Books
An Introduction to Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Stripping Analysis: Principles, Instrumentation, and Applications. Joseph Wang. 160 pp. VCH Publishers, 303 N.W. 12th Ave., DeerfiehJ Beach, Fia. 33442. 1984. $29.75 Reviewed by T. M. Florence, CSIRO, Division of Energy Chemistry, Lucas Heights Research Laboratories, Private Mail Bag 7, Sutherlands, N.S. W. 2232, Australia With the development of atomic absorption spectroscopy, interest in electroanalytical methods declined dramatically in the 1960s. However, the environmental crisis of the early 1970s, when the measurement of background levels of heavy metals in a large number of samples was required, led to a resurgence of interest in these techniques. The prognosis for electrochemical techniques is now favorable. Although electroanalysis will always represent a rather specialized area of analysis, it is a powerful tool in the armory of the analytical chemist. Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is the most sensitive method available for several metals in water samples and has the advantage of being able to determine simultaneously, and at concentrations as low as 10~10 M, four metals of prime environmental concern—copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc. Another important advantage is that the speciation (physicochemical forms) of the metals can also be determined. Modern microprocessor-based electroanalytical instrumentation is remarkably inexpensive, considering its wide applicability to organic as well as inorganic trace analysis. This small book by Joseph Wang is an excellent introduction to the theory and applications of ASV. There are few previous texts on the subject, and a new up-to-date book is timely, given the rapid expansion of the field. The book is useful both as an introduction for newcomers to the field and as a summary and reference source (500 references) for analytical chemists experienced in ASV. After an introduction describing ASV and its historical development, the reader is led through
the basic principles of stripping measurements, a comparison of available instrumentation, and some practical problems (interferences, contamination, etc.). Then several examples are given of practical analysis problems in environmental, pharmaceutical, and clinical analysis that can be solved by ASV analysis. The text is clearly and accurately written at a level suitable for students and postgraduate workers. There are two areas of stripping analysis that I think deserved more attention. First, the use of ASV for speciation analysis is the most rapidly growing area of the field and represents a unique application of the technique. The 18 pages devoted to this topic could well have been expanded. Also, the use of chemically modified ASV electrodes as a means of obtaining greater sensitivity and selectivity is also attracting intense interest, and this topic was neglected. Nevertheless, this book should be required reading for all analytical chemists intending to use ASV for the first time, and it would also be a most useful reference text for the old hands.
Mutagenicity Testing In Environmental Pollution Control. F. K. Zimmerman and R. E. Taylor-Mayer, Eds. 195 pp. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1985. $52.95 Reviewed by George Douglas, Mutagenesis Section, Environmental Health Directorate, Department of National Health & Welfare, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada This book, although it does contain some interesting material, suffers from a number of problems that reduce its importance as a reference work on genetic toxicology of environmental mixtures. The title was a poor choice—the term "pollution control" implies much more than is actually delivered. Although there are a number of good examples of approaches to testing of environmental samples, the problem of how to actually apply this type of information to the control of
928 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 58, NO. 8, JULY 1986
pollution is barely mentioned. The second chapter, which follows a brief introduction, is entitled "The Genetic Apparatus of Man." It is totally out of step with the rest of the volume. It goes into unnecessary, excruciating detail on the human genome at the cytogenetic level that is rendered redundant by the next chapter. This next section, although representing the editors' viewpoint, deals with most of the scientific background in genetics and mutagenesis necessary to understand many of the important issues in genetic toxicology. The remaining eight chapters contain examples of different approaches to the testing of environmental mixtures for genotoxicity. There is an extensive description of the utility of the combined TLC-Salmonella method whereby the mutagenicity of the separated components of a mixture can be ascertained directly on the TLC plate. This elegant method has a number of obvious advantages, but unfortunately it suffers from a lack of sensitivity to certain chemical classes, such as PAHs. Another method, which avoids some of the pitfalls inherent in using chemical methods to concentrate mixtures so they can be tested, is described in a later chapter. This method relies on the bioaccumulation of substances by aquatic organisms. Extracts of tissues are then tested for mutagenicity. This chapter, unfortunately, ends rather abruptly without a discussion of the data presented. The value of using different plant systems as monitors of environmental effects is described in another chapter. Although this approach has the advantage of being able to place the test organism under in situ conditions, it suffers from the disadvantage of not being as relevant to the assessment of human health hazards as methods using mammalian species. Aneuploidy is an important phenomenon that is not given enough emphasis in the assessment of genotoxic effects. A chapter is devoted to the induction of this phenomenon in yeast by aprotic polar solvents. Yeast is, at present, one of the few organisms in
Books
In conjunction with the 28th Rocky Mountain Conference Denver, Colorado ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF CONTAMINANTS IN SURFACE AND GROUND HATERS - JULY 31 AND AUGUST 1 Faculty: Dr. E. Michael Thurnan, Research Hydrologlst, Organic Research Group, U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO. Is active In organic geochemistry, analysts of organic substances In natural and polluted waters, and the movement of organic pollutants In ground water. He is the author of the recent book. Organic Chemistry of Natural Haters. Or. Michael Reddy, Hydrologlst. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, Is a physical chemist studying the Interaction of a d d rain with geological materials. He Is the author of over 30 published articles and book chapters dealing with aquatic chemistry and has 3 years of college teaching experience. Course Synopsis: Ttils course presents a comprehensive understanding of the methods of sampling and analysis of water for Inorganic and organic contaminants, showing the environmental chemist the tools currently available for sampling and measurement of major Ions, trace elements, and organic constituents In natural and contaminated ground and surface waters. The course emphasizes representative sampling, sample preservation, and analytical methodology. Modern chemical methods for water analyses U C P , graphite furnace AA. IC, GC. LC. GC/MS) and methods of sample preparation »re explained. Current commercial equipment Is discussed with emphasis placed on Instrument function to water samples of low to high Ionic strength. This course Is Intended for anyone Involved In the environmental chemistry of water. The participant will gain an overall knowledge of Instrument function, use and application to water samples. Practical examples of ground water contamination and acid rain are used to illustrate general concepts and approaches to chemical analysis. [ee
ACS members, $375, non-members.$425
which there are genetic systems for the selection of induced aneuploidy. However, the authors correctly urge the necessity of caution in the extrapolation of such yeast data to higher organisms. The remaining chapters cover the mutagenicity of cooked foods, indoor and outdoor air, particulates, pulp and paper mill effluents, and surface water. The final chapter, which deals with ionizing radiation, is perhaps the only example in this book in which mutagenicity data played a role in the establishment of control measures. In summary, although this book is not a comprehensive reference work on the testing of environmental mixtures and the application of such data to the control of environmental pollution, it does contain a number of interesting chapters. Given the relatively small number of pages it might appeal to those desiring a quick survey of the topic. Those purchasing this book based on the title could be disappointed, however.
