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Industrial Waste Treatment Practice. E. F. Eldridge. 1st ed. 4 0 1 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N e w York, N . Y., 1942. Price, S5.00. J. HE author has drawn on his extensive experience at the Engineering Experiment Station, East Lansing, Mich., supplemented by the more rec-ent literature, to prepare a comprehensive presentation of the treatment of industrial waste. Introd u c t o r y the general nature of the industrial waste problem is briefly presented. Methods of surveying stream pollution and t h e capacity of a stream f o r self purification constitute t h e first chapter. That leads t o general characteristics of industrial wastes and met: hods o f classification. Standard methods of treatment with the necessary structures a n d equipment follow. Having covered these topics in less than one quarter of the space, the author turns to specific industries, first outlining the commercial operations from which t h e waste originates» following it through treatment withi numerous tables of characteristics before and after treatment. T h e industries covered are beet sugar including utilization o f Steffens waste; milk products; canning with particular attention t o peas, tonaatoes, beets, and corn as well as the full-line cannery ; tanning of unhaired hides and sheepskins : pulp and paper with particular attention t o recovery from white water a n d including strawboard; textile was-tes from deterging, bleaching, dyeing, printing, a n d miscellaneous operations such\ as desizing, mercerizing, weighting, and carbonizing; meat packing and animal slaughtering ; laundering; acid or alkaline naetal-pickling solutions, waste cyanide solutions, and cyanide wastes from heat treating; g a s and coke production including recovery and disposal of phenol; fermentation with attention concentrated on beer slop and malthouse wastes ; oil production a n d refining. Each of these wastes i s considered when combined with domestic sewage. Finally 18 pages summarize me-thods o f analysis of industrial waste. Treatment by the activated sludge process tends to accentuate Mallory's oxidized sludge. Emphasis is placed o n recovery of materials for re-use where possible and on segregation of concentrated wastes. Yet recovery of tall oil from kraft waste is not mentioned, probably because of i t s location in a different region from t h e plants cited. Some industrial processes
VOLUME
2 0,
presented as yielding waste are not commercially important, "frosted" wool for example, but the author usually so states. B y cross reference from given type of equipment in one industry where applicable t o another, a great deal of repetition is avoided. T h e book is well printed. N o significant errors were found; naturally there are a few minor ones. T h e reviewer believes that this is a valuable reference for any engineer dealing with waste treatment as well as a suitable text for courses in sanitary engineering. FOSTER D E E S N E L L
Advances in Colloid Science. Elmer O. Kraemer, Editor, in collaboration with Floyd E. Bartell and S. S. Kùstler. Vol. 1, 1st ed. 434 pages, 161 illustrations. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1942. Price, $5.00. X His is t h e first of a series of volumes intended t o provide a medium in which recent significant discoveries or advances in colloid science, either experimental or theoretical, m a y be presented in a more comprehensive and unified fashion than is possible in t h e regular technical periodicals. This first volume contains t h e following 12 papers: P. II. EMMETT.
T h e Measurement of the
Surface Areas of Finely Divided or Porous Solids b y Low Temperature Adsorption Isotherms. R. R. S U L L I V A N AND K. L. H E R T E L .
The
Permeability Method for Determining Specific Surface of Fibers and Powders. ARNE TISELIUS.
A N e w Method of Ad-
sorption Analysis Applications. J A M E S W.
and Some of Its
MCBAIN.
Solubilization
and
Other Factors in Detergent Action. K U R T H. M E Y E R .
Recent Developments
in Starch Chemistry. R.
E.
POWELL
AND HENRY
EYRING.
Frictional and Thermodynamic Properties of Large Molecules. H A R R Y B . W E I S E R A N D W. O. M I L U G A N .
T h e Constitution of Inorganic Gels. G. E . V A N G I L S A N D G. M. K R A A Y .
The
Creaming of Rubber Latex. JOHN
T.
EDSALL.
Streaming
Birefrin-
gence and I t s Relation to Particle Size and Shape. R O B E R T J. M Y E R S .
Synthetic-Resin Ion
Exchangers. THOMAS
F.
ANDERSON.
The
Study
of
Colloids w i t h the Electron Microscope. E R N S T A. HATJSER.
