Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 807-810
burning, the individual values for these types of burns are averaged together to give af= (1.5 f 0.8) X lo2 (A31
(6)
where ctf is the average value for the ratio of all fireplace, hardwood hot and cool burns, and softwood hot burns, and the (A)value is the standard deviation. The value of aC, which is the ratio for softwood cool burn, is cy, = (4.1 f 1.6) X 10’ (A4)
(7) (8) (9)
Therefore, two populations are used to determine the value of cymmp, the softwood cool burn, cyc, and the ctf given above. By use of the survey results, cicompwould be calculated as follows: ctcOmp= [0.65 (4.1) 0.35 (1.5)] X 10’ (A5)
(10)
(11)
+
1982; pp 746-771. (12) Hoel, P. G. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics; Wiley: New York, 1971. (13) Johnson, R. L.; Shah, J. J.; Huntzicker, J. J. Presented at the Symposium on Chemical Composition of Atmospheric
where 65% of the mass is contributed from softwood, cool burning, and 35% is contributed from all other categories. Values for ct &g/m3)/pptv are given in Table IV, assuming 40%, 50% and 60% softwood burning and 60% and 81% cool burning. A 5% correction for the fraction of large particles (>2.5 pm) found in the smoke samples was made as determined from the impactor collection. The value for the emission ratio ctcomp and the uncertainty of the ratio using the survey results to estimate wood type usage and typical burn conditions for the Portland, OR, area is ctmmP(pg/m3)/pptv= 0.68 f 0.13 (-46)
Aerosols: Source/Air Quality Relatioships, Second Chemical Congress of the North American Continent, Las Vegas, NV, 1980. (14) Edgerton, S. A.; Khalil, M. A. K.; Rasmussen, R. A. J . Environ. Sci. Health 1985, A(20),563-581. (15) Rasmussen, R. A.; Rasmussen, L. E.; Khalil, M. A. K.; Dalluge, R. W. J . Geophys. Res. 1980, 85, 7350-7356. (16) Watson, J. G.; Cooper, J. A.; Huntzicker, J. J. Atrnos. Environ. 1984, 18, 1347-1355. (17) NEA, Inc. “QuantitativeSource Apportionment System 111”, 1984. (18) Watson, J. G. Ph.D. Dissertation,Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, OR, 1979. (19) DeCesar, R. T.; Edgerton, S. A,; Khalil, M. A. K.; Rasmussen, R. A. Chemosphere 1985, 14, 1495-1501. (20) Khalil, M. A. K.; Rasmussen, R. A.; Edgerton, S. A. J . Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1985, 35, 838-840.
where the (f)value indicates the 95% confidence limits. Registry No. CH3Cl, 74-87-3.
Literature Cited Khalil, M. A. K.; Edgerton, S. A.; Rasmussen, R. A. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 555-559. Edgerton, S. A.; Khalil, M. A. K.; Rasmussen, R. A. J . Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1984, 34, 661-664. Edgerton, S. A. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, OR, 1985. Rau, J. A. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, OR, 1985. Hubble, B. R.; Stetter, J. R.; Gebert, E.; Harkness, J. B. L.; Flotard, R. D. In Residential Solid Fuels; Cooper, J.
A,; Malek, D., Eds.; Oregon Graduate Center: Beaverton, OR, 1982; pp 79-138. Muhlbaier, J. L. In Residential Solid Fuels; Cooper, J. A.; Malek, D., Eds.; Oregon Graduate Center: Beaverton, OR, 1982; pp 164-187. Barnett, S. G.; Shea, D. In Residential Solid Fuels: Cooper, J. A.; Malek, D., Eds.; Oregon Graduate Center: Beaverton, OR, 1982. Cooke, W. M.; Allen, J. M.; Hall, R. E. In Residential Solid Fuels; Cooper, J. A.; Malek, D., Eds.; Oregon Graduate Center: Beaverton, OR, 1982. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality “Portland Wood Heat Survey”. C. Cummings, 1984. Snedecor, G. W.; Cochran, W. G. Statistical Methods; The Iowa State University Press: Ames, IA, 1980. Shafizadeh, F. In Residential Solid Fuels; Cooper, J. A.; Malek, D., Eds.; Oregon Graduate Center: Beaverton, OR,
Received for review September 12, 1985. Revised manuscript received January 24, 1986. Accepted March 17, 1986. Parts of this project were supported by a grant from the W.S. EPA (R810090-01-0). Additional support was provided by the Biospherics Research Corp. and the Andarz Co.
Aqueous Solubilities of Six Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners at Four Temperatures Rebecca M. Dickhut,” Anders W. Andren, and David E. Armstrong
Water Chemistry Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Aqueous solubilities of six polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at 25 “C and three other temperatures by using a slightly modified generator column method. Solubility increased exponentially with temperature in the range 0.4-80 “C for all six PCBs investigated, as well as for biphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl. Enthalpies of solution for the PCBs and biphenyl were determined, ranging from 28.5 (4-chlorobiphenyl) to 66.6 kJ/mol (decachlorobiphenyl). These values can be used to interpolate solubilities in the experimental temperature ranges, with average errors of
