Biomimetic Synthesis of Thiaplidiaquinones A and B - American

Dec 10, 2012 - Iman M. Khalil, David Barker, and Brent R. Copp*. School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142...
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Biomimetic Synthesis of Thiaplidiaquinones A and B Iman M. Khalil, David Barker, and Brent R. Copp* School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand S Supporting Information *

ABSTRACT: A biomimetic synthesis of the biologically active ascidian metabolites thiaplidiaquinones A and B is described. Reaction of geranylbenzoquinone with Et3N in CH2Cl2 yielded two isomeric quinones, comprising the benzo[c]chromene-7,10dione core of the natural products. Subsequent reaction with hypotaurine yielded the title compounds and their dioxothiazino regioisomers.

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lead compound.7 As part of our interest in exploring the structure−activity relationships of benzo[c]chromene-7,10dione natural products,8 herein we report a biomimetic synthesis of both thiaplidiaquinones A (4) and B (5) and their anticipated natural product dioxothiazine regioisomers. While this paper was in preparation, Carbone et al. reported a synthesis of thiaplidiaquinone A.9

hile the majority of metabolites biosynthesized by ascidians are alkaloids or peptide related,1 ascidians of the genus Aplidium are known as a rich source of prenylated quinone and hydroquinone natural products.2 Derived from geranylated or farnesylated hydro- or benzoquinone (e.g., 1),3 these typically bioactive metabolites can embody intramolecular (e.g., conicol, 24) or intermolecular ring closures (e.g., longithorone A, 35), yielding complex architectural scaffolds.

We speculated that the biosynthetic origin of the thiaplidiaquinones could stem from hypotaurine addition to one of two tricyclic pyranoquinones (7, 8), in turn derived from oxa-6π electrocyclization10 of ortho-quinone methide tautomers (9, 10) of bis-benzoquinones (11, 12) (Scheme 1). However, while Carbone et al. constructed bis-benzoquinones 11 and 12 via a Suzuki−Miyaura reaction, we speculated that such coupling could be achieved simply by allowing geranylbenzoquinone (13) to tautomerize in the presence of triethylamine, undergo Michael reaction with another equivalent of quinone, and then follow a cascade of oxidation and

More recently, meroterpenoids bearing a benzo[c]chromene7,10-dione skeleton have been reported from geographically remote species of Aplidium ascidians. In 2005, Fattorusso’s group isolated thiaplidiaquinones A and B (4, 5) from a Mediterranean ascidian, Aplidium conicum, determining that both natural products induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells by a mechanism involving the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species.6 In contrast, the related metabolite scabellone B (6), isolated from a New Zealand collection of Aplidium scabellum, was found to be a relatively nontoxic antimalarial © 2012 American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

Received: November 12, 2012 Published: December 10, 2012 2256

dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300790g | J. Nat. Prod. 2012, 75, 2256−2260

