, facilitated transport, etc.). The other two treat specialized topics: anisotropic ultrafiltration membranes for separation of biopolymers and biomedical separations using liquid membranes. Crystallization and precipitation, the oldest and still the most important processes for obtaining pure solids in analysis, are given the extensive chapter they deserve. That the possibilities for further development of these basic methods are far from exhausted is demonstrated by the proliferation of techniques related to zone refining. The growing importance of one of the newest techniques—adsorptive bubble separation—is clear from the 353 references in the chapter devoted to it. Distillation, although it has been largely superseded by gas chromatography for direct analysis of liquid mixtures, is still important for separations on a macro scale, and an excellent
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 55, NO. 7, JUNE 1983 · 769 A
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chapter on the principles and practice is provided. The last two chapters in this volume deal with liquid-liquid distribution methods. The first focuses on simple extraction of a solute from one immiscible liquid into another, while the second treats the more complicated situations involved in countercurrent distribution. This volume is an excellent compilation and exposition of the principles and methods of present-day analytical separations, but it is more than that. The contributors have broad and varied interests, and their thinking is not confined within the conventional boundaries of analytical practice. Repeatedly, new ideas and developments from other disciplines—notably biochemistry, medicine, and chemical technology—are introduced. These concepts, which we would be unlikely to encounter otherwise, are brought to our attention and should be the source of an abundance of ideas for new approaches to the difficult problems always confronting us.
Biochemical Applications of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies. P. R. Carey, xi + 262 pp. Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1982. $34 Reviewed by Bernard Bulkin, Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201
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In the late 1960s, Richard Lord at MIT began to show the potential of laser-excited Raman spectroscopy for the study of biological molecules. His work built on a tradition of such studies in prelaser days, which, however, had never really been able to solve many problems in biochemistry. The combination of better spectroscopic components (lasers, holographic gratings, new photocathodes with very low dark counts, photon counting) and computer interfacing for data acquisition, signal averaging, and data reduction changed this situation. Soon many workers followed Lord into the vast areas of unsolved solution biochemistry problems. Resonance Raman spectroscopy, in which the spectrum is excited in an electronic absorption band, had been known since the early days of Raman spectroscopy itself. Placzek's classic paper on Raman theory contains many of the important principles of resonance Raman spectroscopy. It moved to the forefront of biological application interest with the striking results obtained by Spiro and his coworkers at Princeton on cytochrome C and hemoglobin. Resonance Raman
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CSA 302 features & specifications: • Proved analytical system, e.g. IR Photometer BINOS® · Capacity for simultaneous analyses · Automatic weight correction · Simple operation • Compact construction • Measurement range [%]: 0.001 - 6.0 (C); 0.0001 - 0.4 (S) • Accuracy [%]: ± 0.002 abs. (C), ± 1 rel. (C) ±0.0003 abs.(S), + 3 rel. (S) • Analysis time [s]: 50 ALPHA RESOURCES INC. 3090 Johnson Road - Stevensville • Mich. 49127 USA
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spectroscopy allows the vibrational spectrum of a chromophore within a large, nonabsorbing biological framework to be observed at low concentrations in solution. This book by P. R. Carey, of the National Research Council in Ottawa, summarizes most of the biological applications of Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy over the past 15 years. Carey is an active worker in the resonance Raman area. The book opens with an introduction to both principles and experimental aspects of Raman spectroscopy. This is about one-fourth of the text. The section is clearly written and accurate. Only a few basic results are presented, and it does not delve into quantum theory of the Raman effect. The material in this opening section will already be familiar to most chemists with one year of graduate-level physical and analytical chemistry. This book, however, is part of a series on molecular biology, and for those coming from that community the introduction will be very welcome. There follow several chapters covering all the major application areas: proteins, chromophores naturally bound to proteins, resonance Raman labels, nucleic acids, and membranes. These chapters are written in the style of a review article, making brief reference to most of the published work and devoting somewhat more space to the most significant results. The bulk of this portion of the book is devoted to resonance Raman studies, and these are described in the greatest detail. This reflects Carey's own interest (particularly in resonance Raman labels) but also the extensive contributions of Raman spectroscopy to the study of vision, heme proteins, other metal-containing proteins, etc. It becomes clear in reading these sections that resonance Raman spectroscopy is unique in the structural and electronic information it can provide on such systems. The book contains a bibliography of about 800 references. These are all grouped at the end, alphabetically by first author. This reviewer prefers having the references done by chapter, even if this results in occasional repetition, but this is a minor point. Each chapter also points to good review articles in the area being discussed. This book is a valuable overview of the field, competently written and attractively produced at a reasonable price. It is a good way for novices in Raman spectroscopy to begin exploring the potential of the technique for solving a problem of interest to them. It also can serve as a valuable refer-
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ence guide to the literature for those already using Raman spectroscopy. It is strongly recommended for both purposes.
