Figure 2. A new ryrtem by Bell and Howell permits the production of sound Super-8 motion pictures b y providing lip-synchronized sound with The three boric movie equipment suitable for teacher-produced flimr. unitr in Bell and Howell's film-round 8 ryrtem of rovnd motion pictures ore Super-8 projector, round-synchronizing corrette tope recorder, and comer.. A battery-operoted recorder it shown with the microphone and conette; the coiled cord connedr recorder and camera. I f the rovnd is recorded a t the time of the film ihooting, action and rovnd con be matched precisely at ploybwk. Each of the three units con b e used independently of the ryrtem. Contact: Bell and Howell, 7 1 0 0 McCormick Rd., Chicago, Ill. 60645.
responsibility for public information might better be served by somewhat lower-keyed, fnctuel films a t far less cost. E r . ~ sP. STEINBEIIG Argonne National lab oral or?^ Argonne, Illinois
The Phase Diagram for Bi-Cd Alloy
I,. II. Films, 3435 .Grant Ave., Cr,rvsllis, Oregon '37330. 5 min, en~tridge,8 mm or Super-8, color, silent. The phnsc ncle is briefly revieved, and applied to poiut o ~ t that. this hinnry system is temperature invariant s t n eutectio point. First, ihe experimental set-up is shown: six crucibles containing molten metal (two pure m d four alloy) covered with charcoal, each fitted with s. t,he~mocoople. The thermocouples can be selectively emmected to an indication pyrometer needle and scale, ns is clearly demoustrated. A few points an the cooling curves are noted and yecorded in s leisurely demunstration. Then tho s t d e n t is asked t o take the remainder of the rapidfire data flwm the film as it is presented, using the "still picture cuutt~d"feature O N ihe Tech~~iealor pt.ojector. (This loop is useless withuut ihis aecessoly on the p~.ojector.) F ~ m mthe data, the s l ~ t d e n tis nsked t o construct cooling curves; two of the six are shown, as s,arnplcr. From the cooling curves, he is instn~ctedto prepwe the p l m e diagram for the Bi-Cd system. And from the diagram, the stideni. is nsked t o find answers t o typical questions; the kind we have all asked of our students. This film replaces elementary laboratory study of cuoling rnrves and plmse diagrams, thus helping the student t o next, pel.sonnlly itwcslignie more sophisticated systems or applications. I t demnnds pavlioipation hy the ~ t n d e n tas he watches and has been s\~rcesdullywed a t King's College t o ctruvey iuformntion and underst andiug in place of the u s t d classroom discossio,i of the topic. Na single student is likely to get all the dat,a off, even after viewing t a u or three cycles of this loop as a r e s d t intraelass eoopctxtion is ewowagcd when the answers to the questiom are made :ts n class or lahol.atoly assignment.
Figure 3. Projecting round mofion picture$ at variable speeds is possible with the Norelco Correffe Motion Film Strip Integrator, in combination with the Norelco LCH 1000 c o x d t e tope recorder unit. The Kodak EktoMFS-8 (Super4 Motion Film Strip) variable speed projector projects both motion sequencer ond unlimited still framer with equoi brightnes, permitting greot economies in the produdion of film moterial. Since an ordinary film sound +rock requires the film to be in constant motion, the MFS pmjector which operates from 0-54 fromeslsec connot have 0 rovnd track on the film itself. The cassette recorder and pvlre generator puts cuing information and the occomponying norrotion on separate audio trock at the moment of filming or later a t the editing proce.9 for a rompletely integrated and 3ynchronired round-picture system. The syrtem will play back the narration through its awn loudspeaker. The pdentioi of cambinotion still frome and motion picture projection systems with reparable, highly reliable casette tope recorders should be of interest to teachers planning on producing moteriais for m o l l group or individual inrtruction. For further informotion contoct: North American Philipr Inc., Professional Equipment Division. 100 E. 42nd St., N. Y. 10017.
I
Audio Aids in Examination Grading We have found that nudin tapes and tape recorders can he used in grading examination.; to make a m m e n t s t o the i ~ ~ d i v i d ~ ~ a l s t r ~It d emarkedly nt. improves theinslructional value of urtr examinations by allowing the ins true to^. to make more complete and detailed comment* than he would have time or spnce t o write on the exam itself. At the start of the academic year each student. buys an inexpensive magnetic tape cassette loaded with blank tape. Whenever he takes a schedded examination, he hands in his rasset.te with his papel. At the time of gmding, the grader p ~ t the s stndenl's cassette in a tape recorder and with the stitdent's paper in hand proceeds to dictate his comments into the recorder. Wheo he has finished grading the first paper and commenting on it, he removes the cassette and replaces it with the c a ~ s e t t eof a second stttdent whose paper he then grades in t w n . I n place of a few words written an the examinntian paper the grader records s. whole paragraph, or essay if desired, on the tape. The examination paper and cassette is then returned to t,he st~ldent,who carries them t o t,he library, where he bon.aws a tape recorder and earphone. He p ~ t sthe cassette in the recorder and with his paper in hand listens to tho grader explain his mistakes. The examination paper may bew a grade, but the cassette bears the comments. Thestudent needs therecorder only aholit ten minlitea. Here at the York campus of The Pennsylvania State University we are wing General Electric tape recordew, modcl No. 704. Other models available are: North Americnn Philips (Norelco), Cnry-Co1.d~Xi and the 3-11 Co., Wollensak 4100. A w n m 11. P R . ~
JAY A. YOUNG King's College Wilkes-Bavre, Pennsylvania
Volume 46, Number 5, Moy 1969
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