Journal of Natural Products

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Geranylbenzoquinone (13) was prepared in a two-step sequence by reaction of 4-methoxyphenol with geranylbromide to afford 2-geranyl-4-methoxyphenol,11 oxidation of which with CAN yielded 1311 (Scheme 3). Initial assessment of the ability of geranylbenzoquinone to undergo base-induced tautomerization and dimerization was performed in an NMR tube, whereupon addition of Et3N (1 equiv) to a solution of quinone 13 in CDCl3 caused a rapid change in color of the solution from pale yellow to dark brown, with 1H NMR spectra of the reaction mixture indicating rapid consumption of starting material and the production of a complex mixture. An HSQC NMR spectrum of the mixture identified the generation of a new oxymethine fragment, with a correlation observed at δH 6.18, δC 68.4 [cf. scabellone B (6) H-5/C-6 (δH 6.00 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-5); δC 67.6)],7 suggestive of successful formation of a benzo[c]chromene ring system. The reaction between quinone 13 and Et3N (5 equiv) was repeated on a larger scale, with a short reaction time of 2 min, followed by purification using silica gel flash column chromatography. The fraction eluting with 15% MeOH/CH2Cl2 was left exposed to silica gel overnight, whereupon a further color change, this time from brown to dark purple, was observed. Further purification of the purple products yielded 7 and 8 in yields of 5.7% and 2.4%, respectively (Scheme 3). Albeit with low yields, the biomimetic transformation of 13 to tricycles 7 and 8 is unprecedented. High-resolution ESI mass spectrometry assigned the molecular formula C32H38O4 [M + Na]+ to both 7 and 8, while detailed analysis of NMR data established the presence of 1-oxygeranyl, geranyl, tetrasubstituted benzene, and 2,3disubstituted benzoquinone fragments (see Tables S1 and S2). Close similarity of the NMR data to those observed for scabellone B (6),7 also obtained in CDCl3 solvent, gave confidence that 7 and 8 were indeed isomeric benzo[c]chromene-7,10-diones. The most prominent difference between the two reaction products was the coupling, or lack of it, for the two benzenoid ring protons. The observation of 3.0 Hz coupling between H-1 (δH 7.67) and H-3 (δH 6.75) defined the higher yielding product to be quinone 7, while the lack of scalar coupling between the two benzenoid protons [δH 7.82 (s, H-1); δH 6.69 (s, H-4)] of the second reaction product established their relative disposition as being para, i.e., quinone 8. With precursor quinones 7 and 8 in hand, addition of hypotaurine was undertaken in a manner previously used by us in the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory ascidian metabolite ascidiathiazone A.12 Thus an aqueous solution of hypotaurine (1 equiv) was slowly added to 7 in CH3CN/EtOH at 0 °C and stirred for 48 h at room temperature (rt). Chromatographic purification of the reaction product mixture afforded thiaplidiaquinone A (4) and dioxothiazine regioisomer 14 in

Scheme 1. Retrosynthesis of Thiaplidiaquinones A and B

spontaneous ring closure to form the more advanced thiaplidiaquinone precursors 7 and 8 (Scheme 2). Scheme 2. Tautomerization and Dimerization of Geranylbenzoquinone

Scheme 3. Synthesis of Pre-thiaplidiaquinones A and B

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dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300790g | J. Nat. Prod. 2012, 75, 2256−2260

Journal of Natural Products

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Scheme 4. Synthesis of Thiaplidiaquinones A and B