INTERPRETATION Of ORGANIC MASS SPECTRA - AUGUST 7 - 8 , Faculty: Ms, C. M. Moynlhan Is the analytical chemist responsible for the operation of the Organic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Rockwell International Corporation, Golden, CO. and Is actively involved In a variety of organic mass spectral research projects using both low resolution GC/MS/OS and high resolution MS techniques. Dr. J. A. Zlrrollt (Capt. USAF) Is Chief of Energetic Materials Science Division, the Frank J. Seller Research Laboratory, USAF Academy, CO. He Is a member of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry and Is affiliated with the Mass Spectrometry Research Resource Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO. Course Synopsis: This course describes the fundamental principles of mass spectrometry and applies them to the Identification of organic compounds. Sample Introduction, Ionization, mass analysis and detection are discussed with emphasis on molecular Ion analysis and simple fragmentation processes. The mass spectra characteristic of compound classes; alcohols, esters, ketones, etc. are explained. The course develops an approach to the determination of elemental composition and diagnostic fragmentation patterns. The course uses as a reference the text. Interpretation of Mass Spectra, Third Edition, by F.H. McLafferty. University Science Books. 1980. The course Is designed as an Introduction to mass spectrometry and Is Intended for anyone needing a basic knowledge of mass spectrometry or mass spectral interpretation. Prior knowledge or experience in mass spectrometry is not required. Lee" ACS members. $150, non-members, $175.
SAMPLING OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTES - THEORY AND PRACTICE - AUGUST 7-8 Faculty: Mr. Francis F. Pltard Is a Consulting Sampling Chemist In Broomfleld, CO. He has over 20 years of experience In the natural resources industry, working 6 Energy Commission and 15 years with Amax Extractive Research
Statistician and Analytical progressive and management years for the French Atomic J. Development. Inc.
Course Synopsis: This advanced course presents the general theory of sampling particulate materials. The theory presented Is applicable to both solid and liquid wastes and Is particularly suited to establish sampling methodologies for quality control programs and optimizing waste management. Many existing practices currently used In the Industry are Incorrect, leading to biased sampling. Even though this bias can be substantial It often Is undetected. The theory presented was pioneered by Or. Pierre M. Gy and has been taught In more than 20 countries. Practical examples encountered in real working situations are emphasized. Although advanced mathematical techniques were important 1n the development of this theory, the mathematics In this course are held to a minimum. It is recommended that attendees bring a pocket calculator and ruler, and each attendee will receive the textbook. Sampling of Particulate Materials - Theory and Practice by Dr. Pierre M. Gy. Oeveropments 1n Geomathematics 4. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. 1982. The course is recommended for analytical chemists, quality control managers, and regulatory analysts involved in chemical process plants, water/waste water and solid waste treatment plants, recycling processes, or mining, m i n i n g , and smelting operations. F_c?e : ACS members, $300, non-members ,$350 .
Registration:
For registration or Information contact:
Registration Deadline:
Capt Joseph A, l\ rrol1i FJSRL/NC
Ms. Sonia Atwood Marathon Oi1 Company USAF Academy P.O. B O H 269 Colorado Springs, CO 80840 Littleton, CO 80160 (303) 794-2601 July 18. 1986 (303) 472-2655
930 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 58, NO. 8, JULY 1986
Books Received Molecular Connectivity In StructureActivity Analysis. Lemont B. Kier, Lowell H. Hall, xvii + 262 pp. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1986. $59.95 Chemometrlcs. Muhammad A. Sharaf, Deborah L. Illman, Bruce R. Kowalski. xi + 332 pp. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1986. $49.95 Thermal Analysis. 3rd ed. Wesley W. Wendlant. xviii + 814 pp. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1986. $89.95 Photometric Determination of Traces of Metals. 4th ed. Part HA: Individual Metals, Aluminum to Lithium. Hiroshi Onishi. xix + 885 pp. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1986. $139.95 Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labeled Compounds 1985. Richard R. Muccino, Ed. xxxiv + 557 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers, 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1986. $129.75 Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Part 1, Vol. 14. I. M. Kolthoff, Philip J. Elving, V. Krivan, Eds. xxxii + 795 pp. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1986. $85.
