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944
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
During 1 9 1 0 , of the 451 iron ore mines in operation, 191 mines produced Over 50,000 long tons each, the largest quantity produced b y a single mine being 3,190,093 tons, b y the Hull-Rust mine, of the Mesabi range, Minnesota. Nine mines in Minnesota, besides one group of mines in Michigan and one group in Alabama, produced more than I,OOO,OOO tons each, the second greatest production being 1,769,067 long tons b y the Red Mountain group of mines, near Birmingham, Alabama. Twenty-five mines produced more than 500,ooo tons each. Importations of iron ore in 1910 were the greatest in the history of the industry, being 2,591,031 tons, valued a t $7,832,225. Exports were 644,875 tons valued a t $2,074,164. Figures showing the foreign production of iron ore are not yet available for 1910, b u t the following table for 1909 shows .the supremacy of the United States in iron mining. United States.. .................... .long tons. .51,155,437 Germany and Luxemburg. . . . . . . . . ..metric tons. . 2 5 , 5 0 6 , 0 0 0 United Kingdom.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..long tons. .14,979,979 France. .......................... .metric tons. .11,890,000 Cuba.. ........................... .long tons. . 1,417,914
No other country produced so much as a million tons. It will be seen that the United States produced nearly one-half of the total of the world’s output. I n steel production in 1910, Pennsylvania led all States, with 13,107,539long tons and Ohio came second with 5,050,608 tons. The total production of. the United States was 26,094,919 tons.
Dec., 1911
1909, aluminum scrap, and alloys of any kind in which aluminum is the component material of chief value, in crude form, are dutiable a t 7 cents per pound, and plates, sheets, bars, and rods a t 1 1 cents per pound instead of 8 cents and 13 cents, respectively. The president of the Aluminum Company of America states t h a t business in 1910 fell off on account of curtailed production in steel-making, in which it is used for deoxidizing and in the curtailed automobile business. “Large stocks accumulated and are still accumulating. Some plants have been cut back half and unless the demand improves still further cutting back will be necessary. The aluminum cooking utensil business was good. Although a new (aluminum) sheet-rolling mill was built in Niagara Falls in 1910, i t was not put into operation, on account of the falling off in business, but as i t was built to meet future requirements, it is expected t h a t the time will come when the mill will be required.” The following is a summary of an article which appeared in the Frankfurter Zeitung of August I O : “The development of the aluminum industry has been unusually rapid, the world’s production having risen from 1 1 , 5 0 0 metric tons in 1905 t o 24,200 metric tons in 1909, and 34,000 metric tons in 1910. The distinctive feature about the aluminum trade is t h a t i t is in the hand8 of only 1 2 companies, of which 5 , viz., the Aluminum Industrie Akt. Ges., of Neuhausen, the SociCt6 Electro-MCtallurgique Francaise, of Froges, the Compagnie des Produits Chimiques d’Alais et de la Camargue, of Salindres, the British Aluminum Company (Ltd.), and the Aluminum Company of America, account for nine-tenths of the total output.”
BAUXITE AND ALUMINUM PRODUCTION.
The United States Geological Survey reports t h a t the 1910 output of bauxite in the United States was 148,932 long tons, valued a t $716,258. The average price at the mines has been: 1908, $5.06; 1909, $5.26; 1910, $4.81. Bauxite is principally used in the production of metallic aluminum, and in the manufacture of the artificial abrasive, alundum, a t Niagara Falls. This abrasive is made in the electric furnace b y fusing calcined bauxite. Experiments are also being made in admixing bauxite with other materials for making refractory brick, which for linings far exceeds the life of silica or fire-clay bricks. The world’s production of bauxite in 1909 total 270,581 tons, valued a t $949,924, of which the American share was 129,101 tons, worth $679,447. The French output was 128,099 tons, worth $251,188. The growth and magnitude of the aluminum industry in the United States are shown in the fact that only 83 pounds were produced in 1883, 3,000 pounds in 1886, 4,000,000 pounds in 1897, 1 7 , 2 1 1 , 0 0 0 pounds in 1907, 34,210,ooo pounds in 1909 and 47,734,000 pounds in 1910. The American exports of aluminum a n d its manufactures increased from $364,521 in 1906 t o $949,215 in 1910. Under the Payne-Aldrich tariff act of August,
WORLD’S CONSUMPTION OF BEER, WINE AND SPIRITS.
More beer is consumed in the United States than in any other country of the world, and more distilled spirits than in any other country except Russia., The quantity per capita consumed in the United States is not, however, in the case of beer, as great as in Belgium, United Kingdom, Germany, or Denmark, while our per capita consumption of distilled spirits is less than t h a t of Denmark, Hungary, Austria, France, Netherlands, or Sweden. Of wines, the quantity consumed in the United States is below t h a t of Portugal, Spain, Germany, Italy, or France; and the per capita consumption is less than t h a t of France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, or Hungary. The following table, compiled from official sources b y the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, shows in millions of gallons the consumption of malt liquors, wines, and distilled spirits, respectively, in the principal countries of the world for which statistics of this character are published and the per capita consumption in each instance, the figures being for the latest year for which statistics are available.
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