ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Air Pollution, Vol. II. Analysis, Monitoring, and Surveying. Sec-
ond Edztion. Arthur C. Stern, Edi-
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t o r . xix 684 pages. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ace., New Y-ork, N.Y . 10005. 1568. 8% Reviewed b y Edward F . Ferrand, Bureuu of Tachnical Services, Dept. of Air Pollution Control, 51 h t o r Place, New York, N . Y. 10003 This three-volume work is meant to provide a summary of existing knowledge about air pollution to the rapidly increasing, heterogeneous audience to whom this subject is a n important concern. Volume I1 covers the sampling, analysis, me8 surement, and monitoring of air pollution and is intended as a reference on the chemical analysis of pollutants. Because it is the result of contributions from many authors working independently, some overlapping has occurred. For the same reason, because the field is growing rapidly but has few well-established domains, the points of view and preferences of the individual authors tend t o be emphasized. T i t h few exceptions this volume cannot be used as a laboratory manual, nor should it be expected to serve as such codsidering the range covered. I t is the most convenient source for anyone searching for a comprehensive view of the problem. and procedures encountered in measurements in the air pollution field. It also serves well as a starting point for a n investigator embarking into research in an unfamiliar area. Unfortunately, studies are not covered equally well in all chapters. Some authors discuss and emphasize recent studies more than do others. Although in some cases the difference can be attributed to the nature of the subject matter. it is recommended that the coverage of the reference be examined before embarking on a detailed study of each chapter. The abstracts published by the Air Pollution Control Association are a valuable adjunct to such study. I n view of the influence that this work will have upon the air pollution field, it is fortunate than an attempt is made to recommend units for reporting air pollution measurements. The problem is vexing enough to merit treatment in a separate chapter together with recommendations for nomenclature, standards, and calibrations. Air quality data has developed its own variations of statistical analyses and presentation which could haw receked more detailed and unified treatment. In view of the importance that
new generations of monitoring instruments will have, more attention might have been given to developments in this direction. This volume represente a n important contribution t o the air pollution field. In spite of its relatively high cost, it definitely belongs in the library of anyone who has more than a passing interest in the quality of the air environment. I n this connection it should be noted that this volume is concerned with many topics beyond the analyeis of the atmosphere and of emissions. These analyses lead to social applications intended for the control of air pollution. The techniques connected with these applications are a n important part of this work. The Mass Spectra of Organic Molerules. J . H . Beynon, R. A. Saundc ? ~A. . E . TBilllarns. ix 610 pages.
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a4~nericanElsevier Publishing Go., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ace., A-ew York, LV. Y . 10017. 1968. 834 Reviewed by Seymour Meyerson, Research and Decelopment Department, American Oil Co., Whiting, Ind. 46394 I n view of the many important contributions by Beynon and his associates to the mass spectrometry of organic compounds, the publication of this book ought to constitute a major event for workers in the field. But circumstances ordained otherwise. The subject matter almost exactly duplicates that of another book with a similar ass Spectrometry of Organic Compounde," by Budzikiewicz, Djerassi, and Williams ( B D R ) , which came out a >-ear earlier. Especially in view of the high price of the present volume, almost tlyice that of BDJT, the prospective purchaser will think twice before placing his order, and his decision is likely to hinge on a comparison of the two books. For the worker mho already owns a copy of BDW, does Beynon's book contain enough additional useful information to justify buying it, too? The answer is not an unequivocal yes. In at least one important respect, that of timeliness, the present book runs a poor second. Only 14 literature references, or 2.5% of the total, are dated 1966, 1967, or in press. In BDW, despite the earlier publication date, 350 references, or 37% of the total (however, references in BDW are listed separately for each chapter, and the total therefore includes much duplica-
tion), fall in this category. The large number of typographical errors and careless or inaccurate statements in the present book is inconsistent with the high standards that readers have come t o expect from both the authors and the publisher. One suspects that they may have grown panicky a t seeing themselves so thoroughly scooped by B D R and cut short their normal editing and proofreading procedures. Similarly, the fear that their sales would suffer from the poor showing vis-a-vis BDJI' may have been a factor in setting the price so high. Even the feeding of paper stock into the printing p r e-\es x seems to reflect a last-minute rush. Pages 39-102, 263-278, 327-342, and 375-390 of m y copy are printed on high-gloss paper : the rest of the book is on matte. Hoi\-ever, the picture is far from onesided. The senior author has been in this game for over twenty years, and the breadth and depth of his and his associates' experience gire a tone and a quality to their book that are not readily attained by relative newcomers to the field. By comparison, B D R has something of the flavor of a catalog, whereas the present book is a series of lecture-dijcussions. X a n y classes of compounds are accorded extensive treatments that go well beyond that of BDW. The text is illustrated with large numbers of problems, approached on a highly pragmatic basis and discussed in great detail. The reader ill come away from this book cognizant of a great number of empirical correlations between mass spectra and molecular structures, many of them not well explored or understood, but nonetheless useful in structure identification. For example, the spectra of 6- and $-methylquinolines, although generally quite similar, differ sharply in relative intensities a t masses 89 and 90: in perfluoroparaffin spectra, the most abundant ion a t each carbon number is CnFrn+l+ except for n equal to one less than the number of carbons in the original molecule, where it is CnF2,1.-l-. Odd bits of useful information are scattered through the discussions of various compound types. For example, pentaborane rapidly dehydrogenates in the instrument, but this problem can be avoided by 5 minutes' pretreatment of the sample-handling system with ammonia, Finally, a semi-philosophical comment is perhaps in order. Concepts and terminology borrowed from physicalorganic chemistry have proved of inestimable value in rationalizing mass spectra and in popularizing mass specVOL. 40, NO. 14, DECEMBER 1968
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NEW BOOKS trometry among organic chemists, but a t a price. Their glib use all too often produces arguments that are far more satisfying to the writer than to the reader in search of understanding. The sparsity of such jargon in Beynon's book is a t times a disadvantage, but most of the time it is refreshing. Substoichiometry in Radiochemical Analysis. Jaromir Ruzicka, Jiri Stary. ix 161 pages. Vol. 30. International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry. P e r g a m o n
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Press, inc., ..$.@l 2ist St., L o n g i s l a n d City,4V.Y. 11101. 1968. 87 Reviewed b y G . W. