The Journal of
Physical Chemistry
0 Copyright, 1991, by the American Chemical Society
VOLUME 95, NUMBER 7 APRIL 4,1991
Biography of George C. Pimentel George Pimentel devoted his unbounded energy and passion to science, to his students and colleagues, to his family, and to an occasional ball game. George was born 2 May 1922 in California’s Central Valley. He grew up in a poor section of Los Angeles, attended public schools, and earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1943. Following a short stint at Berkeley working on the Manhattan Project, George trained for submarine duty in the Navy. At the close of the war he participated in the formation of the Office of Naval Research and in early consideration of nuclear-powered ships. In 1946 George returned to Berkeley to do graduate work with Kenneth Pitzer on infrared spectroscopy. Three years later he had earned his Ph.D. in chemistry and joined the faculty. During his career George developed methods of vibrational spectroscopy to study molecular bonding and chemical reactivity, to produce the first chemical lasers, and to explore the planet Mars. George attacked the important problems. During the 1950s he developed the matrix-isolation technique to trap free radicals and other reactive species that play a central role in chemical reactions. A solid matrix of inert gas molecules, cooled to the temperatureof liquid hydrogen, prevented a free radical embedded inside it from reacting, thus allowing leisurely spectroscopic study of the radical. This method was used first to record spectra of molecular species involving the hydrogen-bonding interaction, which is central to molecular biology. With Aubrey McClellan, George wrote The Hydrogen Bond (1960), the classic book on hydrogen bonding that guided the field for many years. The matrix technique was employed to investigate the HCO free radical, an important intermediate in combustion processes, and later to study rare gas compounds like KrF2,which was discovered in George’s laboratory. Many other interesting new chemical species were produced for infrared spectroscopic characterization using photochemical, metal reaction, and microwave discharge techniques. Matrix-isolation spectroscopy is now employed routinely in chemical laboratoriesaround the world for a wide range of analytical, synthetic, and physical chemical studies. George opened the field of infrared photochemistry in 1960 by showing that cis trans isomerization could be caused by excitation of specificvibrational transitions of cis-HONO in a matrix. This was the first chemical transformation induced by infrared photons. Later, a similar study was conducted on the light-induced matrix isomerization of unstable forms of NzO3. The much-sought mode-selective excitation of bimolecular chemical reactions has proven to be elusive under normal reaction conditions. George
-
recognized the possibility that cryogenic matrix conditions might provide an environment in which this exciting goal could be demonstrated. A number of bimolecular reactions have now been studied in solid inert gas matrices with tuned-laser, hence vibrationally selective, excitation of one of the reactants. Distinct evidence for mode-specific influence on the quantum yield has been found for reactions such as F2 CgH4. In the mid- 1960s George’s studies of fast reactions unlocked the secret to converting chemical energy directly into laser light. Whiie searching for the CF3spectrum he and Jerry Kasper first discovered the iodine-atom photodissociation laser, CF31 hv CF3 I(zP1,2),which lased on the 2P1/2 2P3/2transition. Atomic iodine became a spectacular laser system that was developed into a candidate laser fusion source in its pulsed mode. Atomic iodine has also been scaled into a high-energy laser, with powers in excess of 100 kW,in its continuous wave (CW) mode in which atomic iodine is pumped into its upper spin-orbit fine structure level by energy transfer from singlet oxygen. During the period 1964-1970, many other types of chemical lasers were discovered in George Pimentel’s laboratory: the hydrogen/chlorine (H2/CI2) chain-reaction chemical laser:
+
-
+
+
-
C12 + hv ---* 2C1 C1+ H2 H
+ C12
+
+H HCl’(~l6)+ C1 +
HCI
the atomic fluorine/molecular hydrogen (F/H,) bimolecular reaction chemical laser:
+ UFS HF’(ul3) + H
UF6 + h~
F + H2 H
+ F2
+
+
F
-.
H F t ( ~ 5 6 )+ F
the l , l , 1-trifluoroethane (CF3CH3) unimolecular reaction chemical laser: CF31 + hu CH31 + hu CF3 + CH3
+
CF3CHJ
-
+
CF3 + I CH3 + I
HFt(uS3)
0022-365419112095-2601$02.50/0 0 1991 American Chemical Society
+ CF24H2
2608 The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991 the 1,l-difluoroethylene (CF2=CH2) photochemical laser: CF2=CH2
+ hv
.-*
HP(ul4) + F m H
All of these molecular chemical lasers operate in the infrared spectral region on vibration-rotation transitions of vibrationally excited (t) hydrogen halides (and corresponding deuterium halides) “born” in excited states by the process of breaking and making chemical bonds. The diversity of reaction types used to produce chemical laser action was due to George’s creativity and to his ability to stimulate creative efforts by his students and postdoctoral fellows. George and his students also greatly enjoyed developing techniques to measure the energy contents of chemical laser species quantitativelyand to understand the intimate details of chemical reaction dynamics that generate characteristic energy distributions in chemical reaction products. During the period 1970-1990, George Pimentel and his group extended chemical laser studies to include operation on overtone (Ao = 2) vibrational transitions, on pure rotational transitions, and on many other products of chemical reactions. Nearly a hundred elementary chemical reactions that yielded chemical lasers were studied in George’s laboratory. In addition to the impact of the fundamental work on chemical reaction (and relaxation) dynamics that chemical lasers provided, chemical lasers have proven to be useful sources for applications in defense and medicine. The HF and DF chemical lasers have been engineered into the world‘s most powerful high-energy lasers, with megawattclass CW powers. Pulsed H F chemical lasers have also proven to be highly useful for controlled microsurgical removal of tissue. George wanted to know whether there was life on Mars, and so with Ken Herr he persuaded NASA to put one of his rapid-scan infrared spectrometerson a Mariner spacecraft to determine the chemical constituents of the Martian surface. His instrument was novel and clever, built from scratch on the Berkeley campus to NASA space-flight standard. No evidence for biological material was observed, but much was learned about the planet’s surface and atmosphere. George was chosen as a member of the first group of scientist-astronauts, but he withdrew when he learned that he would probably never get into space. In addition to his legacy of research articles and textbooks, George Pimentel bequeathed his style of doing and enjoying chemistry to thousands of students and colleagues. He was a perfect friend, mentor, and role model. He excelled at selecting and achieving important goals and at motivating his mworkers
