Books
Basic Statistical Theory Statistical Treatment of Experimental Data. J. R. Green and D. Margerison. χ + 382 pages. Elsevier Scientific Pub lishing Co., P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1977. $34.95. DM. 85
Reviewed by David Frazier, Standard Oil Co. of Ohio, 4440 Warrensville Center Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Nearly a quarter of this thick book is devoted to straight or mildly curved lines constrained to go through an ar bitrary point, so if you are an analyti cal chemist who insists that your cali bration curves go squarely through the origin, this is certainly the book for you. On the other hand, if you are a bun gler who hopes it will tell you how to use multiple regression to salvage something—anything—from last year's program, you will be disap pointed since the last chapter (10 pages) is only " A brief look at multiple regression". And if you are a youngster eager to show up the rest of us with the effi ciency, subtlety, and symmetry of your experimentation, you will have to look elsewhere: Although on page three you are told, "Design of experi ment should be arranged efficiently", nowhere are you told how to do this. About half of this book is a work manlike review of basic statistical theory including distributions, expec tation, estimation, hypothesis testing, errors of the two kinds, tests on vari ances, maximum likelihood, consisten cy, efficiency, sufficiency, and many others. These ideas are important to a practicing or teaching statistician, but they are seldom consciously used by experimenters. The computational formulas given are appropriate for mechanical desk calculators, not for electronic calcula tors with floating point words. In my opinion, few readers of A N A L Y T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y will find this book widely useful. Using Digital and Analog Integrated Circuits. L. W. Shacklette and H. A. Ashworth. χ + 305 pages. PrenticeHall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632. 1977. $10.95
Reviewed by Timothy A. Nieman, School of Chemical Sciences, Univer sity of Illinois, Urbana, III. 61801
This paperback text provides the reader with an introduction to the properties and more common applica tions of IC's. This laboratory textbook is organized as a series of experiments and is suitable for self-study or to ac company a course in electronics. The text assumes the reader is familiar with power supplies, oscilloscopes, current and voltage meters, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors. The orientation of the book is not toward fundamental understanding but rather toward practical applica tion (as the authors state, ".. . to make something work"). The experiments in the digital sec tion (logic gates through registers, ad ders, and memory) are duplicated for T T L and CMOS. The authors do a good job of pointing out the differ ences in performance of T T L and CMOS, and indicate applications par ticularly suited to one or the other. However, it is disappointing that there is no attempt to explain the mecha nism of these two, or of any of the other, different logic families. The dis cussion of ECL is limited to: "Very fast but expensive. High power con sumption." The explanation of the difference in 7400, 74S00, 74L0O, etc., IC's ("These letters can usually be ig nored") is dangerously simplistic. The analog section is limited to properties and applications of opera tional amplifiers. There is a particu larly good section dealing with the properties of real OA's (slew rate, off set voltage, etc.), which is emphasized with examples and experiments illus trating the limitations of the 741 OA. Following the conventional digital and analog experiments are 12 more complicated projects (temperature controller, sample and hold, electronic music box, minutes timer, etc.) that introduce additional IC's and provide practice with earlier concepts. The appendices are quite useful. There is a list of addresses of suppliers of electronic equipment, IC's, compo nents, and devices. A somewhat limit ed bibliography suggests useful texts, manuals, data books, and magazines. A very helpful section includes data sheets for a T T L (7400), a CMOS (4011 A), and OA (741) IC and ex plains all of the specifications given on the sheets. Scattered throughout the book are the pin configurations of nearly 40 IC's; the need to reference a
manufacturers' data book is reduced but not eliminated. Also occurring throughout the book are historical notes on the development, marketing, and social impact of IC's. The book is well organized and easy to read. Within its limited scope it provides a useful introduction to digi tal and analog integrated circuits.
Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrom etry, Vol. 2: Hypnotics, Anticonvul sants, and Sedatives. Benjamin J. Gudzinowicz and Michael J. Gudzinowicz. viii + 493 pages. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1977. $45
Reviewed by Jack E. Wallace, Dept. of Pathology, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, Tex. 78284 This book, the second in a series of five volumes, has considerable amounts of useful information for the analytical chemist working in the areas of clinical chemistry and analyti cal toxicology. Chapter 1 has an excel lent description of methods available for the isolation of pharmacologic agents from biologic specimens. Par ticular emphasis is directed toward the analysis of barbiturates. A com prehensive literature review of the gas chromatographic methods for deter mining barbiturates is presented in a descriptive manner for both the underivatized as well as the derivatized barbiturates. Chapter 2 continues the same for mat with a discussion of a large num ber of anticonvulsant and sedative drugs. Again the literature review of the various methods for determining these compounds in biologic speci mens is extensive. Considerable ana lytical information is given for the de rivatives of chloral hydrate acetylenic alcohols, cyclic ethers, carbamate drugs, piperidines, quinazolones, ben zodiazepine compounds, and several of the anticonvulsants including carbamazepine. In addition, a large amount of pharmacological informa tion is given for each of these groups of drugs. Continuing with the same format as the previous chapters, Chapter 3 con siders a large number of anticonvul-
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 50, NO. 7, JUNE 1978 · 679 A
Books
Clinical Chemistry ACS Symposium Series No. 36 Donald T. Forman and Richard W. Mattoon, Editors Based on the Annual Lecture Series co-sponsored by the Chicago Sections of the American Chemical Society and the American Association of Clinical Chemists. This new volume is a compendium of current information on topics that have a clinical chemical basis but which are also of interest to specialists in clinical areas such as pediatrics, endocri nology, and hematology. Ten chapters examine the etiology of disease and diagnosis as well as describe technical advances which can be applied more practically in the near future. Clinical chemists, biochemists, and hospital pathologists, universities, and training programs as well as medical specialists and laboratory technol ogists will find valuable material on: • separation and characterization of hemoglobins, measurement of calciotropic hormones, competitive protein binding assays • prenatal detection of genetic diseases, neonatology, blood gas abnormalities, clinical enzymology • modern liquid chromatography, trace metals in biological fluids, drug interference in laboratory testing
293 pages (1976) $19.75 clothbound LC 76-49983 ISBN 0-8412-0345-8
SIS/American Chemical Society 1155 16th St., N.W./Wash., D.C. 20036 Please send copies of SS 36 Clinical Chemistry at $19.75 per copy. Π Check enclosed for $ . D Bill me. Postpaid in U.S. and Canada, plus 40 cents elsewhere. Name Address City
State
Zip
sants including the less-known and utilized compounds. Throughout the book, metabolite information is avail able if applicable to the particular an alytical method. The book for the most part is a re view of published analytical methods that are accurately documented. Few if any comments are original with the current authors. This is not recom mended as a textbook but would serve as an excellent reference book to cir cumvent extensive literature search ing for information relative to the analysis of biologic specimens for spe cific drugs.
WHEATON Micro Product Vials
Fractionation of Synthetic Polymers. L. H. Tung, Ed. vii + 748 pages. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1977. $69.50
Reviewed by John G. Cobler, Analyti cal Dept., Dow Chemical Co., Mid land, Mich. 48640 "Fractionation of Synthetic Poly mers" is a collection of seven indepen dently written chapters on the princi ples and practices of practical meth ods of polymer fractionation. E. F. Casassa authored the chapter on phase equilibrium in polymer solu tions. The thermodynamics of liquid mixtures are reviewed, and the simi larities and differences between mod els for simple mixtures and polymer solutions are discussed. The FloryHuggins lattice theory is used to de scribe phase separations in binary sys tems. Newer theories consider the noncombinatory entropy of mixing and appear to overcome some of the inadequacies of the Flory-Huggins treatment. The chapter concludes with a table of symbols. I t would have been helpful if the other authors had done likewise, particularly since the same symbols are not used through out. K. Kamide discusses the theory and principles of molecular weight frac tionation in binary systems by succes sive precipitation and successive solu tion. Experimental and computer sim ulation calculations are reported. Un fortunately, 50 pages of figures are in serted in the center of the chapter. I found it difficult to maintain a conti nuity of thought when searching through 50 pages to find a figure relat ed to the text discussion. E. M . Barrall I I , J. F. Johnson, and A. R. Cooper prepared the chapter on column chromatography. The authors state that a detailed review has been sacrificed in order to present a coher ent picture of the method that could be useful to the experimentalist, an undertaking that was successfully ac complished. The chapter reviews in-
For storage and research using costly micro samples. The cone-shaped interiors of Wheaton Micro Product Vials as sure total downward drainage, permitting maximum retrieval of contents by syringe or pipette. Wasting of expensive material is eliminated. Vials are exception ally sturdy. Use them for small scale reactions, centrifugation and shipping, as well as storage. Available with screw caps or septa and aluminum seals in sizes from 0.1 ml to 5 ml. The 0.1 ml size fits standard auto samplers. Wheaton "200" brand borosilicate glass pro vides exceptional thermal and chemical endurance. Safeguards the integrity of the product against changes in pH. Vials and caps can be autoclaved. O r d e r t h r o u g h Cole-Parmer Instru ment Co., Dynalab Corp., Fisher Scientific Co., Markson Science Inc., Rochester Scientific Co., Inc., Scientific Products, Wilkens-Anderson Company a n d O t h e r
leading dealers.