Dictionary of Chromatography. 2nd ed. R. C. Denny, 229 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1982. $39.95
Reviewed by Hans Veening, Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa. 17837 This dictionary, like the 1976 predecessor by the same author, provides a quick reference for commonly used terms in gas and liquid chromatography. The current edition is expanded somewhat and contains several new definitions of concepts and terms that have come into use since the previous volume. Examples of new items include: counterions, derivatization, electrochemical detector, ion pairing, isotachophoresis, LC/IR interfaces, selectivity coefficient, and stationary phase fraction. The author has standardized usage as far as possible. He uses SI units and has incorporated symbols and equations commonly used in Europe and in the U.S. In his introduction he cites the controversy over symbols used in chromatography, but states that "it is not the purpose of a volume such as this to arbitrate between the conflicting views." Definitions of chromatographic (and related) terms are for the most part accurately explained and adequately crossreferenced. Also, notation and symbols are clearly defined and easy to find; over 500 references are cited. Several of the illustrations have been improved, though many are essentially unchanged. The quality of the book is generally good, although there seems to be a bias in favor of gas chromatography. There are a few serious shortcomings that should be corrected in a future revision. The definition of ion chromatography is incomplete; no mention is made of the need for a two-column arrangement for separation and suppression. Even though GC/MS interfaces are covered, the extensive use of mass spectrometers as GC detectors has not been included. In this connection, the very popular jet separator used in GC/MS is missing. Open-tube (capillary) columns are cited only for GC; their use in HPLC is not mentioned. Photometric detectors are listed only as GC components; UV and fluorescence HPLC detectors should also have been included in this category. Field-flow fractionation was not included in the first edition and is
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omitted again in this edition. Supercritical fluid chromatography is a recently reported method that should be covered in a future edition. However, these shortcomings are balanced by thoroughness in other areas. The dictionary should be valuable for beginners in the field and for students of analytical chemistry.
Books Received Mass Spectrometry Advances 1982. Parts A and B; Parts C and D. E. R. Schmid, K. Varmuza, I. Fogy, Eds. xli + 544 pp.; xvii + 461 pp. Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1983. $361.75/set
TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR LC COLUMNS Temperature control in liquid chromatography has generally been neglected. Improved resolution, efficiency, and precision often result from operation of LC columns at controlled temperatures above ambient.
Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Sybil Parker, Ed. viii + 1195 pp. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1131 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10020. 1983. $49.50 Advances in Magnetic Resonance. Vol. 10. John Waugh, Ed. xi + 223 pp. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1983. $35 Biologie De L'Action Des Rayonnements Ionisants. Christiane Ferradini, Jacques Pucheault. ix + 213 pp. Masson, 120 Bd. St-Germain, 75280 Paris Cedex 06. 1983. 150 F L'Analyse Biochimique Quantitative Par Nanochromatographie En Couche Mince. Michel Bounias. 198 pp. Masson, 120 Bd. St-Germain, 75280 Paris Cedex 06. 1983. 160 F Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labeled Compounds. William Duncan, Alexander Susan, Eds. xxviii + 508 pp. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1983. $110.75 CSA 2002 features & specifications: • Proved analytical system, e.g. IR Photometer BINOS® · Automatic weight correction · Simple operation • Compact construction • Measurement range [%]: 0.0001 - 6.0 (C); 0.0001 - 0.4 (S) • Accuracy [%]: ± 0.0002 abs. (C), ± 1 rel. (C) ± 0.0003 abs. (S), ± 3 rel. (S) • Analysis time [s]: 40 ALPHA RESOURCES INC. 3090 Johnson Road - Stevensville - Mich. 49127 - USA
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Gas and Liquid Analyzers. Jaroslav Vana. 742 pp. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1982. $170.25 Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Biomedical Sciences, 2. Alberto Frigerio, Ed. xi + 506 pp. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1983. $106.50 Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium. Sverre Langard, Ed. ix + 285 pp. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1982. $85
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