Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 8654–8660
Anthropogenic and Naturally Occurring Organobrominated Compounds in Two Deep-Sea Fish Species from the Mediterranean Sea A D R I A N C O V A C I , * ,†,‡ S A R A L O S A D A , †,§ LAURENCE ROOSENS,† WALTER VETTER,| FRANCISCO JAVIER SANTOS,§ HUGO NEELS,† ARIANNA STORELLI,⊥ AND MARIA M. STORELLI⊥ Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium, Laboratory of Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium, Analytical Chemistry Department, ´ 1-11, E-08028 University of Barcelona, Mart´i i Franques Barcelona, Spain, Institut fu ¨ r Lebensmittelchemie (170b), Universita¨t Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany, and Pharmacological-Biological Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Section, Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima, Km 3, I-70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
Received June 16, 2008. Revised manuscript received September 9, 2008. Accepted September 29, 2008.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in 15 composite liver samples from two deep-sea fish species, the hollowsnout grenadier (Trachyrinchus trachyrinchus, TT) and the roughsnout grenadier (Coelorhynchus coelorynchus, CC). Mean concentrations of sum tri- to hepta-BDEs were higher in CC species than in the TT species (16.9 vs 4.5 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively). BDE 47 and BDE 100 were the major congeners in both species. Methoxylated PBDEs (MeOPBDEs), reported as being naturally produced in marine environments, were also measured in all samples. Similar to those of PBDEs, mean concentrations of sum MeO-PBDEs (sum congeners 2′-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47) were higher in the CC species (28.9 vs 6.6 ng/g lw, respectively). Interestingly, polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs) had the highest contribution to the total load of organobromines in the deep-sea fish samples. Contrary to those of PBDEs and MeOPBDEs, the mean concentrations of PBHDs were higher in the TT species (7040 vs 530 ng/g lw, respectively). Furthermore, an unusual profile was seen in the TT species, for which a tetrabrominated BHD isomer was the predominant isomer (up to 98% of the sum PBHDs). This differs from the profiles of PBHDs dominated by a tribrominated BHD isomer reported until now in the literature. The mixed halogenated monoterpene * Corresponding author phone: +32 3 820 2704; fax: +32 3 820 2722; e-mail:
[email protected]. † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp. ‡ Department of Biology, University of Antwerp. § University of Barcelona. | Universita¨t Hohenheim. ⊥ University of Bari. 8654
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 42, NO. 23, 2008
(MHC-1) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) were detected as well, albeit at lower concentration (