WH EATON S C I E N T I F I C A DIVISION OF W H E A T O N INDUSTRIES 1000 North 10th St.. Millville. New Jersey 0B33S U.S.A.
CIRCLE 235 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 50, NO. 7, JUNE 1978 · 681 A
Books
GAS PAINS ! Let Rapid Curing Flash Polymerization be the answer. Most gas oven users find it hard to believe how quickly and efficiently we can replace their ovens with Xenon's flash polymerization technique. And they don't even need to add a UV initiator to their material. Maybe you've been skeptical too, but Xenon can make a believer out of you. If you're still using large, bulky, slow curing, gas eating ovens, then you're living in the dark ages. Let us show you the light at the end of that tunnel. Think about it: Your com petitors may already have seen the light. Why not get started with our RC 4000; Xenon Corporation's third generation flash polymeri zation laboratory curing system. Maybe your com petition is already using the RC4000. In that case, you're further in the dark than you think. You can see the light, though,and Xenon makes it easy. Just call or drop us X E N O N corporation a line at Xenon and we'll be happy to introduce you to 66 Industrial Way this new method of rapid Wilmington, MA 01887 curing with pulsed light. (617)658-8940 TWX: 710-347-0630 •
Τ
CIRCLE 240 ON READER SERVICE CARD
GILSON AUTOMATIC FRACTIONATOR FOR ACRYLAMIDE GELS Q I L S O N
Several important design features such as incremental advance of the gel, a rotating cutting wire and a pulsing pump have resulted in a greatly improved GEL FRACTIONATOR when compared with previously available devices. The Gel Fractionator also has the mincing assembly located above the scintillation vials so that the minced particles are flushed directly into each vial. Thickness of the gel slice can be selected (0.5, 1, 2 mm). The uniformity is such that the maximum error of the minced gel dispensed into each vial is ± 4 % . The average error is ±1.3%. Write or phone for literature.