1220, 1037 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-6), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz, H-3), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.8 Hz, H-5), 5.34−5.28 (1H, m, H-2′), 5.10−5.04 (1H, m, H-6′), 4.80 (1H, s, OH), 3.75 (3H, s, H3-7), 3.33 (2H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H2-1′), 2.16−2.10 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.10−2.05 (2H, m, H2-5′), 1.76 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.68 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.60 (3H, s, H3-10′); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 153.8 (C-4), 148.5 (C-1), 138.7 (C-3′), 132.1 (C-7′), 128.3 (C-2), 124.0 (C-6′), 121.6 (C-2′), 116.5 (C-6), 115.8 (C-3), 112.2 (C-5), 55.8 (C-7), 39.8 (C-4′), 30.1 (C-1′), 26.6 (C-5′), 25.8 (C-8′), 17.8 (C-10′), 16.3 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS m/z 283.1669 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C17H24NaO2, 283.1669). Geranylbenzoquinone (13). A solution of cerium ammonium nitrate (9.15 g, 0.019 mol) in CH3CN/H2O (1:2, 75 mL) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 2-geranyl-4-methoxyphenol (2.18 g, 9.4 mmol) in CH3CN (25 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred overnight at 0 °C, then poured into 10% NaCl(aq) (100 mL) and extracted with Et2O (2 × 50 mL). The organic extract was then dried (MgSO4), and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/n-hexane, 1:4) gave quinone 13 as a bright yellow oil (1.19 g, 58%): Rf (30% EtOAc/n-hexane) 0.83; IR (ATR) νmax 2966, 2919, 2859, 1656, 1599, 1297 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 6.76 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz, H-6), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 10.1, 2.4 Hz, H-5), 6.55−6.51 (1H, m, H-3), 5.19−5.12 (1H, m, H-2′), 5.11−5.05 (1H, m, H-6′), 3.13 (2H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H2-1′), 2.14−2.09 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.09−2.05 (2H, m, H2-5′), 1.70 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.63 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.60 (3H, s, H3-10′); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 188.1 (C-4), 187.7 (C-1), 148.7 (C-2), 140.3 (C-3′), 136.9 (C-6), 136.5 (C-5), 132.5 (C-3), 132.0 (C-7′), 124.0 (C-6′), 117.8 (C-2′), 39.8 (C-4′), 27.5 (C-1′), 26.6 (C-5′), 25.8 (C-8′), 17.8 (C-10′), 16.2 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS m/z 267.1359 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C16H20NaO2, 267.1356). 4-Geranyl-6-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-2-hydroxy-6Hbenzo[c]chromene-7,10-dione (7) and 3-Geranyl-6-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-2-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-7,10-dione (8). Triethylamine (0.26 mL, 0.19 g, 1.84 mmol) was added dropwise to a rapidly stirring solution of geranylbenzoquinone (0.09 g, 0.37 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. When the reaction mixture became a dark brown color (approximately 2 min), it was loaded onto a silica gel chromatography column (CH2Cl2). The fraction that eluted with 10−15% MeOH/CH2Cl2 was then loaded onto another silica gel chromatography column (CH2Cl2) and left exposed to silica overnight. The purple compounds formed were eluted with CH2Cl2 to yield 4-geranyl-6-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5dienyl)-2-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-7,10-dione (7) as a purple oil (5.13 mg, 5.7%) and 3-geranyl-6-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-2hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-7,10-dione (8) as a purple oil (2.13 mg, 2.4%): Compound 7: Rf (CH2Cl2) 0.29; IR (ATR) νmax 3266, 2977, 1643, 1390 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 7.67 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz, H1), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz, H-3), 6.73 (2H, s, H-8, 9), 6.04 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-6), 5.32 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-1″), 5.25 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, H-2′), 5.09 (1H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, H-6′), 4.92 (1H, t, J = 6.6 Hz, H-5″), 4.70 (1H, br s, OH), 3.24 (2H, dd, J = 7.3, 3.0 Hz, H2-1′), 2.11−2.05 (2H, m, H2-5′), 2.04−2.00 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.00−1.97 (2H, m, H2-4″),

yields of 21% and 40%, respectively (Scheme 4). 1H and 13C NMR data observed for the minor product were in excellent agreement with those reported for the natural product,6,9 while data observed for some resonances, in particular H-1 (ΔδH 0.31) and C-6a/C-9/C-10/C-11a (ΔδC 7.9−33), of regiosiomer 14 were markedly different (see Tables S3 and S4). Reaction of the second precursor, quinone 8, with hypotaurine in a similar manner afforded two products, identified as thiaplidiaquinone B (5) (9.3% yield) and its regioisomer 15 (13%). Once again the spectroscopic data observed for the reaction minor product agreed very well with the data reported for the natural product, while those observed for the isomer were quite different (see Tables S5 and S6).6 The UV−visible spectra of natural products 4 and 5 were almost superimposable, as were those of the regioisomers 14 and 15, but the two series were markedly different from each other (see Figure S1), suggesting that this classical spectroscopic technique may be a useful tool in assigning dioxothiazine regiochemistry in this compound class. In conclusion, we have achieved a biomimetic synthesis of the complex dioxothiazino meroterpenoids thiaplidiaquinones A and B by base-mediated dimerization of geranylbenzoquinone, followed by addition of hypotaurine.

