book reviews Editor: W. F. KIEFFER College of Woator Wowler, Ohio
student with some background in high school chemistry, although a9 the authors say, "it can he handled, with some perseverance, even by the student who has not had the high school course." I t would be worthwhile for general chemistry teachers to consider this text for their use.
DONALD B. SUMMERS N m Mezico Slate University Las Cruces, New Mezieo 88001
Fundamentals of Chemistry
Frank Brescia, John A~enls, Herbert Meislich, and Amos Tu&, all of the City College of the City University of New York. 2nd ed. Academic Press, Inc., 796 pp. New York, 1970. xxi Figs. and tables. 18.5 X 26 om. $10.95.
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It has been four years since the first edition of this book was published and the number of pages has been cot from 816 to 796. Even though the new edition has slightly larger dimensions, the total amount of reading material is 5 4 % less because of the wide margins provided for notes in the new edition. In the reviewer's opinion this is a trend in the right direction because many freshman chemistry texts are becoming unwieldy both in size and words. The order in which material is presented, although essentially the same as the previous edition has undergone some rearrangement, i.e., organic chemistry now appears in the last third of the text rather than the first third. Although new titles to chapters have been added, such as the Chemistry of Representative Elements, the Chemistry of the Transition Elements, Radiation and Matter, and Separation and Purifioation, much of the material in these chapters appeared in the first edition a t different places. An exception is the chapter on Radiation and Matter. The treatment of entropy is enlarged as is the presentation of reaction
-Reviewed
in this lssu-
mechanisms, wave mechanics, and acids and bases-hard and soft acids now appear. Material which is given less emphasis is qualitative analysis, metallurgical processes, and some historical development. Some of the full page diagrams have been decreased in size. Important words, phrases, sentences, and definitions are given in italics and the paragraph headings are put in the margins. In the first edition, these items were in heavy hlack print. Once again, sample problems are well explained and set apart from the body of the text by a different color print. (Second edition-a light green versus s. heavy black print in the first edition.) Mast of the extensive list of problem a t the end of each chapter are different than those in the first edition and furthermore, the total number and varieties of problems has been greatly increased (about 40% more problems per chapter). For example the chapter on Atoms and Molecules has the greatest number with 78 different prablems; most chapters offer 20-30 different ones and only one chapter (Intermolecular Forces) offers very few with only 8. Answers are given to all of the numerical problem. In the reviewers opinion, this wide selection of problems is a big help to the busy general chemistry teacher. If there is a teacher's manual to accompany the hook, which gives detailed answers to all of the questions, it would he of exceptional value as a time saver. The hook seem to he aimed at the good
Principles of Chemistry: A Structural Approach
Garth I m , Utah State University, Logan. International Textbook Ca., Scranton, Pennsylvenia, 1970. xiii 713 pp. Figs. and tables. 18.5 X 26 om. $11.25.
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This new entry to the field of freshman texts is intended far use in general ohemistry courses for chemistry majors and other science or engineering-oriented students. A knowledge of high-school chemistry is recommended, but sufficientfundamental material is included so that it could be used by intelligent students with no chemistry background. Algebra. is, of course, s prerequisite, hut ealculus is not required. Professor Lee effectively utilizes his years of teaching and previous writing experience as ca-author of the text, "General Chemistry: Inorganic and Organic," designed for s. less rigorous course (see J. CHEM.EDUC.43, 166 (1966)). His new volume uses an approach which is diflerent and a bit more sophistimted than any high-school program including the Chemical Bond Approach and Chem Study, and should prove interesting and challenging to bright, well-prepared beginning chemistry students. The hook is neatly attract,ive and effectively illustrated by Richard S. Bird in a two-color format. Dr. Lee refreshingly takes the historical approach in describing the development of some concepts to lend interest and to provide a basis for an apprecistion of the scientific method. Topics snd principles stressed are: the kinetio theory as it applies to the three states of matter, atomic structure, bonding, solutions, rates of reaction, chemical equilibrium, and electrochemistry. Thermodynamics does not appear as a. separate study but is introduced and applied where needed. The chapter on bonding is, without doubt, one of the best organized presentations of introductory molecular orbital theory presently on the market. Eight of the chapters contain discussions of tne elements and their inorganic compounds in t e r m of the principles and are correlated with atomic and molecular structure and with the position of the element in the periodio table. A student taking a course based on this text would not likely believe silver chloride to he a "pale green gas" (J. CHEM.EDUC. 47, 27 (1970)). Organic chemistry is not included in the text, but this is not a drawback since the chemistry majors would he taking later courses in that subject. (Continued on page A 108)
Volume 48, Number 2, Febr'uary 1971
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A107
book reviews The quantitative chapters contain an abundance of example problems with t,he solutions clearly shown, complete with units, and the answers given to the appropriate number of significant figures. Numerous exercises with answers appear within the chapters and additional exercises are provided at the end of each chapter so that a. snpplement,ary problem hook is unnecessary. The useful appendix contains s. luoid discussion of significant figures, brief reviews of the exponential form, the use of logarithms, straight line equations, and of calculation of the diameter of a sphere that fit,s various crystal holes relative to the diameter of the spheres surrounding the hole. I t also includes the periodic table, four-place logarithms, and answers to selected exercises. I n summn-ry, serious consideration should he given to this text by professors who favor a, modern, strongly structural qproach for science-oriented students. Properly used, i t should supply a firm fonndation for further courses in chemistry. For those not teaching such a oonrse. the volume still would he useful la=orbital theory.
