CHEMICALS At War With the Sun Three more ultraviolet absorbers land on the market, offer users a wider choice of compounds U
SERS OK ULTRAVIOLET AHSORBERS W i l l
have a wider choice of weapons to combat the sun. D o w Chemical is nowmarketing a family of four different a b sorbers. Although Dow has been using the compounds in plastics for several years, this is the first time three of t h e m will have seen t h e market. T h e newly marketed family includes Salol (phenyl salicylate), TBS (tertbutyl phenyl salicylate), HCB ( 5 chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone), and DBR (dibenzoylresorcinol). Salol was Dow's only absorber on the market previously. American Cyanamid and Antara Chemicals (General Aniline & Film) are the other t w o major UV absorber producers. Each has been on the market for several years. Their products are similar to Dow's i n performance. Ultraviolet absorbers find a good many uses. Among those cited b y D o w : synthetic fibers, dyes, paints, lacquers, adhesives, polishes, waxes, suntan lotions, and outdoor furnitureSunlight—mostly radiations in the range of 300 t o 400 millimicrons—is a b i g problem for outdoor use of these materials. Colors fade and the materials weaken. However, UV absorbers, formulated into the product, convert these radiations to a less harmful form of energy. Dow finds t h a t the light absorber molecule, to stabilize most effectively^ should h a v e at least one hydroxyl and one carbonyl group in ortho positions. These groups form a six-membered chelate r i n g through hydrogen bonding. This leads to exceptionally high resonance stability a n d greatly increases t h e UV absorptive properties, D o w says. • Which O n e t o Use. Economics plays an i m p o r t a n t part in selecting any UV absorber, says Dow. W h e r e only a m o d e r a t e or somewhat temporary d e gree of protection is needed, a more easily synthesized and less expensive material c a n often do t b e job. Test results will also dictate t b e choice of an absorber. Climatic tests 52
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should be m a d e or closely approximated-, Dow says* since a product Avill deteriorate diff erendy depending on the climate. T h e family of four absorbers stems from such considerations. It is de~ signed to meet the different needs of a wide range of uses. Salol, for instance, is colorless and nearly odorless. I t is used in cellulosic, hydrocarbon, estertype, and halogen-containing polymers. TBS, another member of the family, is completely odorless in fonnulations, Dow- says. It finds its way into food packaging films.
Dow uses H C B in certain sarans and says it can be used in poly (vinyl halide) formulations. I t has also b e e n successful with aluminum pigments. So, D o w figures, it might b e useful for metallized plastic products. DBR is one of the most powerful UV light absorbers known, D o w claims. The company also uses this compound in some saran formulations a n d recommends it for polyester, cellulosic, halogenated. and hydrocarbon-type polymers. Dow says t h a t absorber combinations are possible for special needs. For example, Dow uses a Salol-DBR mixture to get good stability at relatively low cost. C1
Acrylics Last Outdoors Four and a half years of outdoor exposure tests with good durability. That's what Rohm & Haas claims for acrylic paints, based on some 3000 tests begun in 1953. Acrylic paints are now produced by almost 500 companies in t h e United States and abroad. Primarv uses are
* Latex Lilies T h e s e flowers have never seen Mother Earth. They are created from a p a p e r treated with Goodrich's Hycar nitrile latex. But, says Goodrich, t h e y look and feel like the real thing. The paper, made by Endura Corp., also goes into children's books, binding tapes, protective covers, and artificial leather goods C2
New Text CEC's PROCESS
OiSTU
Response in seconds rather than hours, r e mote indication and control, and an exclusive design of the electrolysis cell guarantees top performance from CEC's 26-310 Process Moisture Monitor. Measurements are accurate down to one part per million. With a step-function change in sample concentration, t h e 26-310 will give approximately 6 3 % response in 30 seconds, 9 5 % response in one minute. The 26-310 is equipped with an accurate flow regulator and thermostatic temperature control. A five-step attenuator gives precise readings over the full-scale ranges of 10 to 1000 parts per million. The all-weather Analyzer is explosionproof for Class I, Group D, Division 1 haz-
ardous locations. The Control unit is designed for control-room installation with a standard recorder. Contact your nearby CEC field office, or write for Bulletin CEC 1845-X2. A P P L I C AT I O N S Monitoring moisture content of instrument air streams. Recording moisture level of feed stream to a low-temperature distillation unit. Measuring water-vapor content of feed stream to a polymerization unit. Monitoring water content in natural-gas transmission lines. Monitoring dehydrating towers in gasoline plants for automatic regeneration. Measuring water-vapor content of stored petroleum gas. Monitoring tlte effectiveness of air-dryers in a process plant.