to do significant work. George Pimentel was strongly intuitive in his research approach and was a great believer in the ability of the individual m a r c h e r to devise and perform key experiments needed to advance knowledge markedly. George was fond of pointing out that chemistry is an experimental science and he directed his talents toward conceiving and executing superb experiments that were often the first of their kind. Discoveries and first-generation work were George’s natural domain. George was a national leader in science and science policy. He served as deputy director of the National Science Foundation from 1977 to 1980 and as president of the American Chemical Society in 1986. He organized and edited the National Academy of Sciences report Opportunities in Chemistry, often called the “Pimentel Report”, which was published in 1985 and later revised and released for use in high schools under the title Opportunities in Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow. In George’s final lecture, his Priestley Medal Address, he urged members of the scientific community to mount ya massive and ongoing campaign of public education”, so that our society can sensibly weigh the risks and benefits of science and technology. George loved to teach. He brought the significance of chemistry and the excitement of research to Berkeley freshmen, to his research students and collaborators, to national leaders, and, through the CHEM study program, to secondary school teachers and students. He helped each of his research students attain a level of achievement well beyond reasonable expectations. Whether he was in the halls of Congress, in the classroom, or eating a peanut butter sandwich, George’s clear logic, his openness and candor, and his concern for others always won his audience. George Pimentel did everything with tremendous vigor, intensity, commitment, and, above all, desire to succeed. Squash partners and opposing softball teams quickly found this out. George’s idea of relaxation was winning a ball game, mixing concrete, or having a hundred friends over for a party. George Pimentel chose his own epitaph, which is more than an epitaph; it is a description of the man. He went to the ballpark euery day And he let them know he came to play W. Lester S. Andrews Bruce S.Ault Michael J. Berry C. Bradley Moore
2609
J . Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 2609-2615
Research Collaborators of George C. Pimentel Doctoral Students in Chemistry 1953 1954 1955 1957 1958
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
1950 1954 1957 I960 1961 1962
1963 I966 I967
1951 1966
1967
Henry J. Hrostowski Willis B. Person William Klemperer Edwin D. Becker, Jr. David A. Dows Charles M. Huggins John L. Roebber Harmon W. Brown Tatsuo Miazawa Dolphus Edward Milligan Mathias Van Thiel John D. Baldeschwieler Theodore Goldfarb George E. Ewing Charles David Bass Ivan Hailer James F. Hanlan Richard T. Hall C. Bradley Moore Kenneth C. Herr Bruce R. Cairns Jerome V. V. Kasper Richard D. Spratley William Lester S.Andrews
Aubrey McClellan Eric Whittle Sydney Leach Mike Bulanin Warren E. Thompson Reinhardt Zimmerman Brian Brocklehurst Jerry Current Stuart Charles George E. Leroi James J. Turner Kjell Rosengren Reed J. Jensen
I. Clarence Hisatsune William A. Haseltine Christopher William Klein Michael W. Schuyler Donald Stone Ed Valenzuela
I966
I967 I968 1969
1970 1971 1973 1974 I975 I976
Gary A. Carlson Joseph W. Nibler Mark M. Rochkind James S.Shirk Paul H. Corneil Leonard Nelson Paul N. Noble Marcia Claire Dodge Allen Seymour LeFohn John H. Parker Luisa Tan Michael J. Berry Vladimir E. Bondybey Thomas D. Padrick Bruce S.Ault Robert Coombe Mario J. Molina Louis J. Allamandola John M. McAfee Enrique Cuellr-Ferreira Jessie Joanne Moore Herr James V. Beitz Florentine Krause
1976 1977 1978 1979 1986) I982 1983 1985 1987 1988 1989 I990 1991
Postdoctoral Fellows 1967 Karl Kompa Fred Stitt Bill Alcock 1968 Teiichiro Ogawa 1969 Dieter Horn 1970 F.M.G. Tablas Steven N. Suchard 1971 Eduardo Varetti 1972 Eduardo Starico Arthur M. Winer 1973 Curt Wittig Eric Weitz I974 Terry T. Schaeffer I975
1969
1970 1974
Other Students Robert E. Challey Julianne Catherine Elward-Berry Paul B. Forney Donald F. Heller May Huang Craig C. Jensen Eleanor Steinback
1978 I979 1982 1984 1985 I987 I988 I989
1975 1988 I989
0022-3654/91/2095-2609$02.50/0 0 1991 American Chemical Society
Ole D. Krogh Andrzej W. Miziolek Philip R. Poole Donald Lucas Frank T. Prochaska James P. Reilly Randolph Long Yuan-Pern Lee Geraldine Lee Richmond Eric Randall Sirkin Robert A. Stachnik Arne K. Knudsen Harry Cartland Alvin Kennedy Samuel A. Abrash Vicki H. Grassian Karen A. Singmaster Carolyn F. Hoener Roberta Nancy Mulford Mark A. Young Meredith Morgan Sandra Laursen Brent Wurfel James Harrison
Leif Fredin Heinz Frei Susan Collins Xue-Feng Yang Otto Schrems Pi-Tai Chou Keith Consani Geir Braathen Donald Fitzmaurice Vicki H. Grassian Edward Orton Bruce H. Weiller Mark A. Young
Brian Hoyt Nordstrom Patricia A. Casey Brent S.Andrew Derek Armentraut Bill Chapman Nick Pugliano
2610 The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991
Publlcatlor#r of George C. Plmentel Books Selected Values of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrcxarbonr and Related Compounds, by F. D. Rossini, K. S. Pitzer, R. L. Amett, R. M. Braun, and G. C. Pimentel. Carnegie Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 1953. Introductory Quantitative Chemistry, by A. R. Olson, C. W. Koch, and G. C. Pimentel. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA, 1956. The Hydrogen Bond, by G. C. Pimentel and A. L. McClellan. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CAI 1960. Radical Formation and Trapping in the Solid Phase. Chapter 4 in Formation and Trapping of Free Radicals, edited by A. M. Bass and H. P. Broida. Academic Press,New York 1960. Chemistry-An Experimental Science, written under grant from the National Science Foundation to the Chemical Education Material Study; edited by G. C. Pimentel. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA, 1960. Understanding Chemical Thermodynamics, by G. C. Pimentel and R. D. Spratley. Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1969. Chemical Bonding Clarified through Quantum Mechanics, by G. C. Pimentel and R. D. Spratley. Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1969. Understanding Chemistry, by G. C. Pimentel and R. D. Spratley. Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1971. Halocarbons: Effects on Stratospheric Ozone, edited by H. Gutowski. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC,1976. Opportunities in Chemistry. A report by the National Research Council’s Committee to Survey Opportunities in the Chemical Sciences, George C. Pimentel, Chairman. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1985. Opportunities in Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow, by G. C. Pimentel and Janice H. Coonrod. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1987.
Articles 1.
2.