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Experimenlal Physical Chemistry Farrington Daniels, et al., University of Wisconsin, Madison. 7th ed. McGrm-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1970. xiii 669pp. Figs. and tables. 19.5 X 24.5 om. $9.95.
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A seventh edition of the original 1929 "Experimental Physioal Chemist,ry7' by Daniels, et aI. is now available. On the s~.ri.,w, the uttl~,r.:2ppe.t~t t , h : t w n d r :t tla,rw&pinc rrvi-ion out515 tum. The table of hydrogenic wave orders are not given. The student studies less. functions on p. 37 will certainly leave a the experiment first and then plans his student with the impression that the real work-a method which develops both his Indeed, any book of less than 400 pages 2p. and 2p, wave functions are to be assopower and his interest.'' Indeed, the which costs $30 had better he a very good ciated with the values +1 and - 1 of the reader will not find an instruction such as one. Unhappily Tranchant does not magnetic quantum number m. Later on "Turn Stopcock B." He will find "Stopmeasure up. The paper in this book is of the author does say that this is not really cock B is turned." Procedures are given poor quality except for thirty pages near true, hut without ever indicating any reas a detailed set of "suggestions" in the the beginning, which for some reason are lationship between the quantum numbers passive voice. The tone of the procedural printed on a better quality. The referand angular momentum. The list of instructions, however, is inescapably ences at the end of each chapter are orbitals for homonuclear diatomic moleimperative, and this provides a focus for arranged differently in each chapter and cules on p. 90 makes the same error as my major criticism of this hook. "Experinone of them is very logical. This is many freshman texts in placing the 2pr mental Physioal Chemistry" is not a text especially unfortunate since there is no orbital lower in energy than the Zp,. The which encourages a. student to be creative overall author index, and the subject normal order is the reverse, as shown, for in the development of experiments. I t is index is poor. A short section on the example, by the ground states of C2 and not a text which awakens or stimulates literature of gas chromatography is not Nn+. On p. 6 3 the author refers to the scientific curiosity. I t cannot, therefore, as well done as that by Ettre. self-consistent field method as giving the be recommended ss 8. text for use in courses The hook contains needless duplica.tion "most complete and accurate calculain which these things are important oomof which the following is typicd In tions!' This is far from true. The Bornponents. As a reference it will he valuable, Chapter N, Apparatus, it says; "In order Oppenheimer approximation is mentioned and it may be snitable for 8. course with a to make & so-called 'traditional' column, on p. 68, hut no student would grasp the heavy emphasis on experimental techtubes of stainless steel, copper, glass, or nature of this very important concept nique. from the description given. Another displastic material may be used. The reaThe flavor of the Seventh Edition of sons for chdosing a particular material are "Experimental Physicd Chemistry" ~s appointing feature of the hook is the lack of any references in the text. This is only dealt with in Chapter V." The relevant essentially the flavor of the Sixth Edition. one-half page in Chapter V, Columns, I suspect that it is just this flavor which slightly remedied by a page of suggested begins with "Columns may he prepared has caused Rome undergraduates to find further readings at the end of the book. from stainless steel (soft), copper, alumiIn summary, the book is a fairly good chemistry less ~alatable. In fairness I num, or glass (silver and plastic materials introduction to Huckel theory for conjumust add that I am not familiar with anv gated organic molecules. On the other are seldom used)!' There is no need to other laboratory text in physical ohemistr; repeat this type of information, hut since hand, this reviewer cannot recommend it which provides m o h relief from this heavy the editor took time in Chapter IV to note as s text for an introductory course in taste. quantum theory as the student would get this cross-reference, he should have at J. S. KITTELRERGERtoo many wrong i d e a shout the fundaleast seen to it that the sentences were Amherst College mentals. consistent. A mherst, Massachusetts 01002 S. J. STRICKLER