enabled the use of high-sensitivity X-ray methods such as Laue XRD, XPS, XANES, and EXAFS. Numerous double-quantum and imaging methods were developed for NMR. As of 1993, the fabrication of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy probes has brought 3D imaging capabilities down to the single-atom scale. Spectroscopy lost one of its brightest stars in 1986. Tomas Hirschfeld, who published more than 200 papers and patents in his varied career, contributed to the
Royce W. Murray Editor 1991-present
Analytical chemistry's evolution has made it today the science of inventing and applying the concepts, principles, and instrumental strategies for measuring the characteristics ofchemical systems and species. development of near-IR and Raman spectroscopic methods both for in-lab and industrial process analyses, and he was a strong proponent of hyphenated techniques such as GC/IR. His accomplishments were honored at Pittcon '87 in a special memorial symposium, and Technicon Instruments introduced a series of commemorative graduate student awards in his name. Biotechnology. DNA amplification methods such as the polymerase chain reaction were developed by Nobel laure-
ate Kary Mullis and others in the mid- to late 1980s. These methods permit the rapid detection of as few as five original copies of target DNA from a sample. These methods, along with automated DNA sequencing techniques, have led to forensic identification tests and clinical assays for genetic disorders. Immunoassays and enzyme-based assays have been used to determine picomolar quantities of clinical and environmental analytes. Chemometrics. James Callis, Bruce Kowalski, Sarah Rutan, and others have demonstrated the power of partial leastsquares and other multivariate statistical techniques to pull specific information out of poorly resolved data in complex systems. Marking our progress All this expansion in analytical chemistry has been reflected in the progress of the Pittsburgh Conference over the years. Pittcon moved from Cleveland to Atlantic City in 1980, where it enjoyed larger crowds every year, especially at the technical exposition. By 1985 the Conference had grown too large for Atlantic City's facilities and moved to New Orleans for a year. It returned to a newly built convention center in Atlantic City for 1986 and 1987, and then began a round of the only cities in the U.S. whose convention centers and hotels could still handle it: New Orleans, Atlanta, New York, and Chicago. From 845 presentations in 1980, the conference has grown to more than 1800 presentations and 2900 exhibitor booths in 1993! Analytical Chemistry has also kept pace with this progress. With George H. Morrison as Editor beginning in 1980, the journal underwent two design changes, one in 1980 and the other in 1987, when it was decided to publish two issues each month. Five Associate Editors were appointed for thefirsttime in 1985. In 1991 Royce W. Murray succeeded Morrison as Editor, and the peer review process for technical manuscripts was transferred to Murray's office at the University of North Carolina. As of 1994 the journal has been redesigned for the 21st century and includes new features such as a survey of literature in the field and software reviews. We look forward to discovering what lies ahead in Analytical Chemistry. Deborah Noble
CHEMICAL SCIENCES GRADUATE SCHOOL FINDER 1993