Consols
Electrodynamics [Cj£vB
30
°
Nortn
Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena, California
Offices in principal cities throughout the world. OCT.
2 8,
1957C&EN
53
CHEMICALS
, - C ^ B l l -Rli: O G R E S S
R E P O B T
Industrial Chemical Specialties C o m p a n i e s a d d e d those products to their lines d u r i n g the past f o u r w e e k s Material Phenolic resin (No. 3725) Desulfurization catalyst (Aero HDS-2) Adhesive (Softbond) Phenolic molding material (BMM-7O00) Corrosion inhibitor (Triethylammonium Phosphate 802) Chrome ferrous alloy (Zevescal) Acrylic fiber (Acrilan 16) Teflon tape and sheet Lubricating oil (Custom Lube 101L) Flavor intensifier (Flavotang) Flashing material (Saraloy 4 0 0 ) Silicone rubber (Silastic RTV 501) Surface active agent (Duponol X L ) Fabric conditioner (Zelcon C ) Nonpetroleum gel Fused magnesium oxide ( G E 12700) Silicone rubber (SE-555) Powdered detergent (Kelite APC ) Magnesium aluminum silicate (Sterolit) Industrial equipment cleaners (Nalco 8 5 , Nalclean 66 and 68) Floor polish (Resyn 25-2400) High molecular weight resin (Piccoflex) Gear lubricant (Graphilm Industrial Lubricant 702) Veterinary antibiotic (Neomycin Sulfate) Paint vehicle (1505 Synthemul) Molybdenum disulfide (Molyspeed) Coating (MC-30) Fatty alcohol ester wax (Hywax 135) Chelating agent (Sole-onic C H 5 0 ) Rust preventive agent (Petronate CR) Petroleum sulfonates (Duonates) Vinyl pyrrolidone polymers Oil extender (Circosol NS) Detergent acids (Tenn-Acids 820, 873, and 864) Liquid feed supplement (Morea) Finishing solution (Nero-Zinc) Grease a n d oil remover Stain remover (ExGo)
Company Allied Chemical & D y e , N. Y., X, Y. American Cyanarnid, N . Y., N . Y. Anchor Adhesives Flushing, N . Y. Bakelite, N . Y., N . Y.
Suggested Can linings
Beacon Chemical Industries Cambridge, Mass. C a l u m e t Steel Castings H a m m o n d , 111. C h e m s t r a n d , Decatur, Ala. C h i c a g o Gasket. Chicago, 111. C u s t o m Lubricant Berkeley, Calif. D o d g e &01cott, N. Y., N . Y. D o w Chemical, Midland, Mich. D o w Corning, M i d l a n d , Mich. D u Pont, Wilmington, Del. D u Pont, Wilmington, D e l . E a s t m a n Kodak, Rochester, N . Y. G e n e r a l Electric, Pittsfield, Mass. G e n e r a l Electric Waterford, N. Y. Kelite, Berkeley Heights, N. J. Minerals & Chemicals Menlo Park, M. J. National Aluminate Chicago, 111. National Starch P r o d u c t s
Closed systems with water, glycerine, alcohol, w h e r e corrosion is a problem Where abrasion is encountered
Plainfield, N. J. Pennsylvania I n d u s t r i a l Chemical, Clairton, P a . Charles Pettinos, N . Y., N. Y.
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1957
Include
Reducing sulfur content of petroleum Foam r u b b e r , polyether, polyurethane, and vinyl foam Most types of molding equipment
Clear white or pastel products Adheres to surfaces Instruments, meters, a n d precision machinery Used in meats, soups, stews, a n d sauces Flashing for construction jobs Encapsulating electronic parts Shampoos a n d cosmetics Fabric softener Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods Insulation Seals and gaskets operating in t h e - 1 5 0 ° t o 500° F . range Cleaning floors and equipment Laboratory animal b e d d i n g Cleaning boilers a n d heat exchange equipment Gives floors high gloss and w e a r resistant surface Coatings field for corrosion resistance Lubrication of open gears, roller chains
Chas. Pfizer, Brooklyn, N . Y.