3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
R. E.Connick, J. Gofman, and G . C. Pimentel. Process for Separating and Recovering Constituents of NeutronIrradiated Uranium. Application, Aug. 21, 1944. U S . Patent Office No. 2,912,302. Nov. 10, 1959. The Solubility of Uranyl Oxalate and the Existence of U n d d a t e d Uranyl Oxalate in Solution. Nuclear Science Abstract No. 1368, ACED 2323, Sept. 8, 1945 (with F. R. Stevenson). G. C. Pimentel and R. K. Sheline. The Fermi Gas Model Applied to the Thermal Electromotive Forces of Tin, Lead and Indium. J . Chem. Phys. 17, 644 (1949). G. C. Pimentel and K. S.Pitzer. The Ultraviolet Absorption and Luminescence of Decaborane. J. Chem. Phys. 17,882 (1949). A. L. McClellan and G. C. Pimentel. A Simplified Percent Transmission Computer. Reu. Sci. Instrum. 21, 1023 (1950). G. C. Pimentel. The Bonding of Trihalide and Bifluoride Ions by the Molecular Orbital Method. J . Chem. Phys. 19, 446 (1951). G. C. Pimentel, G. Jura, and L. Grotz. Infrared Spectra of Mesitylene Complexes. J. Chem. Phys. 19,513 (1951). H. J. Hrostowski and G. C. Pimentel. Interpretation of the Infrared and Raman Spectra of Mixed Crystals. J . Chem. Phys. 19, 661 (1951). G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Studies of Mixed Crystals: Naphthalene in Anthracene. J. Chem. Phys. 19, 1536 (1951). G. C. Pimentel and A. L. McClellan. The Infrared Spectra of Naphthalene Crystals, Vapor and Solutions. J. Chem. Phys. 20, 270 (1952). H. J. Hrostowski, R. J. Myers, and G. C. Pimentel. The Microwave Spectra and Dipole Moment of Stable Penta-
borane. J. Chem. Phys. 20, 518, (1952). W. B. Person, G. C. Pimentel, and K. S. Pitzer. The Structure of Cycloijctatetraene. J. Am. Chem. SOC.74, 3437 (1952). 13. W. B. Person and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Studies of Mixed Crystals: Naphthaleneds in Naphthalene. J. Chem. Phys. 20, 1913 (1952). 14. W. B. Person and G. C. Pimentel. Thermodynamic Properties and the Characteristic CH2 Frequencies of nParaffins. J . Am. Chem. SOC.75, 532 (1953). 15. G. C. Pimentel, and C. W. Garland, and G. Jura. Infrared Spectra of Heavy Water Adsorbed on Silica Gel. J. Am. Chem. SOC. 75,803 (1953). 16. H.J. Hrostowski and G. C. Pimentd. The Thermodynamic Properties of the Three Modylcyclopentcnes and Nine 75, 539 Dimethyl-cyclopentenes. J. Am. Chem. SOC. (1953). 17. H. J. Hrostowski and G. C. Pimentel. The Infrared Spectra of Stable Pentaborane and Deuterated Pentaborane. J. Am. 76, 998 (1954). Chem. SOC. 18. W. Haller, G. Jura, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Studies of Solutions Involving Aromatics and Halogens. J. Chem. Phys. 22, 720 (1954). 19. W. Klemperer and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Bonding in Sodium Trifluoroacetate-TrifluoroaceticAcid Compounds. J. Chem. Phys. 22, 1399 (1954). 20. W.Klemperer, M. W. Cronyn, A. H. Maki, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Studies of the Association of Secondary Amides in Various Solvents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76,5846 ( 1954). 21. W. B. Person, G. C. Pimentel, and 0. Schnepp. Infrared Studies of Naphthalene and Naphthalene-d8. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 230 (1955). 22. G. C. Pimentel, A. L. McClellan, W. B. Person, and 0. Schnepp. Interpretation of the Infrared Spectrum of a Molecular Crystal: Naphthalene. J. Chem. Phys. 23,234 (1955). 23. A. L. McClellan and G. C. Pimentel. The Vibrational Assignment and Thermodynamic Properties of Naphthalene. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 245 (1955). 24. D. A. DOWS,E. Whittle, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Emission and Absorption in an Ammonia-Oxygen Diffusion Flame. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 499 (1955). 25. G. C. Pimentel and W. Klemperer. Infrared Spectrum of Solid n-Octane-1,1,1,8,8,8-d6.J. Chem. Phys. 23, 376 (1955). 26. C. M. Huggins and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Intensity of the C-D Stretch of Chloroform-d3 in Various Solvents. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 896 (1955). 27. E. Whittle, D. A. Dows, and G. C. Pimentel. The Matrix Isolation Method for the Experimental Study of Unstable Species. J. Chern. Phys. 22, 1943 (1954). 28. C. M. Huggins, G. C. Pimentel, and J. N. Shoolery. Proton Magnetic Resonance Studies of Chloroform in Solution: Evidence for Hydrogen Bonding. J . Chem. Phys. 23, 1244 (1955). 29. D. A. Dows and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of Gaseous and Solid Hydrazoic Acid and DeutercbHydrazoic Acid: Thc Thermodynamic Properties of HN3. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 1258 (1955). 30. D. A. Dows, E. Whittle, and G. C. Pimentel. The Infrared Spectrum of Solid Ammonium Azide: A Vibrational Assignment. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 1475 (1955). 31. D. A. Dows, G. C. Pimentel, and E. Whittle. Infrared Spectra of Intermediate Species in the Formation of Ammonium Azide from Hydrazoic Acid. J. Chem. Phys. 23, 1606 (1955). 32. W. G. Dauben. G. C. Pimentel, and C. W. Vaughan. The Infrared Intensity of the C-D Stretching Vibration in 12.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991 2611
33. 34. 35.
Deuterobenzene,m-Deuteronitrobenzeneand m-Deuteroaniline. J. Am. Chem. SOC.77, 2836 (1955). G. C. Pimentel and C. H. Sederholm. Correlation of Infrared Stretching Frequencies and Hydrogen Bond Distances in Crystals. J. Chem. Phys. 24, 639 (1956). E. D. Becker and G. C. Pimentel. Spectroscopic Studies of Reactive Mdecules by the Matrix Isolation Method. J. Chem. Phys. 25, 224 (1956). E. D. Becker, G. C. Pimentel, and M. Van Thiel. Matrix Isolation Studies: Infrared Spectra of IntermediateSpecies in the Photolysis of Hydrazoic Acid. J. Chem. Phys. 26,
54.
55. 56.
3754 (1961). 57.
145 (1957). 36.
37.
38.
C. M. Huggins, G. C. Pimentel, and J. N. Shoolery. Proton Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Hydrogen Bonding of Phenol, Substituted Phenols, and Acetic Acid. J. Phys. Chem. 60, 1311 (1956). C. M. Huggins and G. C. Pimentel. Systematics of the Infrared Spectral Properties of Hydrogen Bonding Systems: Frequency Shift, Half-Width, and Intensity. J. Phys. Chem. 60, 1615 (1956). D. E. Milligan, H. W. Brown, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Absorption by the N3 Radical. J. Chem. Phys. 25, 1080 (1956).
39. 40. 41.
G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Bonding and Electronic Transitions: The Role of the Franck-Condon Principle. J . Am. Chem. SOC.79, 3323 (1957). M. Van Thiel, E. D. Becker, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Studies of Hydrogen Bonding of Methanol by the Matrix Isolation Technique. J . Chem. Phys. 27, 95 (1957). J. L. Roebber, G. K. Rollefson, and G. C. Pimentel. High Intensity Photolysis of Acetone. J . Am. Chem. SOC.80,
58.
43.
44. 45.
M. Van Thiel, E. D. Becker, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Studies of Hydrogen Bonding of Water by the Matrix Isolation Technique. J . Chem. Phys. 27, 486 (1957). G. C. Pimentel. Reaction Kinetics by the Matrix Isolation Method: Diffusion in Argon; cis-trans Isomerization of Nitrous Acid. J. Am. Chem. SOC.80, 62 (1958). G. C. Pimentel. The Promise and Problems of the Matrix Isolation Method for Spectroscopic Studies. Spectrochim. Acta 12, 94 (1958). H. W. Brown and G. C. Pimentel. The Photolysis of Nitromethane and of Methyl Nitrile in an Argon Matrix; Infrared Detection of Nitroxyl, HNO. J. Chem. Phys. 29, 883 (1958).
46.
D. E. Milligan and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Isolation Studies: Possible Infrared Spectra of Isomeric Forms of Diazomethane and of Methylene, CH2. J. Chem. Phys.
47.
