I/EC
DRY
· · ·
AIR
P R E C I S E L Y as y o u w a n t i t •
to control your product's quality
•
to prevent condensation on your product or material
•
t o prevent changes due to moist air in contact with your product
•
to protect your material from dampness
•
to protect your processing of moisture-sensitive material
•
to D R Y your material or product
•
to pack or store your product safe from moisture damage
•
to g e t exact moisture control for the precise atmosphere condition you need
•
to provide precise atmospheric conditions for testing
•
to increase your air conditioning capacity
•
t o D R Y large quantities of fresh air from outdoors
The Niagara's Controlled Humidity Method using HYGROL moisture-absorbent liquid is Best and most effective because . . . it re moves moisture as a separate function from cooling or heating and so gives a precise result constantly and always.
of moisture remaining in the leaving air. Heating or cooling is done as a separate function.
Most reliable because . . . the absorbent is continuously reconcentrated automat ically. N o moisture-sensitive instruments are required to control your conditions. Most flexible because — you can obtain any condition at will and hold it as long as you wish in either continuous produc tion, testing or storage. Easiest to t a k e
care of because . · . t h e
REPORTS
d e p t h of hardness resulting from heat treatment. I n World W a r I I , for e x a m p l e , use of boron in cast steel t a n k a r m o r a n d transmission cases gave a considerable d e p t h of hardness after heat treating, thus conserving supplies of critical alloys. Caterpillar felt t h a t sprocket life would b e d o u b l e d or better if t h e right alloy could b e found. Boron's competitor h e r e w a s m o l y b d e n u m , but t h e boron steel was so promising t h a t other a p p r o a c h e s were d r o p p e d . T h e n e w alloy, d u b b e d Boralloy, gives a hardness d e p t h 2.5 times greater t h a n straight c a r b o n steel m a d e t h e same w a y . W h y acid o p e n h e a r t h instead of electric furnace? T w o reasons, says H a r r i s o n — b e t t e r control of t h e melt ing process a n d greater productive capacity of t h e c o m p a n y ' s open hearth. O n c e Boralloy was proved success ful, Caterpillar even c h a n g e d t h e p a t t e r n of t h e sprockets to provide e n o u g h m e t a l section to use t h e full d e p t h of hardness. Caterpillar takes all of Harrison's Boralloy production, a n d for t h e time being, t h e steel castings c o m p a n y has n o plans to m a r k e t t h e alloy for other uses. Conceivably t h o u g h , a n alloy of this kind could b e used whenever its hardness d e p t h is desirable. T h e whole operation w o n ' t m a k e m u c h of a d e n t in t h e nation's supply of boron. B u t even t h o u g h it makes u p less t h a n 0 . 0 0 5 % of t h e steel's composition, m a y b e boron c a n con sole itself t h a t it's a miracle worker of sorts here, too. C.P.
apparatus is simple, parts are accessible, controls are trustworthy. The cleanest because . . . no solids, salts or solutions of solids are used and there are no corrosive or reactive substances.
AT THE
CHEMICAL
SHOW
26th EXPOSITION OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Coliseum, New York City. December 2 - 6 . 19S7
This method removes moisture from air by contact with a liquid in a small spray chamber. The liquid spray contact tem perature and the absorbent concentra tion, factors that are easily and positively controlled, determine exactly the amount
Write for full information;
See NIAGARA . . . AIR CONDITIONERS · Aero HEAT Aero AFTER COOLERS · Aero CONDENSERS · Aero STEAM Aero VAPOR CONDENSERS · HEATERS · COOLERS · BOOTH No. 655
ask for Bulletins
112 and 121. Address
EXCHANGERS REFRIGERANT CONDENSERS HUMIDIFIERS DRYERS
Dept. EC-12
N I A G A R A BLOWER C O M P A N Y 4 0 5 Lexington Ave., N e w York 17, Ν . Υ. District Engineers in Principal Cities of U. S. and Canada 30 A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Animal Creakers M a y b e y o u can't teach an o l d d o g , but y o u can dose him I F YOUR DOG has posterior paraly sis, or if t h e horses you follow, follow horses, Butazolidin (3,5dioxo - 1,2 - d i p h e n y l - A - η - butyl pyrazolidine) m a y b e just t h e ticket. It's a veterinary p h a r m a c e u t i c a l , developed first for h u m a n use by Geigy Chemical in Switzerland. Jensen-Salsbery Laboratories (sub sidiary of Vick C h e m i c a l ) , K a n s a s (Continued on page 32 A)
I/EC REPORTS Curiosity is the key to progress
This curious gentleman will be happy to learn of progress in wood-towood glues through the use of FA
You can profit from curiosity
HC
about Q O
HC
FA
CH
II II C-CH2OH Ο
Q O FURFURYL ALCOHOL is a simple heterocyclic compound con sisting of a furan nucleus and a hydroxymethyl group. FA is useful for these purposes: 1. As a resin former for the manu facture of black thermosetting resins that resist acids, alkalies and solvents 2. As a resin ingredient 3. As a solvent for resins and dyes
4. As a wetting agent and reactive solvent 5. As an additive in making gapfilling adhesives from urea-formal dehyde resins 6. As a modifier in the manufacture of asphaltic battery cases
FA'S ready availability and low cost is prompting research by indus tries with products and processes akin to the above. If you are one of these, be curious about Q O Furfuryl Alcohol. Bulletin 205 tells all about FA—Send for your copy!