Animal boxine, mastitis, dermatoses
Reichhold Chemical W h i t e Plains, N . Y. Rocol, Ltd., London, E n g l a n d Schwartz C h e m i c a l C o . , Inc. N. Y., N. Y. W e r n e r G. Smith, I n c . Cleveland, Ohio Sole Chemical, Chicago, 111. L. Sonneborn Sons, N. Y., N . Y.
Water-thinned gloss finishes
L. Sonneborn Sons, N. Y., N . Y. Stein Kail & Co., N . Y., N. Y. Sun Oil, Philadelphia, P a . Tennessee Corp. Atlanta, Ga. U. S. Industrial Chemicals N e w York, N. Y. W a g n e r Brothers, Detroit, Mich. W i l b u r & Williams Brighton, Mass. A. L . Wilson Chemical Kearny, N . J.
Available in commercial quantities unless otherwise noted.
54
Uses
Lubricate internal combustion engines Cast metals to be vacuum-metallized Lubricant, superfatting agent, rust inhibitor Bottle washing, steel drum cleaning Interchangeable w i t h different carrier oils Emulsifying and dispersing agents Adhesives, cosmetics, and coatings Butadiene/styrene copolymers Preparation of concentrated, low cloud point liquid detergents Feed supplement for cattle a n d sheep Black finishes on zinc parts Cleans surfaces before painting Removes x-ray a n d photo developer stains from clothes and linens
New Text
HOUGH already one of t h e few billion-pound per year chemicals, many new significant uses of Butadiene are y e t to be realized; the structural opportunities offered by this four-carbon building block are limited only by man's creative imagination. T o further encourage the development and use of Butadiene, Texas-U. S. Chemical Company ( T E X U S ) production facilities have been greatly expanded. Until recently almost all Butadiene produced was needed for the manufacture of synthetic rubber. Now this economically priced raw material is available i n sufficient
T
quantities to warrant extensive evaluation by the Chemical Industry, for a wide range of new applications. In addition to providing a dependable source of supply from the world's largest Butadiene plant, T E X U S offers you the benefits of important and expanding research and development programs. As a n integral part of this program, T E X U S has published a comprehensive Butadiene Manual. Announced last month, it is described i n detail on the following pages and is available to you upon request.
HERE IS THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE BUTADIENE MANUAL EVER PUBLISHED!
New Text
New Text
New Text
New Text INDISPENSABLE TO RESEARCH CHEMISTS a n d everyone working to develop new products a n d processes, this basic text is offered to fill a need for complete Butadiene information in an easily accessible form. This manual contains specifications, physical a n d chemical properties, over 150 chemical reactions, extensive indices on fields of end use, reactants and reaction products, information on samples for experimentation and a bibliography containing more than 300 references. Prepared for t h e Chemical Industry, t h i s 52-page m a n u a l is available upon request. U s e your c o m p a n y o r university letterhead, a n d send for your copy today.
T E X A S - U S . CHEIVIICAL
COMPANY
2 6 0 Madison Avenue, New York I S , N. Y.
Texas-U. S . Chemical Company 2 6 0 M a d i s o n Avenue, New Y o r k 1 6 , N. Y .
SEND FOR YOUR COPY TODAY Write on your company or university letterhead or attach coupon to it and mail today.
Gentlemen: Please forward t o me a copy of your free manual entitled "Butadiene . . . four-carbon building block." Name . Title Company . Address — City
.Zone-
_State .
Kodak reports on: four new sensitizings for an expanding universe , expensive pencil Finesse and sensitivity
learning to synchronize
G, which provides the highest green sensitivity obtainable without appreciable red sensitivity. Astronomers and others who employ photographic sensitivity with this order of finesse conduct their negotiations for materials with Special Sensitized Products Division, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester 4, N. >'., which c/r ranges for deliver}- through Kodak dealers - the very same, in many cases, who supply portrait photographers with Kodak Opal Paper on which to picture the local brides. This also requires finesse and sensitivity.