G. C. Pimentel and F. R. Stevenson. Solubility of Uranyl Oxalate and the Existence of Undissociated Uranyl Oxalate in Solution. In Chemistry of Uranium, edited by Katz and Rabinowitch; U S . Atomic Energy Commission, Technical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge, TN, 1958; Voi. 1, p 218. M. Van Thiel and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Isolation Studies: Infrared Spectra of Intermediate Species in the Photolysis of Hydrazoic Acid. 11. J. Chem. Phys. 32, 133 (1960). G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectroscopy: A Chemist's Tool. J. Chem. Educ. 37, 651 (1960). T. D. Goldfarb and G. C. Pimentel. SpectroscopicStudy of the Photolysis of Diazomethane in Solid Nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. SOC.82, 1865 (1960). G. E. Ewing, W. E.Thompson, and G. C. Pimentel. The Infrared Detection of the Formyl Radical HCO. J. Chem. Phys. 32, 927 (1960). W. E. Thompson and G. C. Pimentel. The First Overtone of the Hydrogen Bending Mode of Chloroform: Enhancement by Hydrogen Bonding. Z.Elektrochem. 64,
29, 1405 (1958).
48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
53.
G. C. Pimentel, M. 0. Bulanin, M. Van Thiel. Infrared Spectra of Ammonia Suspended in Solid Nitrogen. J. Chem. Phys. 36, 500 (1 962). G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Technique and Its Application in the Field of Chemical Physics. Pure Appl. Chem. 4, 61 (1962).
59. 60.
B. Brocklehurst and G. C. Pimentel. Thermoluminescence of Solid Nitrogen after Electron Bombardment at 4.2'K. J. Chem. Phys. 36, 2040 (1962). I. Haller and G. C. Pimentel. Reaction of Oxygen Atoms with Acetylene to Form Ketene. J. Am. Chem. SOC.84, 2855 (1962).
61.
62. 63.
255 (1958). 42.
.I. D. Baldeschwieler and G. C. Pimentel. Light-Induced cis-trans Isomerization of Nitrous Acid Formed by Photolysis of Hydrazoic Acid and Oxygen in Solid Nitrogen. J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1008 (1960). G. E. Ewing and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum of Solid Carbon Monoxide. J. Chem. Phys. 35,925 (1961). C. D. Bass and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Abstraction from Hydrocarbons by Methyl Radicals from the Photolysis of Methyl Iodide in Solid Nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83,
64. 65. 66. 67. 68.
69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.
748 (1960).
77.
T. D. Goldfarb and G. C. Pimentel. Chemiluminescence of Ethylene Formed Probably from Methylene in an Inert Matrix. J. Chem. Phys. 33, 105 (1960).
78.
R. Zimmerman and G. C. Pimentel. The Infrared Spectrum of Ice, Temperature Dependence of the Hydrogen Bond Potential Function. In Advances in Molecular Spectroscopy; Pergamon Press, London, 1962. D. E. Milligan, M. E. Jacox, S. W. Charles, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared SpectroscopicStudy of the Photolysis of HN3 in Solid C02. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2302 (1962). G. C. Pimentel and R. D. Spratley. The Bonding in the Inert Gas-Halogen Compounds--The Likely Existence of Helium Difluoride. J . Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 826 (1963). R. T. Hall and G. C. Pimentel. Isomerization of Nitrous Acid: An Infrared Photochemical Reaction. J. Chem. Phys. 38, 1889 (1963). J. J. Turner and G. C. Pimentel. Krypton Fluoride: Preparation by the Matrix Isolation Technique. Science 140, 974 (1963). C. B. Moore and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum and Vibrational Potential Function of Ketene and the Deuterated Ketenes. J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2816 (1963). G. C. Pimentel and S. W. Charles. Infrared Spectral Perturbations in Matrix Experiments. Pure Appl. Chem. 7, 111 (1963). J. J. Turner and G. C. Pimentel. Preparation of Inert-Gas Compounds by Matrix Isolation: Krypton Difluoride. In Noble-Gas Compounds, edited by Hyman; University of Chicago Press, 1963. L. E. Strong and G. C. Pimentel. Greetings from CBA and CHEM Study. Chemistry 37, 24 (1964). G. C. Pimentel, R. D. Spratley, and A. R. Miller. Helium Difluoride: Possible Preparative Techniques Based on Nuclear Transmutations. Science 143, 674 (1964). C. B. Moore and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of Gaseous Diazomethane. J. Chem. Phys. 40, 329 (1964). C. B. Moore and G. C. Pimentel. Solid Infrared Spectra, Assignment and Vibrational Potential Function of Diazomethane. J. Chem. Phys. 40, 342 (1964). C. B. Moore and G. C. Pimentel. Out-of-Plane CH2 Bending Potential Functions of Diazomethane, Ketene, and Related Molecules. J . Chem. Phys. 40, 1529 (1964). G. E. Leroi, G. E. Ewing, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of Carbon Monoxide in an'Argon Matrix. J. Chem. Phys. 40, 2298 (1964). J. V. V. Kasper and G. C. Pimentel. Atomic Iodine Photodissociation Laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 5, 231 (1964). C. B. Moore and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Reaction of Methylene with Nitrogen to Form Diazomethane. J. Chem. Phys. 41, 3504 (1964). K. C. Herr and G. C. Pimentel. A Rapid-Scan Infrared Spectrometer; Flash Photolytic Detection of Chloroformic Acid and of CF2. Appl. Opt. 4, 25 (1965). J. S. Shirk, W. A. Haseltine, and G. C. Pimentel. Sinton
2612 The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991
79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97.
98.
99. 100.
101. 102. 103.
Bands: Evidence for Deuterated Water on Mars. Science 147,48 (1965). G. C. Pimentel and K. C. Herr. The Infrared Detection of Free Radicals Using Flash Photolysis Methods. J. Chim. Phys. 61,1509 (1965). G. C. Pimentel. Exams: The College Boards in Chemistry. Science 147,8 (1 965). M. M. Rochkind and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum and Vibrational Assignment for Chlorine Monoxide, C120. . I . Chem. Phys. 42, 1361 (1965). J. V. V. Kasper and G. C. Pimentel. HCI Chemical Laser. Phys. Reu. left. 14, 352 (1965). J. W. Nibler and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum and Vibrational Potential Function of Amide Ion. Spectrochim. Acta 21, 877 (1965). Kj. Rosengren and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Detection of Diimide, N2H2,and Imidogen, NH, by the Matrix Isolation Method. J . Chem. Phys. 43,507 (1965). C. B. Moore, G. C. Pimentel, and T. D. Goldfarb. Matrix Photolysis Products of Diazomethane: Methyleneimine and Hydrogen Cyanide. J. Chem. Phys. 43, 63 (1965). J. V. V. Kasper, J. H. Parker, and G. C. Pimentel. Iodine-Atom Laser Emission in Alkyl Iodide Photolysis. J . Chem. Phys. 43, 1827 (1965). B. R. Cairns and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of Solid a- and &Oxygen. J. Chem. Phys. 43, 3432 (1965). G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Detection of Reactive Species Produced through Flash Photolysis. Pure Appl. Chem. 11, 563 (1965). W. L.S.Andrews and G. C. Pimental. Infrared Spectrum, Structure and Bonding of Lithium Nitroxide, LION. J . Chem. Phys. 44,2361 (1966). R. D. Spratley and G. C. Pimentel. The [p#] u and [ s - r * ] s Bonds: FNO and OZS2.J. Am. Chem. SOC.88, 2394 (1966). R. D. Spratley, J. J. Turner, and G. C. Pimentel. Dioxygen Monofluoride: Infrared Spectrum, Vibrational Potential Function and Bonding. J. Chem. Phys. 44,2063 (1966). G. C. Pimentel, S.W. Charles, and Kj. Rosengren. Hydrogen Bonding of Hydrazoic Acid in Solid Nitrogen. J. Chem. Phys. 44,3029 (1966). W. L.S.Andrews and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Detection of Methyl Radical in Solid Argon. J. Chem. Phys. 44,2527 (1966). P. N. Noble and G. C. Pimentel. Confirmation of the Identification of Dioxygen Monofluoride. J. Chem. Phys. 44,3641 (1966). G. A. Carlson and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Detection of Gaseous Trifluoromethyl Radical. J. Chem. Phys. 44,4053 (1 966). G. C. Pimentel. Chemical Lasers. Sci. Am. 214, no. 4, 32, (April 1966). Exotic Biochemistries in Exobiology. Chapter 12 in Biology and the Exploration of Mars; National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publication No. 1296, Washington, DC,1966 (with K.C. Atwood, H. Gaffron, H. K. Hartline, T. H. Jukes, E. C. Pollard, and C. Sagan). K. C. Herr, G. A. Carlson, and G. C. Pimentel. Investigations of Free Radical Reactions with Rapid-Scan Infrared Spectroscopy: Flash Noise as a Limiting Factor. Kagaku no Ryoiki 21, 12 (1967). R.J. Jensen and G. C. Pimentel. Kinetics of Decomposition of Chloroformic Acid by Rapid-Scan Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. 71, 1803 (1967). M. hi. Rochkind and G. C. Pimentel. Photolysis of Matrix-Isolated Dichlorine Monoxide: Infrared Spectra of ClClO and (C10)2.J . Chem. Phys. 46,4481 (1967). J. W.Nibler and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of Cesium Bihalide Salts. J. Chem. Phys. 47,710 (1967). K. L. Kompa and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrofluoric Acid Chemical Laser. J. Chem. Phys. 47, 857 (1967). W. L. S.Andrews and G. C. Pimentel. Visible Spectra of
Lithium in Inert Gas Matrices. J. Chem. Phys. 47,2905 ( 1967). 104. W. L. S.Andrews and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum of Methyl Radical in Solid Argon. J. Chem. Phys. 47,3637 (1967). 105. L. Y.Nelson and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Detection of Xenon Dichloride. Inorg. Chem. 6,1758 (1967). 06. J. W.Nibler and G. C. Pimentel. Force Constant Displays of Unsymmetric Molecular Isotopes of H20, H2S, H2Se and HCCH. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 26, 294 (1968). 07. W. G. Alcock and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum of Dichlorine Dioxide, (C10)2. J. Chem. Phys. 48, 2373 (1968). 08. L. Y.Nelson and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Detection of the Trichloride Radical, C13. J. Chem. Phys. 47, 3671 (1967). 09. G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Study of Transient Molecules in Chemical Lasers. Pure Appl. Chem. 18,275 (1969). 10. P. N. Noble and G. C. Pimentel. Hypofluorous Acid: Infrared Spectrum and Vibrational Potential Function. Spectrochim. Acta MA,797 (1968). 11. J. S.Shirk and G. C. Pimentel. Potential Functions and the Bonding in the XCO Free Radicals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 3349 (1968). 12. L. Y.Tan and G. C. Pimentel. Methyl Alkali Halides: A New Molecular Type; Infrared Spectra by the Matrix Isolation Technique. J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5205 (1968). 13. P. H. Corneil and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen-Chlorine Explosion Laser. 11. DCI. J. Chem. Phys. 49,1379(1968). 14. J. H. Parker and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Fluoride Chemical Laser Emission through Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from Hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Phys. 48,5273 (1968). 15. P.N. Noble and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Dichloride Radical: Infrared Detection through the Matrix Isolation Technique. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 3165 (1968). 116. L. Y.Nelson and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of ChlorineBrominePolyhalogens by Matrix Isolation. Inorg. Chem. 7, 1695 (1968). 117. K. L. Kompa, J. H. Parker, and G. C. Pimentel. UF6-H2 Hydrogen Fluoride Chemical Laser: Operation and Chemistry. J. Chem. Phys. 49,4257 (1968). 118. G. C. Pimentel. Rapid Advances in Rapid-Scan Spectroscopy. Appl. Opt. 7, 2155 (1968). 119. M. J. Berry and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Fluoride Elimination Chemical Laser. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 5190 (1968). 120. Chemistry. In Grolier, Inc. Encyclopedia Year Book, 1969. 121. J. H. Parker and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Energy Distribution through Chemical Laser Studies. I. Fluorine Atoms plus Hydrogen or Methane. J . Chem. Phys. 51,91 (1969). 122. M. J. Berry and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Halide Photoelimination Chemical Lasers. J . Chem. Phys. 51,2274 (1 969). 123. G. C. Pimentel. Der Chemische Laser. Laser Angew. Strahlentech. 1, 43,(1969). 124. K.C. Herr and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Absorptions near Three Microns Recorded over the Polar Cap of Mars. Science 166,496 (1969). 125. K. C. Herr and G. C. Pimentel. Evidence for Solid Carbon Dioxide in the Upper Atmosphere of Mars. Science 167, 46 (1970). 126. K. C. Herr, D. Horn, J. M. McAfee, and G. C. Pimentel. Martian Topography from the Mariner 6 and 7 Infrared Spectra. Astron. J . 75,883 (1970). 127. T.Ogawa, G. A. Carlson, and G. C. Pimentel. Reaction Rate of TrifluoromethylRadicals by Rapid Scan Infrared Spectroscopy. J . Phys. Chem. 74, 2090 (1970). 128. M. J. Berry and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Energy Distribution in the Dichloroethylene Photoelimination Chemical Lasers. J. Chem. Phys. 53, 3453 (1970).
