I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E 11 I N G C H E h1 I S T R Y
Februar?., 1933
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The technical 2-chloroanthraquinone used was generously donated for this work by the E. C. Klipstein and Sons Conipan!.
175
13) Groggins and Newton, IND.EXG.CHERT., 23, 893 (1931). (4)Groggins and Stirton, Zbid., 25, 42 (1933). ( 5 ) Hale and Britton, u. S. Patent 1,607,824 (1926). (6) Unger and Roth, German Patent 523,523 (1931). R E C E I V E DOctober 20, 1932. Contribution No. 216 from t h e Color a n d F a r m Waste Division, Bureau of Chemistry a n d Soils. P a r t s I V a n d V of this paper will appear in the March number of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.
I.ITERATURE CITED 11) Frci, L-. S. P a t e n t 1,S10,576 (1932). ( 2 ) Groggins and Hellhach, C'hcna. R. :Vet. Enu., 37, 093 (1930).
Analysis of Mineral Content, of Steffen's Waste EDWIHD BARTOW m
I
D
H. 11. BI.RKI>GIIOFF, S t a t e T-ni\ersitj of I m a , Iowa C i t j , I o w a
The nmoiznt qf corzcerzfrate Iiuiiiig a specific pounds (1.8 to 10 kg.). There grarity of 1. 2 arid [he amount qf avh lL?}iichcurl be no geographical relation to the disposal of Bteffen's waste, obfairzedj r o ma gipe,Lanlounf of dilute LL3astes amount obtained. The high& a d e t e r n i i n a t i o n of the mineral content of wastes obJ i e l d is 22 p o u n d s from St. vary with the geographical sorir,e of the wade. tained froni various parts of the I,ouis, h I i c h , ; coIrles country has been first underThe at'erage Potassium corderd Of the ash f r O i i l 11asoii City, Iowa, with 12 and [he thirteen sanzples of irasfes inaestigczted is 1 6 pound., respectirely. Tlie taken. Thirteen samples of the dilute waste were obtained from 34.64 Der c-ent. The Dotassiunz a71d sodium lowest yield n-as 4 pound.: from factories scattered through the content; do rary, fhe sulfate and chloride Co1o. area from Alichigan to Utah as contents do i w y with the geographicwl source of . follows: Colorado-Sv-ink. Fort DETERNISATIOSS OF RESIDUE:. the Luaste. Collins, Loveland, Delta; AIichiT-OLATILE AIATTER, ASD AYH gaii--St. Louis, Blissfield; KeFork, Lewiston : braska-Grand Island; Utah-Spanish There mas no correlation between volatile matter or TTyoming-Torrington, Rorland ; Iowa-AI ason CXty(pond), residue on ignition and the amount of concentrated material hIason City (campaign), obtained. The neight of the concentrated material ohThrough the courtesy of the various companies, barrel tained depends on the dissolyed subqtance in the waste, 'which samples were obtained. A11 of the samples were treated is affected by seasonal variation in the composition of the with carbon dioxide to remove the calcium before concentra- beet and the mineral content of the 11-aterused in the process tion. Throughout the work care was taken to heat the (8)' samples uniformly so that fair comparison of the results The waste before carbonation has yarying amounts of roiild be macle. excess lime which has been added in the precipitation of the wgar. I n this work, therefore, all analyses have been made COVCE\TR~TIOS OF WASTE of the dilute wastes after carbona t'ion. Fifty cubic centimeters of each waste were evaporated in The concentration vas carried out in a vacuum evaporator. Determinations were made of the weight and specific gravity platinum dishes, dried a t 100' C., and weighed. Any higher of the dilute naste, the specific gravity after treating with temperature caused decomposition of nitrogenous comrarbon dioxide gas (to a faint color with phenolphthalein), pounds. The residue was ignited by charring over a n open and the weight and specific gravity after coricentration flame, and then heated in an electric muffle a t a dull red heat. The ash was weighed and saved for analysis. The results (Table I). Of the analysis are shown in Tahle TI. T \ R L E I. SPECIFIC C:RiVITIEb AYD I T E I G H T b O F \I74>TE BEFORE T L R L E 11. R L \ I D U E - i \ U T-OL-ITILh 1\14TlEN ~ Y DAFTER CONCEYTR ~TIOV
S I: general qtudy of the
14
&
r PL \CE
-
Dilute
S G ~R ~ITYX ~ ~ .After ConcenCOn t r a t e d
1.014 i . n i ~ 1~,013 1 . 0 2 0 1.014 1 . 0 1 3 1.010 1 022 1 . 0 1 5 1 011 1 , 0 0 8 1.01.5 1,009 1.01.2 1 , 0 0 9 1 014 1.010 l.Oll3
1,0113 1 012 1 01:' 1 018
1.420 1.410 1.396 1.406 1.408 1.440 1.392 1,404 1.414 1,012 1.460 1.007 1,454 1.016 1 . 3 9 2 1.014 1.415
~ ~ ~ ~ WEICIIT Dilute Concentrated
433 (196.4) 422 (191.4) 1 2 0 (190.5) 42 1 (191) 427 (193.7) 413 . 5 (187.8i 420 ( 1 9 0 . 5 ) 410 (190.5) 444 ( 2 0 1 . 4 ) 426 ( 1 9 3 . 2 ) 400 (181.41 417 ( 1 8 9 . 2 , 423 ( 1 9 1 . 9 )
PI.
\Ch
Su-ink, Colo. Delta, Colo. I.o~-eland,C o l n . F t . Ciillinn, C o l < ~ . 8t.Louis, I I i c h . Blissfield, M i c h . Grand Island, Nebr. Lewiston, U t a h Spanish F o r k , Utah Torrington, W y o Worland, Wyo. l l a s o n City, loa-a 'p) Mason C i t y , IoIva : C I 1 7 erage
8,s
4.0 7.5 8 5 22.0 6 5 9.0 8.5
13 0 7.0 5.0 16 0 12.5
The specific gravity is reduced by carbonation