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EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

General Experimental Procedures. Ultraviolet−visible spectra were run as MeOH solutions on a UV-2102 PC Shimadzu UV−vis scanning spectrophotometer. Infrared spectra were recorded using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum One Fourier-transform IR spectrometer as a dry film. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 298 K, at 400 and 100 MHz, respectively, or at 600 and 150 MHz, respectively, on Bruker DRX spectrometers. NMR experiments were run in CDCl3 and were referenced to TMS for 1H and to the central peak of the CDCl3 signal at 77.16 ppm13 for 13C. Standard Bruker pulse sequences were utilized. HRMS data were acquired on a Bruker micrOTOF Q II mass spectrometer. Flash column chromatography was performed using Davisil silica gel (40−63 μm), while analytical thin-layer chromatography was carried out on Merck DC-plastikfolien Kieselgel 60 F254 plates, and products were visualized by UV fluorescence. 2-Geranyl-4-methoxyphenol. Sodium metal (0.71 g, 0.031 mol) was added portionwise to a solution of 4-methoxyphenol (1.91 g, 0.015 mol) in dry Et2O (65 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere and then stirred for 3 h at rt. Geranyl bromide (3.34 g, 3.04 mL, 0.015 mol) was then added dropwise, and the solution heated at reflux for 48 h under nitrogen. After the solution cooled to rt, 10% HCl(aq) (5 mL) was added, the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (2 × 10 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with water (2 × 50 mL) and dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/n-hexane, 1:4) gave 2-geranyl-4-methoxyphenol as a pale yellow oil (2.24 g, 56%): Rf (CH2Cl2) 0.56; IR (ATR) νmax 3352, 2935, 2834, 1506, 1440, 2258

dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300790g | J. Nat. Prod. 2012, 75, 2256−2260