Most of the useful information in this Quantum Chemistry: Elementary Univwsitz, of Colorado book, like the tables and procedures, are Boulder Principles and Methods also included in Ettre's book which would make a less expensive reference work. N . V. Rirgs, University of New England, For individual student use, McNair and Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. Practical Manual of Gas Banelli's book ("Basic Gas ChromatogMaemillan Co., New York, 1969. ix Chromatography raphy;' Varian Aerograph, 1969) also 243 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 24 cm. contams much valuable practical informaEdited by Jean T~anchant,Laboratoire $8.95. tion at alower price ($5). Central des Poudres, Paris. American The author of this introductory text is Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., New JAMES M. MILLER an organic chemist, and the treatment is 387 pp. Figs. and York, 1969. xix Drew University particularly aimed at the needs of a hetables. 16 X 23 om. $30. ginning organic student. This is perhaps Madison, N. J. This book is the Erst English translation the strong point of the book. I t starts (Continued on page A 116) of the second French edition. The transwith the standard topics: an introduc-
book reviews
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A1 12
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Journal of Chemical Education
book reviews Approximate Molecular Orbital Theory
John A. Popre, Carnegie-Mellon University; and David L. Bewidge, City University of New York. McGrawHill Book Company, New York, 1970. viii 214 pp. Figs. and tables. 15 X 23.5 om. $10.
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Although r electron molecular orbital theory is quite successful in elucidating many chemical and physical properties of planar conjugated molecules, many attempts to calculate those of nonplanar molecules with the r electron molecular orbital methods were also considerably successful. However, ss Dewar points out (see Dewar's "The Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry") r electron MO theory is still of limited chemical value; it cannot even be applied to reactions of conjugated molecules since transition states do not normally have the symmetry necessary far the r electron MO approximation to he applicable, nor can it be applied to many problems concerning the behavior of nonconjugated molecules, such as conformational equilibria and steric hindrance. Furthermore, the success of nonplanar molecular calculations was restricted to very limited series of molecules. Therefore, one of the main features of recent semiempirical quantum chemical calculations is the growing interest in extensions and modilicrttions of the r electron MO theory to include all
A1 16
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Journal of Chemicol Education
valence electrons in the calculation. The present book is the first textbook to present the theory and methodology of approximate SCF-MO theory for all valence electrons. The authon begin their presentation with a brief discussion on quantum mechanical background; then follows a description of self-consistent field molecular orbital theory. The energy expression for a dosed-shell configuration, the Hsrtree-Fock equations for molecular orbitals and LCAO molecular orbitals for closed-shell and open-shell systems me discussed. Hydrogen fluoride has been used as an example to illustrate the LCAOSCF method. After presenting these backgrounds of SCF MO theory, then approximate molecular orbital thwries are introduced. The development of CNDO and INDO methods is stressed. The procedures of these methods are presented in a quite extensive manner. NDDO method is also described. In the last chapter of this book, CNDO and INDO methods are amdied to calculate and intemret molecu l ~ geumerrie~, r eleetnmic rharge dlrribumtd I I I I V I P L interII.~~~ Lids, rIe(.tron-PP~II avtions, lwlear q,ilt and nrlrlear spin interactions, etc. Listings of computer programs for the actual carrying out of the calculations are included in the appendix. Throuahout the book, the nresent* tions a< clear and easy to follo'w. This book contains the best discussion of this growing field I have ever seen. It is not only an excellent textbook for students hut also a useful reference for research workers. The authors' insights on various problems
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in this field make this book valuable to research chemists. The hook should b e long on the shelf of every quantum chemist.