Anomalies in Surface
Tensions of Solutions. I t is frankly stated in the preface that "the contributions should have an individualistic point of view, and should show
NO. 9 » » M A Y 10,1 9 4 2
a definite emphasis upon the author's own part in t h e development in question"; consequently it is not surprising that what may be considered undue emphasis on the work of certain individuals is encountered. T h e contributions are "not intended t o be reviews or compilations from the literature in t h e usual sense"; consequently o n e cannot legitimately criticize them for what they were not intended to be. Meyer's article o n recent developments in starch chemistry, written from the point of view of both organic and physical chemistry is timely and an excellent presentation. T h e article by Edsall concerning birefringence and its relation to particle size is also outstanding. T h e articles by Tiselius and b y Anderson describe two new and important experimental techniques. T h e adsorption analysis diagrams of the former and t h e electron microscope photographs of the latter are well chosen and t h e descriptions in each case are excellent. T w o articles, o n e b y E m m e t t and the other b y Sullivan and Hertel, describe different methods for t h e determination of the surface area of finely divided solids. T h e limitations of the methods as well as their applicability are s e t forth. Anderson's article gives information o n distribution of particle size and is complementary t o these t w o articlesPowell and Eyring attempt to extend the statistical approach t o the problems of chemical reaction rates and dynamic properties t o the study of large and long molecules and their behavior i n solution. A provocative article, b u t it m a y be a bit early t o theorize about rates of diffusion, sedimentation, a n d dielectric relaxation for such systems when s o little is known about these properties from an experimental point of view. In the sedimentation velocity section, a possible effect of variation of rotor speed on the sedimentation constant is discussed. Actually in the most modern analytical ultracentrifuges t h e solution in the cell is never, under a n y circumstances, subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of more than 5 0 0 to 600, usually not more than 300, atmospheres and, as a matter of experimental fact, n o variation in t h e value o f the sedimentation constant with rotor speed has ever been observed. In t h e treatment of dielectric behavior it seems that the various types of system, viz., solids, gases, pure liquids, and dilute solutions, are not sharply differentiated. Theories which 617
arc developed to describe one situation may fail completely in another. Wciser and Milligan present a summary of their own interesting work on the con stitution of inorganic oxide and salt gels by the use of phase rule and diffraction techniques. Myers' article on syntheticresin ion exchange reactions is a typical good review article on an interesting and relatively new subject. The contribu tions by McBain, Hauser, and Van Gils and Kraay are descriptive and of the type commonly found in the classical colloid chemistry. The article by Van Gils and Kraay emanated from Java. Let us hope that it will not be long before the Dutch are again writing scientific articles in Java! J. H. MATHEWS J. W. WILLIAMS
There is a selected bibliography under each of the following headings: Total War and the Civilian, Air Raid Conduct and Services, Fire Fighting, Incendiary Bombs and High Explosives, Poison Gas, First Aid, Civilian Conservation and Salvage, and Nutrition in Wartime Emergency. Available motion pictures relating to civilian defense are listed. For those actively engaged in civilian de fense work the book provides a convenient and useful reference. For those who are not, it can be recommended as a clear, concise treatment of complex problems which no one can overlook today. Royal ties from sales of the book will go t o the Civilian Defense Council of the College of the City of New York to be used in further ing civilian defense activities.
Safe Practice Bulletins British Plastics Year Book, 1942. 12th ed. 464 pages. Plastics Press, Ltd., Sidney Road, Bedford, England. Price, 15s. INOTWTTHSTANDTNO handicaps of wartime censorship and paper shortages, the annual British Plastics Year Book has appeared very much as usual and offers much of in terest t o those concerned with various plastic materials. The editorial section is necessarilv cur tailed somewhat, but includes reviews of patents on phenol formaldehyde and ethenoid resins and on nylon, as well as one on progress in cellulose acetate during 1941. Patents for the latter are not in cluded, but are being published in the monthly journal British Plastics. The remainder of the book follows the general plan of its predecessors and in cludes the following sections: names and addresses of producers, associations, insti tutes, consultants and imperial trade in quiry offices; proprietary names and trade marks of the industry; materials used; plant and equipment; manufactured products; associations, federations, etc.; Who's Who; and miscellaneous data.