Semi-pro sound movies
Here we are, seemingly hoist in the dark with our own photographic petard, while in the act of coating photographic emulsion on glass to keep the astronomers in business. Photographic emulsion, the heart of the matter, comes here in beakers —a little beaker t o coat a couple of dozen 2 by 10's, a bigger beaker for a dozen dozens of 8 by 10's to go to a man who wants to make sure his whole autumn's observing program will be o n the same coating. Up to new we have listed 104 combinations of emulsion types and spectral sensitizing classes in which we can make Kodak "Spectroscopic" Plates. Now we have added four sensitizing classes for Emulsion Type I la. The lower case " a " means that the sensitivity emphasis has been so applied as to require the fewest hours of exposure to make visible the incredibly faint rather than to freeze a split microsecond with the least burst of brilliance. Emulsion Type 103a is even more sensitive in this respect, but Ha beats it for fine image structure and signalto-noise ratio in the microphotometer tracings of stellar and galactic spectra. The new Ha sensitizings are Class F, a very uniform one for the whole visible spectrum, especially for the red to 680 m/x; Class E, with low green sensitivity but the highest total red sensitivity, peaking at about 645 m/i, and cutting off sharply beyond about 660 mp', Class D, the most generally useful one for the green region t o about 630 m/x; and Class
Four hundred feet of unexposed 16mm Kodachronic Film can be purchased for S24. S14 more gets it processed (and by us at that). S10 more puts a Kodak Sonotrack Coating along the edge. Now sound can be magnetically recorded on the film by merely projecting it with the Kodak Pageant Sound Projector, Magnetic-Optical, while commentary, sound effects, and/or musical background are applied via the handy microphone. Now, if 10% is enough for wastage, you have 10 minutes of movies with sound. Total outlay, exclusive of equipment amortization and talent—$48. If you have planned well, you can impart much information o r persuasion in this way, and more vividly than by ink on paper. Then ambition sets in. You realize in time that the distinction between a movie with sound and a sound movie can be as noticeable as the distinction between ''assistant director" and "assistant to the director." Synchronization—that's the problem. If the aforementioned Pageant projector could be run at exactly the same speed as the movie camera used, you could take the projector to the scene of photography and with it record lip-synchronized speech and actual sounds. This turns out to be feasible. All you need is a simple braking attachment on the projector and a strobe pattern disk, both of which we can supply, and a little neon or argon lamp. Still, you are not yet in a good position to compete for the top awards of the Motion Picture Acad-
This is a n o t h e r a d v e r t i s e m e n t w h e r e Eastman K o d a k Company probes a t r a n d o m for mutual interests a n d occasionally a little r e v e n u e f r o m those whose w o r k has something t o do with science
the
emy of Arts and Sciences. On the other hand, you have paid the Kodak Audio-Visual Dealer only $12.50 for synchronizing equipment. By now when watching movies at the theater or on television, you are aware of how the film editor keeps switching back and forth between the camera angles and auxiliary shots at his disposal while the sound track flows smoothly on. So back you go to the Audio-Visual Dealer. He has been fully indoctrinated by us in a new re-recording technique built around a few other extremely inexpensive magnetic recording aids and certain unique design features of the Pageant Sound Projector, Models MK4 and A V104 M. He is eager to teach it to you. If you can't remember the fellow's name, a note to Eastman Kodak Company, Audio-Visual Sales, Rochester 4, N. Y., will bring a quick reminder.
Emancipation in the drafting room One way to judge how near tangibility a big proposal stands is to count the draftsmen committed to it. Should you be forced by circumstances to use drafting manpower for effectiveness rather than effect, you ought to be informed of some wrinkles developed in the past couple of years whereby the intelligent use of photographic materials replaces the simple wearing down of fabric in the seat of draftsmen's pants. The two basic tenets of this movement are: 1) "If it's been drawn once, why draw it a g a i n ? " 2) Camera and film are cheaper than the drawing pencil when you need a representation of existing equipment on which engineering changes are to be indicated. Just so they cant say you didn't try, send to Eastman Kodak Company, Graphic Reproduction Division, Rochester 4, N. Y., for literature on short cuts in the drafting room, or on the "photo drawings" method, or both. If it's not the sweeping generalities but some vital specifics that interest you, we're prepared to answer questions.
