Archaeological Chemistry IV - ACS Publications - American

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Archaeological Chemistry IV

Allen; Archaeological Chemistry IV Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1989.



AD V ANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES 220

Archaeological Chemistry IV Ralph O. Allen, EDITOR


University of Virginia

Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of the History of Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Denver, Colorado, April 5-10, 1987

American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1989


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Archaeological chemistry IV. (Advances in chemistry series; 220) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Archaeological chemistry—Congresses.


I. Allen, Ralph Ο. II. American Chemical Society. Division of the History of Chemistry. III. Series. QD1.A355 no. 220 [CC79.C5] 540 s [930.1'028] 88-7953 ISBN 0-8412-1449-2

Copyright © 1989 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, M A 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means— graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission, to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. P R I N T E D I N T H E U N I T E D STATES OF A M E R I C A

American Chemical Society Library

16th St., N.W. IV Allen; 1155 Archaeological Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; Washington, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1989. D.C. 20036

Advances in Chemistry Series M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor


1988 ACS Books Advisory Board Paul S. Anderson Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories Harvey W. Blanch University of California—Berkeley

Vincent D. McGinniss Battelle Columbus Laboratories Daniel M. Quinn University of Iowa

Malcolm H. Chisholm Indiana University

James C. Randall Exxon Chemical Company

Alan Elzerman Clemson University

E. Reichmanis A T & T Bell Laboratories

John W. Finley Nabisco Brands, Inc. Natalie Foster Lehigh University Marye Anne Fox The University of Texas—Austin Roland F. Hirsch U.S. Department of Energy G. Wayne Ivie USDA, Agricultural Research Service Michael R. Ladisch Purdue University

C. M. Roland U.S. Naval Research Laboratory W. D. Shults Oak Ridge National Laboratory Geoffrey K. Smith R o h m & Haas Co. Douglas B. Walters National Institute of Environmental Health Wendy A. Warr Imperial Chemical Industries


FOREWORD


The

A D V A N C E S I N C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S was

f o u n d e d i n 1949

by

the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l S o c i e t y as a n outlet f o r s y m p o s i a a n d c o l l e c t i o n s o f d a t a i n s p e c i a l areas o f t o p i c a l interest that c o u l d n o t b e a c c o m m o d a t e d i n the Society's journals. It p r o v i d e s a m e d i u m f o r s y m p o s i a that w o u l d o t h e r w i s e b e f r a g m e n t e d b e c a u s e their p a p e r s w o u l d b e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g s e v e r a l journals o r n o t p u b l i s h e d at a l l . P a p e r s are r e v i e w e d c r i t i c a l l y a c c o r d i n g to A C S e d i t o r i a l standards a n d r e c e i v e the c a r e f u l attention a n d p r o c e s s i n g characteristic o f A C S p u b l i c a t i o n s . V o l u m e s i n the

A D V A N C E S I N C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S maintain

the

i n t e g r i t y o f the s y m p o s i a o n w h i c h t h e y are b a s e d ; h o w e v e r , v e r b a t i m r e p r o d u c t i o n s o f p r e v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d p a p e r s are n o t a c c e p t e d . P a p e r s m a y i n c l u d e reports o f research as w e l l as r e v i e w s , b e c a u s e s y m p o s i a m a y e m b r a c e b o t h types o f presentation.


ABOUT THE EDITOR


R A L P H O . A L L E N is P r o f e s s o r of C h e m i s t r y

and

the D i r e c t o r o f the O f f i c e o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l H e a l t h a n d Safety at the U n i v e r s i t y o f V i r g i n i a i n Charlottesville, Virginia. H e received a liberal arts e d u c a t i o n ( B . A . , 1965) at C o r n e l l C o l l e g e i n M t . V e r n o n , I o w a . A f t e r b e g i n n i n g his r e s e a r c h o n t r a c e e l e m e n t s i n m e t e o r i t e s at A r g o n n e N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y , h e c o m p l e t e d his g r a d u a t e studies at the U n i v e r s i t y of W i s c o n s i n i n M a d i s o n ( P h . D . 1970) w h e r e h e h e l p e d a n a l y z e the first l u n a r s a m p l e s . I n 1970 h e b e g a n his a c a d e m i c c a r e e r at the U n i v e r s i t y o f V i r g i n i a b u t r e m a i n e d i n v o l v e d i n the l u n a r analysis p r o g r a m t h r o u g h his association w i t h A r g o n n e N a t i o n a l Laboratory. H i s research i n trace e l e m e n t g e o c h e m i s t r y l e a d to the a p p l i c a t i o n of n u c l e a r t e c h n i q u e s to l i t h i c a r c h a e o l o g i c a l materials a n d to forensic e v i d e n c e . I n a d d i t i o n to b e i n g w i d e l y p u b l i s h e d i n these f i e l d s , h e has c o n d u c t e d r e s e a r c h a n d has p u b l i s h e d i n the f i e l d s of h a z a r d o u s w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t a n d safety. H e has b e e n a F e l l o w of the R o y a l N o r w e g i a n C o u n c i l f o r S c i e n t i f i c a n d I n d u s t r i a l R e s e a r c h (1977-1978) a n d the N o r w e g i a n M a r s h a l l F o u n d a t i o n (1983). H e has b e e n the f a c u l t y l i a i s o n for forensic science a n d t r a i n i n g at the F e d e r a l B u r e a u of Investigation s ( F B I ) N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y since 1981, a m e m b e r of the O p e r a t i o n s a n d P l a n n i n g C o m m i t t e e for the F B I F o r e n s i c S c i e n c e R e s e a r c h a n d T r a i n i n g C e n t e r , a n d w a s p r e s e n t e d the E r i k s o n A w a r d b y the F B I . H e is the c h a i r m a n o f the A C S S u b d i v i s i o n o f A r c h a e o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y , a p a r t of the D i v s i o n of the H i s t o r y of C h e m i s t r y .

vii


Archaeological Chemistry IV - ACS Publications - American

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