GILSON MEDICAL ELECTRONICS, INC. Post Office Box 27, Middleton, Wis. 53S62 ·
Phone 608/836-1551
CIRCLE 82 ON READER SERVICE CARD 682 A ·
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 5 0 , NO. 7, JUNE
1978
strumentation, gradient formation, sample preparation, and detectors. Examples of column fractionation of a number of polymers and copolymers are reported. Although the authors state that the technique has applica tion in macromolecular studies of polymer branching, tacticity, and co polymer composition, the chapter is devoted principally to fractionation based on molecular weight. Hans-Georg Elias discusses the thermodynamic aspects and general experimental procedures for the phase separation of dilute homogeneous macromolecular solutions under the general headings of cloud-point and turbidity titrations. Application of the techniques to the study of tacticity, branching, copolymer composition, and to the determination of theta temperatures and solubility parame ters is briefly reviewed. G. Riess and P. Callot authored the chapter on fractionation of copoly mers. Excluded from consideration are the stereoblock or steric isomers of macromolecules containing basic units that are chemically identical. Of par ticular interest to the analytical chem ist is a short section on chemical and physical methods for studying copoly mer composition. The classical tech niques for the fractionation of homopolymers can be applied to copoly mers; however, cross-fractionation ap pears to be preferred since i t leads to real distribution curves in composition and molecular weight. Although the various techniques are reviewed only briefly, this chapter will be invaluable to the practicing analytical chemist. L. H. Tung and J. C. Moore cover very adequately gel permeation chro matography instrumentation, theory, data treatment, and the difficulties (zone spreading, adsorption, associa tion, overloading, etc.) that can be en countered in molecular weight studies. A section on special applications cov ering recycling, differential GPC, long chain branching, and universal cali bration is particularly interesting. H. Inagaki authored a thought-pro voking chapter on thin-layer chroma tography. Although TLC has been in existence for a long time, applications in the polymer area have been some what neglected. The fundamentals and experimental techniques are dis cussed and illustrated by applications involving the determination of com positional heterogeneity, elucidation of copolymerization mechanisms, and molecular weight distribution mea surements. Each chapter is well documented with references. The author and subject indexes appear to be complete. The authors have provided a reason-
Books
"Beautiful catalog for reference and purchasing."
able balance of theory and practices; thus, the book should appeal to both the theorist and the practicing chem ist. T h e analytical chemist should not buy the book with the hope of finding detailed analytical methods. However, after mastering the principles provid ed by t h e authors, t h e analytical chemist should be able to devise frac tionation schemes for the separation of polymeric materials on the basis of molecular weight or comonomer com position.
R . L .Walter The Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles, Calif.
New Books
CIRCLE 4 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ULTRAPURE chemicals
When you simply can't tolerate impurities or uncertainties in your reagents Over 100 of the purest reagents and chemicals available anywhere in the world. Every product is accompanied by a detailed Certificate of Analysis of the actual lot supplied. In terms of spectrochemically detectable impurities, ULTREX products are typically 99.995% to 99.99995% pure. And the extremely low content of all impurities (often at the parts per billion level) satisfies the most rigid use requirements. Whenever your requirements for purity and product definition are stringent, ULTREX ultrapures can indeed insure against loss of time, effort, and other expenses. Consider ULTREX when you just can't afford to gamble with impurities or uncertainties.
ULTREX ®
Write for new ULTREX ultrapure Reagent brochure.
J. Τ. Baker Chemical Co. Phillipsburg, N.J. 08865 201859-5411
J.T.Baker ®
CHEMICALS
CIRCLE 23 O N READER SERVICE CARD 684 A ·
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 50, NO. 7, JUNE
1978
Biological and Biomedical Applica tions of Isoelectric Focusing. Nicholas Catsimpoolas and James Drysdale, Eds. xv + 351 pages. Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 West 17th St., New York, N.Y. 10011. 1977. $32.50 Some of the important applications of the isoelectric focusing technique are reviewed by 11 authorities in the field. A total of 10 chapters deal with the use of the isoelectric focusing tech nique for the separation and charac terization of different types of pro teins such as hemoglobin, allergens, muscle proteins, nuclear nonhistine proteins and seed proteins present in various biological media. T h e book emphasizes recent advances in knowl edge rather t h a n methodology aspects, except when special procedures are re viewed.
High Performance Mass Spectrometry: Chemical Applications (ACS Sympo sium Series, Vol. 70). Michael L. Gross, Ed. ix + 358 pages. American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. 1978. $28 A symposium on mass spectrometry was hosted by the University of Ne braska, Lincoln, Neb., November 3-5, 1976. T h e objective of the forum was to review the current state of knowl edge, with particular emphasis on structure, property, and energy sur face determinations of gas-phase ions, and applications of high-performance mass spectrometry to trace analyses of biological and environmental samples. T h e 18 papers presented at t h a t sym posium were updated during 1977 and are collected in this volume. Although the papers in general represent origi nal contributions and therefore em phasize the research carried out at the authors' own laboratories, each chap ter also contains a review of the funda mental principles necessary to under stand the research. T h e volume is di vided into two sections. T h e first in-