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Note

H3-8′), 1.64 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-10′), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-7″), 1.51 (3H, s, H3-9″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 177.7 (C-12), 177.5 (C-7), 150.4 (C-2), 148.4 (C-4a), 144.8 (C-2″), 143.8 (C-7a), 137.1 (C-3′), 133.6 (C-12a), 132.3 (C-4), 132.0 (C-6″), 131.7 (C-7′), 130.9 (C-6a), 124.3 (C-6′), 123.5 (C-5″), 122.1 (C-3), 121.4 (C-2′), 118.2 (C-1″), 117.5 (C-12b), 113.7 (C-1), 111.4 (C-11a), 67.1 (C-6), 49.2 (C-10), 40.2 (C-9), 39.9 (C-4′), 39.7 (C-3″), 28.2 (C-1′), 26.8 (C-5′), 26.3 (C-4″), 25.8 (C-8′), 25.7 (C-7″), 17.8 (C-9″), 17.8 (C10′), 17.4 (C-8″), 16.2 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS [M + Na]+ 614.2531 (calcd for C34H41NNaO6S, 614.2547). Thiaplidiaquinone B (5) and Regioisomer 15. A solution of hypotaurine (2.55 mg, 0.02 mmol) in H2O (0.15 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 3-geranyl-6-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)2-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-7,10-dione (8) (11.39 mg, 0.02 mmol) in CH3CN/EtOH (1:1, 1 mL) at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 days, after which H2O (3 mL) was added. The aqueous solution was then extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 mL × 2) and dried (MgSO4), and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The crude reaction product was purified using silica gel chromatography (EtOAc/n-hexane, 1:1) to yield thiaplidiaquinone B (5) as a light purple oil (1.29 mg, 9.3%) and regioisomer 15 as a dark blue oil (1.84 mg, 13%). Thiaplidiaquinone B (5):. Rf (EtOAc) 0.59; UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 324 (3.00), 362 (sh, 2.84), 558 (2.17) nm; IR (ATR) νmax 3447, 3301, 2928, 1618, 1586, 1424, 1282, 1164, 1122 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) δ 7.69 (1H, br s, H-1), 6.85 (1H, br s, NH-11), 6.69 (1H, br s, H-4), 6.06 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz, H-6), 5.31−5.25 (1H, m, H-1″), 5.31−5.25 (1H, m, H-2′), 5.07 (1H, t, J = 6.7 Hz, H-6′), 4.94 (1H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, H-5″), 4.14−4.07 (2H, m, H2-10), 3.37−3.29 (2H, m, H2-9), 3.37−3.29 (2H, m, H2-1′), 2.14−2.10 (2H, m H2-5′), 2.10− 2.06 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.01−1.97 (2H, m, H2-4″), 1.97−1.92 (2H, m, H2-3″), 1.91 (3H, s, H3-8″), 1.73 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.69 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.60 (3H, s, H3-10′), 1.60 (3H, s, H3-7″), 1.51 (3H, s, H3-9″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) δ 179.2 (C-12), 175.3 (C-7), 149.0 (C-2), 148.1 (C-4a), 145.4 (C-2″), 143.9 (C-11a), 139.3 (C-3′), 137.5 (C6a), 133.1 (C-3), 132.2 (C-7′), 132.0 (C-6″), 127.9 (C-12a), 123.9 (C-6′), 123.7 (C-5″), 120.4 (C-2′), 118.8 (C-4), 116.6 (C-1″), 114.8 (C-12b), 114.3 (C-1), 110.2 (C-7a), 67.7 (C-6), 48.7 (C-9), 40.0 (C10), 39.9 (C-3″), 39.8 (C-4′), 29.8 (C-1′), 26.5 (C-5′), 26.1 (C-4″), 25.9 (C-8′), 25.8 (C-7″), 17.9 (C-10′), 17.8 (C-9″), 17.6 (C-8″), 16.4 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS m/z 614.2538 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C34H41NNaO6S, 614.2547). Regioisomer 15: Rf (50% EtOAc/n-hexane) 0.17; UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 303 (3.17), 370 (3.39), 450 (2.69), 587 (2.68) nm; IR (ATR) νmax 3457, 3335, 2930, 1659, 1613, 1584, 1552, 1425, 1277, 1214, 1123 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) δ 7.98 (1H, s, H-1), 6.67 (1H, br s, NH-8), 6.64 (1H, s, H-4), 5.94 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz, H6), 5.33 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz, H-1″), 5.27 (1H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-2′), 5.08 (1H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, H-6′), 4.96−4.91 (1H, br m, H-5″), 4.15−4.05 (2H, m, H2-9), 3.38−3.33 (2H, m, H2-10), 3.31 (2H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H2-1′), 2.14−2.09 (2H, m, H2-5′), 2.09−2.04 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.02−1.96 (2H, m, H2-4″), 1.96−1.91 (2H, m, H2-3″), 1.88 (3H, s, H3-8″), 1.69 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.68 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.60 (3H, s, H3-7″), 1.60 (3H, s, H310′), 1.51 (3H, s, H3-9″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) δ 177.9 (C12), 177.2 (C-7), 150.7 (C-4a), 149.5 (C-2), 144.4 (C-2″), 143.7 (C7a), 138.7 (C-3′), 136.2 (C-3), 133.3 (C-12a), 132.0 (C-7′), 132.0 (C6″), 129.5 (C-6a), 124.1 (C-6′), 123.6 (C-5″), 120.4 (C-2′), 118.4 (C4), 118.0 (C-1″), 116.0 (C-1), 115.6 (C-12b), 111.3 (C-11a), 67.3 (C6), 49.2 (C-10), 40.1 (C-9), 39.9 (C-4′), 39.8 (C-3″), 29.4 (C-1′), 26.6 (C-5′), 26.3 (C-4″), 25.8 (C-8′), 25.8 (C-7″), 17.9 (C-9″), 17.8 (C-10′), 17.4 (C-8″), 16.3 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS m/z 614.2529 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C34H41NNaO6S, 614.2547).