YUHKANGPAN Boston College Chestnut Hill, Mass. 02167 Radiation Protection and Senriliration Edited by Harold Morosm, Sloan - Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Rye, New York, and Maxello Quintilim i , Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome. Barnes and Noble, Inc., New York, 1960. xvi 524 pp. Figs. and tables. 19 X 27 cm. $25.
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This volume contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Radiosemitivity and Radioprotective Drugs held a t the Istituo Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, May, 1969. The mog.orraph is conqwsed d ;r~esrchrcsdt.i obtained . i r m the fird nlreting, which was held I U 1964. and corn~risc;tivr review leotures, and 68 invitedAandcontributed papers representing the work of 162 scientists from 20 countries. The hook is written in English. Authors of individual papers and reviews have prepared them well; an introduction to the subject, experimental section (referenced), results and discussion of the results in terms of related researoh efforts are p r e sented in each section. The five review articles serve to provide the reader s broader view of this vast area. of research
(Continued m page A 118)
book reviews which encompasses the fields of organic chemistry, radiation research, and molecular hiology. These articles precede the main or ti on of the monograph which deals with mare specific research topics. The editors have organized the contributions in a systematic fashion and have included a subject and author index. Participants in the symposium sre also organized on the basis of countrv in the beginning - of the volume. Topid reviewed involve the molecular mechenisms of cellular radio-sensitization and protection, the repsir of DNA and the mode of action of these compounds, di& cussion of clinical investigations of halogenated pyrimidine analogs and radiosensitization and the protection of biological svstems from ionizina - radiation by sulfur containing compounds and those not wntaining this element (hypaxic agents and autonomic amines). Papers are classified biologically with 8 wnsidering molecular processes, 27 involved with protection and sensitization in single cells and 17 with multicellulm systems, 10 wnsidering the biochemistry and pha~mawlogyof protective and sensitizing compounds, and 4 involved with clinicel investigations. While most of these topics have been previously reviewed in a number of texts and journals owing to the rapid growth of information, this volume is timely, interesting to read, and informative. Unfortunately, it is already one year old. This monograph should he included in chemically and biologically oriented libraries serving research interests in free radical processes (in vitro and in viva), radiation research, cellular biology and hiochemistry, c a n m therapy, and drugs. In addition to its obvious usefulness in research, this work can serve as an idea source for a multitude of chemically and biologically oriented senior thesis problems and may be utilized es a reference far information to he incorporated into the free radical chemistry section of undergraduate and graduate organic (and especially organ-biochemistry) courses and for outside lecture reading awignments. All papers and reviews are referenced. Although much of this volume is probably too advanced for the average undergraduate student, superior students in chemistry could conceivably gain muoh from reading selected papers and reviews. A knowledge of organic and biochemistry is a prereauisite to thorouehlv understanding this vofume. A biology major with no o%snic chemical background would find most of this work virtually impossible to understand except in a. very qualitative sense. In light, of the previous suggestions, this reviewer recommends the purchase of this monograph by undergraduate chemistry libraries. Such a purchase would he worthwhile if lecture material for organic major and, in particular, organic courses designed for students entering the hiological sscienoes or other areas were abstracted from it and subsequently, reading assignments were made. DONALD T. WITIAK College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43810
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Journal of Chernicol Education
John Dalton and the Atomic Theory
Elizabeth C. Patterson, Albertus Magnus College, New Haven, Connecticut. Doubleday and Ca., Inc., Garden City, 348 pp. 15 X New York, 1970. X 22 cm. Hardbound, $6.95; softbound, $1.95.