Prices quoted are subject change without notice.
to
From the World's Largest Production Unit
FORMALDEHYDE MERCK
U n r e s t r i c t e d q u a n t i t i e s delivered within 24 h o u r s t o points in Middle A t l a n t i c a n d N e w E n g l a n d a r e a s . W r i t e , wire or p h o n e y o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s for Formaldehyde 37% Low Methanol ( U n i n h i b i t e d ) ; F o r m a l d e h y d e 37% I n h i b i t e d ; H e x a m i n e Technical, Powder o r G r a n u l a r .
CHEMICALS
on stucco, cinder block, concrete, asbestos shingles, and other masonry surfaces. Acrylics show t h e most rapid growth in the latex emulsion field but are still led by the g r a n d d a d d y of latex paints, styrene/butadiene, a n d polyv i n y l acetate). In a study just released, Rohm & Haas notes: • White acrylics retain color satisfactorily in all exposures. • Chalking rate is optimum with a 70 to 30 ratio of nonchalking rutile to chalking anatase titanium dioxide in northern states; 90 to 10 in southern. • Results on wood are not as good as on masonry. • Initial durability tests on d e e p - and light-tone colors are good. C 3
I f y o u use a g u n t o flame s p r a y zirconia o n metal, plastic or ano t h e r ceramic, i t will p a y y o u t o i n v e s t i g a t e L e c o z i r c o n i a feed r o d . You'll find it o f s u r p r i s i n g l y superior quality a t a very agreea b l e p r i c e . B o t h 1/8" a n d 3 / 1 6 " diameter rod for i m m e d i a t e del i v e r y at o n l y $ 2 1 . 0 0 p e r p o u n d .
Another Foam MERCK
& CO., INC.
CHEMICAL D I V I S I O N RAHWAY, NEW J E R S E Y OMerck & Co., Inc.
vigilance F i n a l victory o v e r c a n c e r will come f r o m the research laboratory. But there are victories today. Many cancers c a n be cured when detected early and treated promptly. Vigilance is t h e k e y to t h i s victoryThere are seven signals which might mean cancer. V i g i l a n c e in h e e d i n g t h e m could m e a n v i c t o r y o v e r canc e r for y o u . 1 . Unusual bleeding or discharge. 2. A lump or t h i c k e n i n g i n the breast or elsewhere. 3. A sore t h a t does not heal. 4 . Change in bowel or bladder habits. 5. Hoarseness or c o u g h . 6. Indigestion or d i f f i c u l t y in swallowing. 7. Change in a wart or mole. If your signal lasts longer than two weeks, go to your doctor to learn if i t means cancer. AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY
Add another plastic foam to the list— Estafoam VP. M a d e by Vanguard Products, of Newark, N . J., it's a rigid, thermoset, cellular material based on unsaturated polyester resins. The foam comes from t h e forming machine fully expanded and has a closed cell structure. Its properties are equivalent to t h e urethanes, says Vanguard. But chemically, Vanguard substitutes cross-linking monomers such as styrene for the isocyanates. T h u s t h e foams can be molded into shapes. With foam-in-place bonding, one operation is all that's needed to sandwich the foam. And the resin can b e p u m p e d and molded at will. Foam density can be varied to as low as 2 l b . per cu. ft. without changing t h e formula, according to Vanguard. Vanguard makes the resins a n d has market development quantities available. They will supply raw materials for their foam machine (developed for Estafoam) at 40 t o 50 cents a p o u n d . In addition, they intend to market prefoamed shapes at prices competitive with polystyrene foams, the company says. C 4
• Teflon film, developed b y Dilectrix Corp., can be completely wetted on one surface and has nonslip characteristics. Called Type S, it can b e used as a plastic membrane in evaporator-type solar stills, as a slot liner and interphase insulation, and as transformer interlays. C 5
Write for complete technical data brochure of Leco feed rod, crucibles .tubes and other shapes. LABORATORY E Q U I P M E N T
CORP.
1028 Hilltop Road, St. J o s e p h , Michigan
ADSORBENTS DILUENTS Floridin natural-mineral adsorbents are successfully being used for applications in adsorptive refining, filtration, neutralization, decolorization, dehydration, polymerization, catalysis, diluents, insecticide carriers, filters, binders, cleaners, and m a n y others. If your laboratory or production processes can use an economical, efficient, natural material for these or similar uses, it will p a y t o investigate. Write t o d a y .
^tftfii'MiieAiix^ ADSORBENT^ Oept. B,
P.O. Box 9 8 9
OCT.
2 8,
Tallahassee, Florida
1957
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