The Quaker Qats Company CHEMICALS DEPARTMENT The
337N The Merchandise Mart, Chicago 5 4 , Illinois Room 537N, 120 W a l l Street, N e w York 5 , N e w York
Quaker Oars (pmparvy
CHEMICALS
^ *v2 ^
Room 437N, 48 S.E. Hawthorne Blvd., Portland 1 4 , Oregon In the United Kingdom: Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., Billingham, England
s
• In Europe: Quaker Oats-Graanproducten N. V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Quaker Oats (France) S. Α., 3, Rue Pillet-Will, Paris IX, France; A / S " O t a , " Copenhagen, S. Denmark In Australia: Swift & Company, Ltd., Sydney
City, Mo., has exclusive U. S. rights to the compound for veterinary use. In animals, as in humans, Butazolidine is used to treat arthritic disorders, lameness, and the aches and pains of old age. Posterior paralysis is one such complaint. It's common in long-backed dogs, like dachshunds, who can get it simply by twisting their backs when they jump off of chairs. Symptoms include droopy tails and weak hind legs. Since Butazolidin entered the veterinary market this year, it has induced numerous striking recoveries from this and similar canine ailments. Jen-Sal hears equally glowing re ports from the turf crowd. Race horse veterinarians, it seems, in clude in their case histories a de tailed report on how the patient did the next few times out. One such report, from a vet who had treated an aching plater with Buta zolidin, winds up by saying: ". . .ran second. Should have won!" Al though the drug apparently fills sore horses with joie de vivre, it is not a stimulant. It just returns horses to peak efficiency, provided they have been suffering from ail ments for which it's specific. Jen-Sal has heard of Butazolidin inciting to larceny or, to use the kinder term, slick trading. It hap pens that sore joints and the like can cut a cow's milk production markedly, and that Butazolidin can restore production by removing the discomfort. One farmer got an ailing cow back to par this way, then rushed out and sold her in the expectation that the drug's effect would wear off. Butazolidin can rejuvenate bulls, too, if various aches and pains are cutting into their steam. So far, the compound hasn't done much for cats which are a peculiar breed, metabolically, any way. Morphine, for instance, is a sedative for most vertebrates but it affects cats something like high octane catnip. They crawl right up the walls. Butazolidin, in the right dosage, will kill cats. But Jen-Sal is still studying the phe nomenon, hoping to eliminate this unhappy side effect so it can tap the pet cat market. Butazolidin works, apparently, by
In Japan: F. Kanematsu & Company, Ltd., Tokyo
{Continued on page 34 A) 32 A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
I/EC
Quality Tower Packing stoneware or porcelain Pictured are two popular types of Knight-Ware Tower Packing; Berl Saddles and Raschig Rings. Made in Knight-Ware acid-proof stoneware and porcelain, these shapes and sizes provide a quality tower packing for nearly every chemical use. All Knight-Ware Tower Packing is made from selected, washed and deaired clays. Each type will withstand severe acid service, has a high crushing strength and will not spall. The one-inch Raschig Rings, for example, have shown an average of 125 lbs. in break tests. Both Knight chemical stoneware and porcelain packings are dense but not glassy. When desired, porous packings can be made of either material. Because of their large effective surface area, low resistance to flow and high loading capacity, the most popular all-purpose tower packing is Knight-Ware Berl Saddles. These are available in VA", Va", Vl", W, 1", XVi" and 2" sizes. Raschig Rings are available in VA", W, Vl", Vs", VA", 1", XVA", XVI", 2" and 3" sizes. Write for Bulletin 13D, Tower Packing
MAURICE A . K N I G H T 9912 Kelly Ave., Akron 6, Ohio
34 A
REPORTS
raising the pain threshold in the thalamus. Also, it seems to reduce capillary permeability, thus reducing total fluid pressure against nerve endings in inflamed joints. It does not cure the cause of the trouble directly. But where better mobility and circulation can effect a partial or complete cure, it helps by allowing the animal to move around normally without pain. Butazolidin and other veterinary pharmaceuticals are aimed at a thriving market. Livestock make up a big part of it, but the pet market has grown until it accounts for about half the dollar volume of all veterinary products. Whether or not a man medicates his livestock depends on the economics involved. But Jen-Sal finds, to its delight, that this isn't true at all among pet owners. They go for broke when their pets get sick. This doesn't mean that Jen-Sal and its competitors are gleefully gouging pet owners. But it does mean that they can spend some time and money developing effective products for the pet market. K.M.R.
Alchemy Hangs on in Fireworks Manufacturing CHINESE
HOUSEBOAT
DWELLERS
used to start their day off by setting off a few firecrackers to warn evil spirits away. These noise makers were set off in a metal pot to keep the boat from burning and usually were simple mixtures of black powder. Then along came the alchemists who decided to put a little color into the big bang, and it seems as if the state of this alchemy has changed very little. While the alchemy hasn't changed, some of the uses have. Commercial fireworks are used most commonly now for political anniversaries and for celebrating the 4th of July, Christmas, and the New Year. Some odd ingredients go into fireworks, and some manufacturers' secret formulas would read like a witch's brew. The alchemy that
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Here's How to M a k e Stars Pounds RED
Ounces
• • •
Potassium perchlorate Strontium nitrate Fine charcoal Red gum Asphaltum Hexachlorobenzene Powdered rosin Dextrin BLUE *
•
0 8 5 8 3
0 0 1
6 2 3
8 2 1
14 8 0
0 0
10 8
0 1
6 0
1 6 0
2 0 4
0 0
4 4
1 0 0
5 4 8
•
Potassium perchlorate Copper arsenite Powdered rosin Hexachlorobenzene Asphaltum Powdered stearic acid Dextrin GREEN •
3 2 0 0 0
•
*
Potassium perchlorate Barium nitrate Aluminum powder Magnesium powder Copper arsenite Hexachlorobenzene Asphaltum Dextrin
makes pink fire, for instance, contains lactose. A p a r t i a l list of other chemicals includes potassium nitrate, a m m o n i u m perchlorate, s t r o n t i u m (Continued on page 37 A)