book that is deserving of a wide circulation. RALPHE. OESPER University of Cincinnati Cineinnati, Ohio, 46S81
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The 10-page Bibliography of hooks and papers by and about Dalton and his scwmplishments published in English (items in other languages have not been included) give an indication that this is not a. neglected topic. However the author's text reveds clearly that she has resd and digested thii previous literature snd used it well in constructing her very readable and interesting hook. The more than forty illustrations add significantly. Furthemiore the issuance of a cheap paperback edition was a wise move and should aid in bringing this text into many libraries and private collections. If a library is to wntain only one hook on Dalton and his theory the vohtme under review should he chosen; larger wllections should expand their holdings by adding this most recent book. John Ddton (1776-1844) pioneer physicd chemist and meteorologist, who is best known as "the father of the modern atomic theory" was largely self-educated and spent most of his life as a teacher of mathematics and science in small schools or as a private instructor. For many years he faithfully recorded weather data and left approximately 200,000 such measurements. He was interested in the physical behavior of gases and his law of partial pressures is an important wntrihution. He devised a. series of pictographic representations of the various atomic species hut this was soon supplanted by the Berselian system which is still in use. He depmted from the ancient notions by insisting that each atomic species wa? characterized by an "atomic weight" and so quantified reactions. His insistence on the weight aspects brought him into conflict with such men as Davy, Berzelius, Berthollet, and Gay-Lussac, who accepted volnme relat,ionships as of prime importance. Dalton was not a polished speaker, he had a poor pltatform manner but nonetheless was frequently invited to deliver courses of lectures. He published only one book of consequence, namely his "A New Sydem of Chemical Philosophy" (Volume 1, 1808, Volume 2, 1810). Practically all of his worthwhile work had been published by the time he was 35 though he lived to he 68. Like his elder brother Jonathan, Dalton suffered from color blindness, a. defect that is still known as daltonism. Though he certainly would have disapproved, he was given a state funeral, a n d a t least 40,000 viewed his remains, though his eyes had been removed in 8. vain attempt to discover the reason for his colorhlindness. The author is well known in history of science circles. She has published excellent work and is a good teacher. She has taken the existing literature on Dalton as a foundation, and.has added the fruits of her own investigations and after five years of work has produced a
Otto Hahn-Eine
Bilddokumentalion
E m t Bhinger, Heinz Moos Verlt~g, Hartnagelstrasse 11. 8032 Grafeling vor M"nchen, West Germany, 1969. 108 pp. 137 illustrations. 22 X 24 cm. DM 18 (= approx. $5). Otto Hahn (1879-19681, outstanding German nuclear chemist, was best known for his discovery (with the collaboration of F. Strassmann) of the fission of uranium atoms when bomberded with neutrons. He had no part in the subsequent misuse of his fundamental discovery and it was reported, though erroneously, that he had seriously considered wmmitting suicide when informed of the dropping of the atom bombs an Hiroshima. and Nagasaki. Numerous other successes had come to him and he rightfully received many honors including the Nobel and the Enrico Fermi Prizes. He was known throughout the world of the physical sciences; he visited with and corresponded with many of the world's leading scientists. He was trained under Ilutherford, lectured a t Cornell, and risked his position during the Hitler regime through his efforts on behalf of the Jews. He lived to he slmost 90 and was active almost to the end. He was a useful public servant and 8. true friend of mankind. Hahnium has been suggested as the name for element 105. These feats and interests are reflected in and add much to the interest and value of the hook under review here. A review of Hahn's "Scientific Autobiography" (translated and edited by 44, Willy Ley) appeared in THIS JOURNAL, A611 (1967). The. present hook constitutes a. kind of supplement and presents an objective rather than a subjective picture of Hahn and his work. T h e attractiveness of this handsome though inexpensive volume resides in the wealth of its illustrations. Hitherto unpublished photographs of Hahn with prominent scientists, facsimiles of letters, diary pages, telegrams, notebooks, etc., make this hook a joy to look at. These pictures provide an insight into the career and life of this famous man that cennot he gotten otherwise. The author has obviously spent much time in the search for material and the selection of the items from the immense mass of available items could not have been easy. The German text is not difficult to follow. However the pictures are the thing here and should interest even those chemists and physicists who have little command of the German language. Unfortunately there are errors that could have been avoided hv more
collections. RALPHE. OESPER University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 45819 (Continued on page A 180)