1 wo new Safe Practice Bulletins have been released by the Department of Labor and Industry, iiarrisburg, Penna. They are No. 94, "Removal of Volatile Fumes in Photolithographic Printing in Manufac ture of Bottle Caps" by J. A. Cummings, Armstrong Cork Co.; and N o . 95, "Safe Practice in the Manufacture and Applica tion of Acrylic Plastics" by D . S. Freder ick, Rohm & Haas Co. T h e publica tions are available free of charge on request to the department.
Journal of Chemical Education for M a y X HE Journal of Chemical Education for May contains, among others, the following articles: C. R. ADDINALL. The Vitamins. WALTER C. HEARD, JR. A Simple Sodium
Press for the Small Laboratory. FREDERICK H. GETMAN.
Apparatus for Semimicro Filtration. HOMER
ADKINS.
Carbonyl
Compounds
as Oxidizing Agents. DAVID DAVIDSON.
Handbook of Civilian Protection. Civilian Defense Council, College of the City of New York. 1st ed. 184 pages, 5.25 X 7.5 inches. Whittlesey House, Mc Graw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42nd St., N e w York, Ν . Υ . , 1942. Price, $1.25.
T h e Old Tung
sten Mine at Long Hill, Conn. JACOB CORNOG A N D FLOYD O. KRAUSE.
The Indicator Method
of Classifying Acids and Bases in Quali tative Analvsis. RICHARD S. BEAR.
Construction of Com
plex Molecular Models with Applica tion t o Carbohydrates. F. W. FROMM. Lecture Experiment on the Synthesis and Combustion of Am monia.
RAYMOND IV1. Fuoss. Electrical Proper ties of Solids. Part II. L u i s F. LKUOY. A Device t o Demon strate Electronic Transfer in Redox Reactions. HAROLD BECHKR.
A Method of Teaching
Thermodynamic Functions. P A U L PORTKR SUTTON.
Phase Models for
Ternary Systems. C. H . JEGLUM. Liquid Glass and Solid Solutions.
Producing for W a r JL RODUCIXG FOR WAR" is the title of a
115-page booklet prepared by the War Economics Division of the Research Insti tute of America and published in March this year. I t is intended to help business men both i n converting to war production and in obtaining suitable war jobs. There are details o n government contracting and subcontracting, finance, and operation, to gether with discussions on efficiency and maintenance of labor supply. The com pilation contains much additional specific information, including addresses of those in charge o f government buying, construc tion, etc., for war needs. T h e publication should be of value t o those whose present problems relate t o war production. It can be obtained from the institute, 292 Madison Ave., N e w York, N. Y - , the price being $2.00 a copy.
Cleaning Gasoline Tanks KECOMMEMDEB safe practices for clean ing crude petroleum and gasoline storage tanks are described and illustrated in two manuals published by the American Petro leum Institute's Department of Accident Prevention. Copies of the manuals, re visions of the single manual previously issued, m a y be obtained from the insti tute, 50 West 50th St., New York, Ν . Υ., a t 25 cents each. e^y®
T H E Pfaudler Co., Rochester, Ν . Υ., has devoted its April May issue of The Glass Lining t o wake-up-America appeal, from the red, white, and blue Uncle Sam poster cover through the publication's 15 pages. Articles are on America's rubber raw material problem, obtaining greater service from present dairy equipment, food and t h e war, manufacturing in Ar gentina, and other timely items.
I N BRIEF, clear fashion this pocket-size handbook discusses effective civilian or ganization for defense, responsibilities of air-raid wardens and home owners, duties of auxiliary firemen and individual fire fighters, the way to deal with incendiary bombs, precautions to take with high ex plosives, what to do in case of gas attacks, and effective first aid. Other chapters tell how to save materials ordinarily wasted and how to maintain health by following rules for a well-balanced diet.