1.97−1.90 (2H, m, H2-3″), 1.94 (3H, s, H3-8″), 1.68 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.67 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-10′), 1.58 (3H, s, H3-7″), 1.50 (3H, s, H3-9″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 187.1 (C-10), 185.2 (C-7), 149.9 (C-2), 147.0 (C-4a), 144.3 (C-2″), 137.2 (C-8/9), 137.0 (C-3′), 135.8 (C-8/9), 134.9 (C-6a), 132.3 (C-4), 131.9 (C-6″), 131.6 (C-7′), 130.5 (C-10a), 124.4 (C-6′), 123.6 (C-5″), 121.6 (C-2′), 120.2 (C-3), 118.4 (C-1″), 117.6 (10b), 112.5 (C-1), 67.3 (C-6), 39.9 (C3″), 39.8 (C-4′), 28.2 (C-1′), 26.8 (C-5′), 26.3 (C-4″), 25.8 (C-8′), 25.7 (C-7″), 17.8 (C-10′), 17.8 (C-9″), 17.4 (C-8″), 16.6 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS m/z 509.2645 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C32H38O4Na, 509.2662). Compound 8: Rf (CH2Cl2) 0.43; IR (ATR) νmax 3393, 2922, 1647, 1423 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 7.82 (1H, s, H-1), 6.72 (2H, s, H-8, 9), 6.69 (1H, s, H-4), 5.99 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-6), 5.35 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-1″), 5.30 (1H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, H-2′), 5.11−5.05 (1H, m, H-6′), 4.98 (1H, br s, OH), 4.94−4.90 (1H, m, H-5″), 3.33 (2H, dd, J = 7.1, 4.0 Hz, H2-1′), 2.16−2.11 (2H, m, H2-5′), 2.11−2.07 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.03−1.95 (2H, m, H2-4″), 1.97−1.92 (2H, m, H2-3″), 1.92 (3H, s, H3-8″), 1.73 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.69 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-7″), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-10′), 1.50 (3H, s, H3-9″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 187.2 (C-10), 185.1 (C-7), 149.2 (C-4a), 149.1 (C-2), 144.0 (C-2″), 139.0 (C-3′), 137.0 (C-8/9), 135.9 (C-8/9), 133.8 (C-6a), 133.4 (C-3), 132.1 (C-7′), 131.9 (C-6″), 130.2 (C-10a), 124.0 (C-6′), 123.7 (C-5″), 120.7 (C-2′), 118.6 (C-4), 118.2 (C-1″), 115.8 (C-10b), 115.1 (C-1), 67.6 (C-6), 39.8 (C-3″), 39.8 (C-4′), 29.7 (C-1′), 26.6 (C-5′), 26.2 (C-4″), 25.8 (C-8′), 25.7 (C-7″), 17.9 (C9″), 17.8 (C-10′), 17.4 (C-8″), 16.4 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS m/z 509.2649 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C32H38O4Na, 509.2662). Thiaplidiaquinone A (4) and Regioisomer 14. A solution of hypotaurine (1.2 mg, 0.01 mmol) in H2O (0.10 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-geranyl-6-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)2-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-7,10-dione (7) (4.02 mg, 0.01 mmol) in CH3CN/EtOH (1:1, 0.8 mL) at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 days, after which H2O (3 mL) was added. The aqueous solution was then extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 mL × 2) and dried (MgSO4), and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The crude reaction product was purified using silica gel chromatography (EtOAc/n-hexane, 1:1) to yield thiaplidiaquinone A (4) as a red oil (1.02 mg, 21%) and regioisomer 14 as a dark blue oil (1.93 mg, 40%). Thiaplidiaquinone A (4): Rf (EtOAc) 0.63; UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 331 (3.04) nm; IR (ATR) νmax 3304, 2926, 1683, 1622, 1587, 1445, 1348, 1282, 1120 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) δ 