The Journal of Physical Chemib..y, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991 2613 129. D. W. Ridgway and G. C. Pimentel. CHEM Study-Its Impact and Influence. High School J. 53,216 (Jan 1970). 130. G. C. Pimentel. The Significance of Chemical Lasers in Chemistry. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE6, 174 (1970). 131. G. C. Pimentel. Exploracid Espectrosdpica Infrarroja de Marte por 10s Mariner 6 y 7. Rev. Soc. Qtiim. MZxico 14, 159 (1970). 132. J. H. Parker and G. C. Pimentel. Some New UF,-RH Hydrogen Fluoride Chemical Lasers and a Preliminary Analysis of the Chloroform System. fEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-6, 175 (1970). 133. F. M. Tablas and G. C. Pimentel. The Tandem Chemical Laser as a Tool to Study Vibrational Energy Distribution. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-6, 176 (1970). 134. M. J. Berry and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Halide Elimination and Photoelimination Chemical Lasers and the Dynamics of Unimolecular Reaction. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-6, 176 (1970). 135. T. D. Padrick and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Fluoride Elimination Chemical Laser from N,N-Di-fluoro-methyl-amine. J. Chem. Phys. 54, 720 (1971). 136. V. Bondybey, G. C. Pimentel, and P. N. Noble. Hydrogen Dibromide Radical: Infrared Detection through the Matrix Isolation Technique. J. Chem. Phys. 55, 540 (1971). 137. A. S.Lefohn and G. C. Pimentel. The Infrared Spectrum of Gaseous CF2 Rapid Scan Spectroscopy. J . Chem. Phys. 55, 1213 (1971). 138. J. H. Parker and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Energy Distribution through Chemical Laser Studies. 11. Fluorine Atoms plus Chloroform. J. Chem. Phys. 55,857 (1971). 139. G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Bond. In McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 3rd ed., 1971; pp 619-620. 140. D. Horn and G. C. Pimentel. 2.5 Kilometer Low Temperature Multiple-Reflection Cell. Appl. Opt. 10, 1892 (1971). 141. S.N. Suchard and G. C. Pimentel. A Deuterium Fluoride Vibrational Overtone Chemical Laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 530 (1971). 142. E. Varetti and G. C. Pimentel. Isomeric Forms of Dinitrogen Trioxide in a Nitrogen Matrix. J. Chem. Phys. 55, 3813 (1971). 143. A. L. McClellan and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Bonding. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 22, 347 (1971). 144. 0. D. Krogh and G. C. Pimentel. Chemical Lasers from the Reactions of ClF and ClF3with H2 and CH,; A Possible Chain-Branching Chemical Laser. J. Chem. Phys. 56,969 (1972). 145. K. C. Herr, P. B. Forney, and G. C. Pimentel. Mariner Mars 1969 Infrared Spectrometer. Appl. Opt. 11, 493 (1972). 146. D. Horn, J. McAfee, A. M. Winer, K. C. Herr, and G. C. Pimentel. The Composition of the Martian Atmosphere: Minor Constituents. fcarus 16, 543 (1972). 147. T. D. Padrick and G. C. Pimentel. An Addition-Elimination H F Chemical Laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 167 (1972). 148. M. J. Molina and G. C. Pimentel. Tandem Chemical Laser Measurements of Vibrational Energy Distribution in the Dichloroethylene Photoelimination Reactions. J. Chem. Phys. 56, 3988 (1972). 149. V. Bondybey and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Absorptions of Interstitial Hydrogen Atoms in Solid Argon and Krypton. J. Chem. Phys. 56, 3832 (1972). 150. D. W. Ridgway and G. C. Pimentel. CHEM Study: Knowledge of Chemistry. Sci. Actiuities 40, (November 1972).
151. L. Y: Tan, A. M. Winer, and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum of Gaseous Methyl Radical by Rapid Scan Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 57, 4028 (1972). 152. T. D. Padrick and G. C. Pimentel. Hydrogen Fluoride Elimination Chemical Laser from Deuterated N,N-Difluoromethylamine. J. Phys. Chem. 76, 3125 (1972). 153. M. J. Molina and G. C. Pimentel. Chemical Laser Studies
154. 155.
56. 57. 58. 159.
160. 61. 62. 63. 64. 165.
166.
167. 168. 169.
70. 71.
72. 73.
74. 75.
of Vibrational Energy Distributions: The Equal-Gain and Zero-Gain Temperature techniques. IEEE J . Quantum Electron. QE-9, 64 (1973). B. S.Ault and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectrum of the Water- HydrochloricAcid Complex in Solid Nitrogen. J. Phys. Chem. 77, 57 (1973). G. C. Pimentel. Reply to Comment on ‘Chemical Lasers from the Reactions of ClF and ClF3 with H2 and CH,: a Possible Chain-Branching Laser”. J. Chem. Phys. 58, 1270 (1973). R. D. Coombe and G. C. Pimentel. Temperature Dependence of the Vibrational Energy Distributions in the Reactions F + H2and F + D2. J. Chem. Phys. 59,251 (1973). B. S.Ault and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of the Ammonia- Hydrochloric Acid Complex in Solid Nitrogen. J. Phys. Chem. 77, 1649 (1973). R. D. Coombe and G. C. Pimentel. The Effect of Rotation on the Vibrational Energy Distributions in the Reaction F H2. J. Chem. Phys. 59, 1535 (1973). G. C. Pimentel, P. Forney, and K. Herr. Evidence about Hydrate and Solid Water in the Martian Surface from the 1969 Mariner Infrared Spectrometer. J . Geophys. Res. 79, 1623 (1974). E. L. Varetti and G. C. Pimentel. The Infrared Spectrum of IsN-Labeled Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) in an Oxygen Matrix. Spectrochim. Acta 30A 1069 (1974). E. Cuellar, J. H. Parker, and G. C. Pimentel. Rotational Chemical Lasers from Hydrogen Fluoride Elimination Reactions. J. Chem. Phys. 61,422 (1974). B. S. Ault, E. Steinback, and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Isolation Studies of Hydrogen Bonding. The Vibrational Correlation Diagram. J. Phys. Chem. 79, 615 (1975). B. S.Ault and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Isolation Infrared Studies of Lithium Bonding. J. Phys. Chem. 79, 621 (1975). G. C. Pimentel. Isolation and Reactions of Metal Atoms in Matrices. Angew. Chem. 14, No. 4 (1975). P. R. Poole and G. C. Pimentel. The Temperature Dependence of the H F Vibrational Energy Distribution in the Insertion-EliminationReactions between NH and Fluoromethanes. j . Chem. Phys. 63, 1950 (1975). G. C. Pimentel. Chemical Lasers. In Proceedings of The Robert A. Welch Foundation Conferences on Chemical Research XIX. Photon Chemistry (1975) (Reprint received 1976). J. P. Reilly and G. C. Pimentel. Intracavity Dye Laser Spectroscopy as a Gain Probing Technique. Appl. Opt. 15, 2372 (1976). A. W. Miziolek and G. C. Pimentel. Argon Hydrochloride, ArHCl, Bond Energy by Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 65,4462 (1976). K. L. Kompa and G. C. Pimentel. What is a Chemical Laser? An Introduction. Handbook of Chemical Losers, edited by R. W. F. Gross and J. F. Bott; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1976. G. C. Pimentel. Halocarbons: Effects on Stratospheric Ozone. Panel on Atomospheric Chemistry. National Academy of Sciences, 1976. G. C. Pimentel, F. M. G. Tablas, J. Hartmann, and E. Whittle. Photoelimination of H F by Hexafluoroacetylacetone: A Tandem Laser Study. f n t . J. Chem. Kinet. 8, 877-882 (1976). S.R. Long and G. C. Pimentel. Chemiluminescent Reactions of Sulfur ()P2) Atoms in Cryogenic Matrices: S + O2 SO2 (a 3B,). J. Chem. Phys. 66, 2219 (1977). 0. D. Krogh, D. Stone, and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Populations in the F+H2 Chemical Laser: V+V and V+R, T Transfer Corrections. J . Chem. Phys. 66, 368 (1977). A. Miziolek and G. C. Pimentel. Argon Hydrobromide (Ar.HBr) Bond Energy by Infrared Spectrosoopy. J. Chem. Phys. 66, 3840 (1977). 0. D. Krogh and G. C. Pimentel. CIFx-H2Chemical Lasers
+
-
2614 The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991
176. 177.
178. 179. 180. 181.
182. 183. 184.
185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190.
191. 192. 193. 194.
195. 196. 197. 198.