618
CHEMICAL
A N D ENGINEERING
NEWS
" -5
Rubber and Plastics Research Center A CENTER for study a n d research in rub· " • ber a n d plastics h a s been proposed b y t h e D e t r o i t Rubber a n d Plastics Group, inc., Detroit, Mich. W i t h the help of interested individuals and industries it is planned t o establish a complete rubber a n d plastics laboratory a t W a y n e Univer sity, where arrangements have been made for allocation of space in t h e special prob lems la» oratory of t h e Department of Chemici.i Engineering. I t is expected t h a t by September 1, 1942, equipment will be installed and courses available which will include an introductory course cover ing t h e properties a n d testing of rubber a n d plastics; compounding, molding, and testing of rubber and plastics; chemistry a n d advanced study of rubber and plas tics; a n d research projects in both fields. T h e first three are t o b e one-semester courses, giving a knowledge of t h e funda mentals involved. C . W. Selheimer will be in charge of the instruction. T h e group consists of approximately 450 members drawn largely from the industrial a n d educational plants in t h e Detroit area, with others from all sections of Michigan, northern Ohio, and Indiana. I t was organized in 1927 with a nucleus of 12 members. The group plans to equip t h e Inboratory complete with materials for experimentation a n d literature for reference, t o supply lecture notes a n d lectures as needed, t o maintain a commit tee to which questions m a y be referred, a n d t o give actual t r a i n i n g in laboratory processing. Donations of some equipment as well as cash ha*" already been received. J . C. Dudley Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich., is ha. ing t h e acquisition of equipment, whiio cash donations should be sent t o E. J . Kvet, Baldwin Rubber Co., Pontiac, Mich., secretary-treasurer of t h e group. T h e executive committee is made u p of J . H . Doering, chairman, W. B . Hoey, vice chairman, W. G . Nelson, coun selor, F . Wehmer, J : C. * "iley, J. R . Shroyer, J . Miller, E . F . rliesing, a n d W. M . Phillips.
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Cowgill Awarded Mead Johnson Research Prize Tj\>R research on t h e Β vitamins, George R. Cowgill, associate professor of physiological chemistry a t Yale University, was awarded the annual $1,000 Mead Johnson & Co. prize by t h e American I n s t i t u t e of Nutrition. D r . Cowgill, in early experiments with t h e vitamin Β complex, found t h a t it had a remarkable effect on t h e urge t o e a t — t h e so-called "appetite effect". Most recent research at D r . Cowgill's laboratories a t Yale is concerned with perfection of completely artificial diets for mice to assist studies concerning the relation of cancer t o diet.
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E v e r y h o u r s a v e d in t h e e r e c t i o n of y o u r welded piping means just that much more time for ssential w a r t i m e p r o d u c t i o n . A n d G r i n n e l l Welded Fittings are p r e c i s i o n - e n g i n e e r e d to save t i m e on every w e l d e d j o i n t ! T h e i l l u s t r a t i o n shows one t y p i c a l o p e r a t i o n in G r i n n e i r s precision p r o d u c t i o n . In t h i s exelusive process, o u t l e t s of all tees a n d crosses a r e a c c u r a t e l y e x t r u d e d . . . full wall t h i c k n e s s is m a i n t a i n e d . . . field w e l d i n g is l i m i t e d to p l a i n c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l b u t t welds, the q u i c k e s t - t o m a k e a n d strongest w e l d e d j o i n t s . G r i n n e l l W e l d i n g F i t t i n g s a r r i v e on t h e j o b e x a c t l y metal-matched a n d i d e n t i c a l in e n d t h i c k n e s s w i t h t h e p i p e or t u b i n g y o u select. T h e y are a c c u r a t e l y d i m e n s i o n e d to specifica t i o n s , w i t h e n d s c o r r e c t l y s c a r f e d . Y o u get quicker, better w e l d i n g . . . joints that pass i n s p e c t i o n easily a n d r e m a i n t r o u b l e - f r e e . Save t i m e for all-out p r o d u c t i o n by specifying G r i n n e l l W e l d i n g F i t t i n g s . W r i t e for c o m p l e t e D a t a Book. G r i n n e l l C o m p a n y , I n c . , E x e c u t i v e Offices, P r o v i d e n c e , R h o d e I s l a n d . B r a n c h offices in p r i n c i p a l cities of U n i t e d States a n d C a n a d a .
WELDING FITTINGS BY
GRINNELL WHENEVER
P I P I N G
IS
INVOLVED