7.54 (1H, br s, H-1), 6.90 (1H, br s, NH-11), 6.71 (1H, br s, H-3), 6.08 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-6), 5.28−5.23 (1H, m, H-1″), 5.23−5.19 (1H, m, H-2′), 5.08 (1H, tt, J = 7.0, 1.4 Hz, H-6′), 4.98−4.87 (1H, m, H-5″), 4.19− 4.04 (2H, m, H2-10), 3.43−3.31 (2H, m, H2-9), 3.28 (1H, dd, J = 15.5, 7.1 Hz, H-1′a), 3.17 (1H, dd, J = 15.5, 7.4 Hz, H-1′b), 2.10−2.04 (2H, m H2-5′), 2.04−1.99 (2H, m, H2-4′), 1.99−1.96 (2H, m, H2-4″), 1.96−1.92 (2H, m, H2-3″), 1.92 (3H, s, H3-8″), 1.68 (3H, s, H3-8′), 1.66 (3H, s, H3-9′), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-10′), 1.59 (3H, s, H3-7″), 1.50 (3H, s, H3-9″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 179.3 (C-12), 175.3 (C-7), 149.7 (C-2), 146.2 (C-4a), 145.6 (C-2″), 143.9 (C-11a), 138.8 (C-6a), 137.1 (C-3′), 132.5 (C-4), 131.9 (C-6″), 131.6 (C-7′), 128.2 (C-12a), 124.4 (C-6′), 123.7 (C-5″), 121.4 (C-2′), 120.1 (C-3), 117.0 (C-1″), 116.8 (C-12b), 111.6 (C-1), 110.6 (C-7a), 67.5 (C-6), 48.8 (C-9), 40.1 (C-10), 39.9 (C-4′), 39.9 (C-3″), 28.2 (C-1′), 26.8 (C-5′), 26.3 (C-4″), 25.8 (C-8′), 25.7 (C-7″), 17.8 (C-9″), 17.8 (C-10′), 17.6 (C-8″), 16.3 (C-9′); (+)-HRESIMS [M + Na]+ 614.2536 (calcd for C34H41NNaO6S, 614.2547). Regioisomer 14: Rf (50% EtOAc/n-hexane) 0.14; UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 304 (3.03), 368 (3.36), 442 (2.54), 575 (2.46) nm; IR (ATR) νmax 3304, 2970, 1661, 1594, 1571, 1441, 1350, 1282, 1124, 1065 cm−1; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 7.82 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz, H1), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz, H-3), 6.73 (1H, br s, NH-8), 5.98 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz, H-6), 5.28 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz, H-1″), 5.20 (1H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, H-2′), 5.08 (1H, t, J = 6.4 Hz, H-6′), 4.92 (1H, t, J = 6.1 Hz, H-5″), 4.19−4.05 (2H, m, H2-9), 3.42−3.34 (2H, m, H2-10), 3.23 (1H, dd, J = 15.8, 7.0 Hz, H-1′a), 3.15 (1H, dd, J = 15.8, 7.3 Hz, H-1′b), 2.11− 2.04 (2H, m, H2-5′), 2.03−1.95 (2H, m, H2-4′), 2.03−1.95 (2H, m, H2-4″), 1.94−1.91 (2H, m, H2-3″), 1.90 (3H, s, H3-8″), 1.67 (3H, s,

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ASSOCIATED CONTENT

S Supporting Information *

Tables of NMR data for 4, 5, 7, 8, 14, and 15, figure of UV spectra of 4, 5, 14, and 15, and copies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra for 2-geranyl-4-methoxyphenol, geranylbenzoquinone, 2259

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Journal of Natural Products

Note

and compounds 4, 5, 7, 8, 14, and 15. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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AUTHOR INFORMATION

Corresponding Author

*Tel: +64 9 373 7599, x 88284. Fax: + 64 9 373 7422. E-mail: [email protected]. Notes

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge funding from the University of Auckland. We thank the late Prof. E. Fattorusso for copies of NMR data of the natural products, Dr. M. Schmitz for assistance with NMR data acquisition, and Dr. N. Lloyd for MS data.

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DEDICATION This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Ernesto Fattorusso (1937−2012). REFERENCES

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