book reviews H. A f . Ra~icn. "Heidelherger Tawhenbucher, Band 53." Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, 1969. viii X 123 pp. $2.4.5. This hook (in German) contains approximately 1OOO "practice questions," and aordd he suitRble as a review for a graduate dodent ~ r e ~ x r i nfor g a preliminary examination in biochemistry. Selecfrd questions muld Relve for undergraduates or medical students. Most of the questions take the form of a dialogl~e-i.e., the statement of n qnestion, and then x comment on the presumed answer, or, in some cases, a hint. I n this way, the questions serve to cause the st~tdentto think more deeply, or to search for additional information. This is not R. hook for n quick review; i t takes time to rend the questions, and m w h mmo ttme to reflect on them, hot in the opinion of this reviewer it is certainly worth-while to do so. The int,roduction states that the questions are hased on Karlaon ("Introduction to Modern Biochemistry") and M%hler and Kordes ("Biologied Chemi~tly"),hnt the coverage is much hroader than that, including, among other things, osmotic pressnre, kinetics and catalysis, free energy, and various aspects of physiology. Some of the qnestions are very general (Whnt do yon know ahout osmotic pressnre, end the laws governing it?), and some are very specific (Give three color reactions of tryptophan). I n general, however, the coverage is broader hut less detailed than that found in such assemblages of questions as Moshach's "Biorhemistry Review." All of the important topics in biochemistry seem to be covered; indeed, there is considerable dnplicat,ion and overlap of the questions. The reviewer recommends that the teacher select those questions which he deems worthy of emphasis, rather than m~igningthe hook as a whole. The seri011s student, however, may regard i t as a challenge to know all the answers. One further possihle use of the book might he a? x somee of examination questions, or of inspiration for examination questions. Chemie fiir ~ediziner-~bungrfragen
H. M . R a u m "Heidelherger Taschenhiicher, Band 32.'' Springer-Verlag, 64 pp. Inc., New York, 1969. viii $1.95.
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This is a companion volume to the "BiachemistrJ~-Pmctice Questions" reviewed ahove. I t covers the entire range of chemistry-inorganic, organic, physical, and analytical, with additional questions on chemical procedures and chemical apparatus. To an American reviewer with experience in medical schools, the hook seems wrongly titled; one hardly ever enconnlers a medical stndent with anything like the knowledge of chemistry required t,o answer all of these questions, or even most of them. The hook would, however, con-
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lournol o f Chemical Education
stitnte an excellent way of preparing for a senior comprehensive examination for the chemistry major, i t heing understood that the general questions "cover the waterfront," hut that the specific questions me only illustrative (dt.lthoughthe student should he able to answer almost all of them). This hook, too, might serve the teacher hoth as a source of examinabion questions, and also as n check list of both the materials and the concepts which he should he teaching.
St. Lawrence Universit?~ Canton, N . Y . Sinnbild der Chemie
Herbert 1V. Franke. Bitsilius Presse. Basel, 1966. 148 pp. Figs. and plates: 58Sfr. ($13.50). This volume may prove oseful for its 69 magnificent plates of models of molecules and crystrtls, all full or half-page, and many of them in color. Although the text ia in German, captions of the plates and fignres are given in English and Preneh a s well. The fact that the extended descriptions of the plates are collected a t the hack of the hook is an inconvenience. Whnt is worse is that the descriptions are not as informative as they should he; someone familiar with the subject would probnhly be required to describe the salient featut'es to a uovice. However, the hook does constitute a handy collection of pictures, and the plates are beautifully printed. There are also some 30 pages of text on the structure of atoms and molecules, covering both methods of determining structure, and the methods of representing structure which are exemplified in the plates. The coverage is hoth experimental and philosophicd, and includes the historical development of the field. Again, the text would hardly serve to introduce the subject to a beginner, hut, it does oonstitote an interesting refresher course for one who has already studied the material.
PETEROP:SPRR St. Lawrence University Canton, Arm York
demonstration aspects of inorganic, an* lytical! physical, and organic chemistry. Each ~llustretiveand typical experiment will be accompanied by a concise and well thought out statement of the principles underlying the experiments that have been selected with the benefit, of trials and experiences. The subject matter will deal with chemistry as taught at, the high school and junior college levels though much of the material is fitting for same senior college and perhaps grad~uatework, where chemistq enters the picbnre a%a minor subject. An estimate of the time required for each exercise is a handy featwe and the line diagrams lure most nsefol. Ample references to the literature are given, though a3 might he expected Qerman murces predominate. The experiments are graded ss to difficulty and range from fairly simple to rather sophisticated procedures. Some are designed for individunl work, others for groups of varying sizes, and experiments suitable for demonstrntion purposes to lecture classes are also included. Many of the exercises are qnant,it,ative and the sample cdculntions serve to illustrate the proper modes of keeping a laboratory notebook. Volume I deals with general laws, water, air. and the snlfor emon: Volume I1 continues with the