(x=1,3,5): Vibration-Rotation Emission by HF from States with high Rotational Excitation. J. Cbem. Pbys. 67,2993 (1977). Y. P. Lee and G. C. Pimentel. Chemiluminescence of SO (E'Z+H'A) in Solid Argon. J . Cbem. Pbys. 69, 3063 (1978). J. P.Reilly, J. H. Clark, C. B. Moore, and G. C. Pimentel. HCO Production, Vibrational Relaxation, Chemical Kinetics, and Spectroscopy Following Laser Photolysis of Formaldehyde. J. Cbem. Pbys. 69, 4381 (1978). J. L. Allamandola, D. Lucas, and G. C. Pimentel. Synchronized Flash Photolysis and Pulse Deposition in Matrix Isolation Experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49,913 (1978). Y. P. Lee and G. C. Pimentel. Chemiluminescenceof S2 in Solid Argon. J . Cbem. Pbys. 70, 692 (1979). E. Cuellar and G. C. Pimentel. Rotational Laser Emission by HF in the CIF-Hz Chemical Laser. J . Cbem. Pbys. 71, 1385-1391 (1979). G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Fluorescence (Chapter 4); Techniques for Studying Highly Reactive and Unstable Species (Chapter 8). In Vibrational SpectroscopyModern Trends; edited by A. J. Barnes and W. J. Orville-Thomas; Elsevier, New York, 1977. D. Lucas and C. C. Pimentel. Reaction Between Nitric Oxide and Ozone in Solid Nitrogen. J. Pbys. Cbem. 83, 231 1-2316 (1979). G. C. Pimentel. Chemical Reactions in Cryogenic Solids. Ber. Pbys. Cbem. 82,2 (1978). J. Fournier, J. Deson, C. Vermeil, and G. C. Pimentel. Fluorescence and Thermoluminescenceof N20, CO, and COz in an Argon Matrix at Low Temperature. J. Cbem. Pbys. 70, 5726 (1979). G. C. Pimentel and 0. D. Krogh. Vibrational Emission by HCI from the CIF-H2Chemical Laser. J. Cbem. Pbys. 73, 120-5 (1980). G. C. Pimentel and K. S. Pitzer. Centenary of Joel H. Hildebrand. Science 214, 867 (1981). H. Frei, L. Fredin, and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Excitation of Ozone and Molecular Fluorine Reactions in Cryogenic Matrices. J. Cbem. Pbys. 74, 397 (1981). Y.-P. Lee and G.C. Pimentel. Formic Acid Chemiluminescence from Cryogenic Reaction Between Triplet Methylene and Oxygen. J. Cbem. Pbys. 74,4851 (1981). E. R. Sirkin and G. C. Pimentel. HF Rotational Laser Emission through Photoelimination from Vinyl Fluoride and 1,l-Difluoroethene. J. Cbem. Pbys. 75,604 (1981). H. Frei and G. C. Pimentel. Reaction of Nitric Oxide and Ozone in Cryogenic Matrices: Quantum- Mechanical Tunnelling and Vibrational Enhancement. J. Pbys. Cbem. 85, 3355 (1981). Y.-P. Lee and G. C. Pimentel. Chemiluminescence of Ethylene in an Inert Matrix and the Probable Infrared Spectrum of Methylene. J. Cbem. Pbys. 75,4241 (1981). S. R. Long, Y.-P. Lee, 0. D. Krogh, and G. C. Pimentel. The Chemiluminescent Reactions Ba+N20 and Ba+03 in Solid Argon. J . Cbem. Pbys. 77, 226 (1982). E. R. Sirkin and G. C. Pimentel. H F Rotational Lasers: Enhancement of VR Multiquantum Energy Transfer by CO and CO,. J. Chem. Pbys. 77, 1314 (1982). D. Lucas, L. J. Allamandola, and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectra of Hydrogen Halide and Halogen Complexes with Nitrosyl Halides. Croat. Cbem. Acta 55, 121 (1982). H. Frei and G. C. Pimentel. Selective Vibrational Excitation of the Ethylene-Fluorine Reaction in a Nitrogen Matrix I. J. Cbem. Pbys. 78, 3698 (1983). A. K. Knudsen and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Excitation of the Allene-Fluorine Reactions in Cryogenic Matrices: Possible Mode Selectivity. J. Cbem. Pbys. 78,6780 (1983). S. N. Cesaro, H.Frei, and G. C. Pimentel. Vibrational Excitation of the Reaction between Vinyl Bromide and Fluorine in Solid Argon. J. Pbys. Cbem. 87,2142 (1983). H. Frei and G. C. Pimentel. Selective Vibronic Excitation
199. 200.
201. 202. 203. 204.
205.
206. 207. 208. 209.
210.
211. 212. 213. 214. 215.
216. 217.
218.
219.
of Singlet Oxygen-Furan Reactions in Cryogenic Matrices. J. Cbem. Pbys. 79, 3307 (1983). G. L. Richmond and G. C. Pimentel. HF Rotational Laser Emission from the CIF/Hz Reaction: Time Evolution of the Gain. J. Cbem. Pbys. 80, 1162 (1984). G. C. Pimentel. Report of the Research Briefing Panel on Selected Opportunities in Chemistry. Panel Chairman, G. C. Pimentel; Research Briefings 1983, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. E. R. Sirkin and G. C. Pimentel. Vacuum Ultraviolet Photochemistry of Fluoroethene and 1,l-Difluoroethene. J . Pbys. Cbem. 88, 1833 (1984). R. A. Stachhik and G. C. Pimentel. Multiphoton Excitation of trifluoroethene: Allene Production by Difluorovinylidine. J. Pbys. Cbem. 88,2205 (1984). X.-F. Yang and G. C. Pimentel. H F Multiquantum VTR Relaxation Rates with N2 and CO. J. Cbem. Pbys. 81, 1346 (1984). S. T. Collins and G. C. Pimentel. The Imidogen-Dimethylacetylene Reaction in Ar and Xe Matrices: Possible Matrix-Induced Intersystem Crossing. J . Pbys. Cbem. 88, 4258 (1984). G. C. Pimentel. Two Applications of Lasers: I. Multiphoton Excitation of Chemical Reactions; 11. Mode Specific Excitation of Bimolecular Reactions. In Laser Applications in Chemistry, edited by K. L. Kompa and J. Wanner; Plenum Press, 1984. "Opportunities in Chemistry"; by the National Research Council Committee to Survey the Chemical Sciences. George C. Pimentel, Chairman (1985). H. Frei and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Induced Photochemical Processes in Matrices. Ann. Rev. Pbys. Cbem. 36, 491 (1985). H. E. Cartland and G. C. Pimentel. Photosensitized Reaction of 3P Hg, Cd and Zn Atoms with Difluoro-chloroethene in Krypton Matrix. J. Pbys. Cbem. 90,1822 (1986). H. E. Cartland and G. C. Pimentel. Photosensitized Reaction of Hg (3P) Atoms with the Dichloroethenes in Krypton Matrix: Triplet Surface Chemistry. J. Pbys. Cbem. 90, 5485 (1986). E. Orton, S. T. Collins, and G. C. Pimentel. Molecular Structure of the Nitrile Ylide Derived from 3-Phenyl-2Hazirine in a Nitrogen Matrix. J. Pbys. Cbem. 90, 6139 (1986). K. Consani and G. C. Pimentel. Infrared Spectra of the Clathrate Hydratesof Acetylene and of Acetylene/Acetone. J. Pbys. Cbem. 91, 389 (1987). V. H. Grassian and G. C. Pimentel. The Structures of Cisand Trans-Dichloroethenes Adsorbed on Pt(II1). J. Cbem. Pbys. 88, 4478 (1988). V. M. Grassian and G. C. Pimentel. Photochemical Reactions of Cis- and Trans-l,2-DichloroetheneAdsorbed on Pd(II1) and Pt(II1). J. Cbem. Pbys. 88, 4484 (1988). S. T. Collins, P. A. Casey, and G. C. Pimentel. The IR Spectrum of Ethylene in Solid Xenon: Host-Guest Mode Coupling. J. Cbem. Pbys. 12, 7307 (1988). H. Frei and G. C. Pimentel. Chemistry on Ground and Excited Electronic Surfaces Induced by Selective Photoexcitation in Matriccf. In chemistry and Pbysics of Matrix Isolated Species; Andrews and Moskovits, Eds.; Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989; Chapter 6, pp 139-166. S. Laursen and G. C. Pimentel. Matrix-Induced Intersystem Crossing in the Photochemistry of the 1,2-Dichloroethenes. J . Pbys. Cbem. 93, 2328 (1989). M. A. Morgan and G.C. Pimentel. The External Heavy Atom Effect: Photophysics of Dimethylaminobenzonitrile in Cryogenic Rare Gas Matrices. J. Phys. Cbem. 93,3056 (1989). K. S. Singmasterand G. C. Pimentel. Photolysis of Allene Ozone Mixtures at 647 nm In Cryogenic Matrices. Part 1. Formation of Allene Oxide. J . Mol. Struct. 194, 215 (1989). S. A. Abrash and G. C. Pimentel. Photochemistry of
-
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 7, 1991 2615 Hydrogen iodide-Acetylene Complexes in Solid Krypton. J . Phys. Chem. 93, 5828 (1989). 220. S.A. Abrash and G. C.Pimentel. Wavelength Dependence of the Photochemistryof Hydrogen Iodide-Acetylene Complexes in Solid Krypton. J. Phys. Chem. 93,5834 (1989). 221. M. A. Young and G. C. Pimentel. A Nanosecond Infrared Absorption Spectrometer. J. Appl. Opt. 28,4270 (1989). 222. M. A. Young, G. A. Smith, and G. C. Pimentel. Signal Processing for an Infrared Array Detector. J. Sci. Znstrum. 60,2920 (1 989). 223. B. H. Weiller, E. P. Wasserman, R. G. Bergman, C. B. Moore, and G. C. Pimentel. Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopy in the Liquid Rare Gases: Direct Rate Measurement of an Intermolecular Alkane C-H Oxodative Addition Reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 8388 (1989). 224. K. A. Singmaster, and G. C. Pimentel. Photolysis of Allene-Ozone Mixtures in Cryogenic Matrices. Part 2. Formation of Propadienol. J. Mol. Struct. 200, 225 (1989). 225. H. E. Cartland and G. C. Pimentel. The Hg (3P) Photosensitized Chemistry of Ethyl Halides in Krypton Matrix. J. Phys. Chem. 93, 8021 (1989). 226. H. E. Cartland and G. C. Pimentel. The 3P Hg, Cd, and Zn Photosensitized Chemistry of Vinyl Halides in Krypton Matrix. J . Phys. Chem. 94, 536 (1990). 227. M. A. Young and G. C. Pimentel. Collisional Relaxation Kinetics of the CF3 Radical Produced From Photolysis of CFJ. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 4884 (1990). 228. K. A. Singmaster and G. C. Pimentel. Spectroscopic Detection of Ozone-Olefin Charge-Transfer Complexes in Cryogenic Matrices. J. Phys. Chem. 94,5226 (1990). 229. Brent E. Wurfel, Nick Pugliano, Stephen E. Bradforth, Richard J. Saykally, and George C. Pimentel. Broadband Transient Infrared Laser Spectroscopy of Trifluorovinyl Radical, C2F3*:Experimental and ab Initio Results. J . Phys. Chem., this issue.
M4. M5. M6.
M7. M8. M9.
M10. M11.
M12.
M13.
M14.
MIS. Submitted in’Press
S1.
M. A. Young and G. C. Pimentel. Chemical Effects of Radical Vibrational Energy Content on the Abstraction Reaction: CF3 + Br2 CF3Br + Br. J. Phys. Chem., in press.
-
Other Publications MI. M2. M3.
K. S.Pitzer, G. C. Pimentel, and R. R. Brattain. Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds. Proc. Am. Pet. Znst. Nov. 8, 1954. Book review: Structure of Molecules and Internal Rotation; by San-Ichiro Mizushima. Chem. Eng. News 33, no. I I , 1127 (1955). Low Temperature Spectral Behavior of Hydrogen Bonded Species. In Hydrogen Bonding (papers presented at Ljubljana, 29 July-3 August 1957; Pergamon Press, 1959.
M16.
M17. M18. M19. M20.
G. C. Pimentel. Photochemistry in the Liquid and Solid States. Book Review, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83,2217 (1961). G. C. Pimentel. Investigation of Highly Reactive Species by the Matrix Isolation Technique. Proc. Am. Pet. Znst. 41, 189 (1962). Science and Social Responsibility. In Berkeley-A Challenge to Understanding,edited by A. J. Shartsis and R. D. Rosen. Published under the auspices of the College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, June 1966. Chemical Information from Chemical Lasers. Dansk Kemi 50, 1 (1969) (Denmark talk). Film summary-Wondering About Things. Chemistry 44, 26 (1971). G. C. Pimentel. “Criteria for Selecting Content for Chemical Curricula”. Proceedings, International Symposium on Chemical Education, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, August 25-30, 1977. J. P. Reilly, J. H. Clark, C. B. Moore, and G. C. Pimentel. Spectroscopy and Relaxation of Vibrationally Excited HCO Radicals. Proc. Cal. Tech. Meeting, April 1978. G. C. Pimentel and R. A. Stachnik. “Multiphoton Excitation of Bimolecular Reactions”. Proceedings of USAustralia Workshop, Reactivity and Energy Distribution in Surface Active Free Radicals, 1983. G.C. Pimentel. “Insights from the Pimentel Committee”. Proceedings of the Potential of Science of Chemistry Workshop, American Chemical Society, Arlington, VA, September 2-3, 1983. G. C. Pimentel. “Everyone Needs to Know Chemistry: A Teaching Challenge”. Proceedings from IUPAC Chemistry for the Future; edited by H. Grunewald. Pergamon Press, New York, 1984. G. C. Pimentel. “Chemistry on Excited Hypersurfaces”. Proceedings of the Japan/US Cooperative Photoconversion/Photosynthesis Research Seminar, March 26-30, 1987, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. G. C. Pimentel. “Control of Chemistry on Electronic Hypersurfaces, A Route to Energy Storage”. Proceedings of the Eleventh DOE Solar Photochemistry Research Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June 7-1 1, 1987. G. C. Pimentel. “Hot Chemistry in a Cold Environment”. Proceedings of The Robert A. Welch Foundation Conferences on Chemical Research. XXX. Advances in Electrochemistry, November 3-5, 1986, Houston, TX. G. C. Pimentel. Let’s Talk About Chemistry. 56th Members and Fellows Lecture, American Institute of Chemistry. The Chemist Nov. 1987. G.C. Pimentel. Federal Support of Science: The Feds Pay the Piper: Who Should Call the Tune. The Chemist (1988). G. C. Pimentel. Chemistry at the Crossroads. C&E News ( I 989) and Potentials Spring 1989. G.C. Pimentel. “The Future”. Symposium on the 50th Anniversary of the Committee on Professional Training (CPT) ACS, 1986 (1989).
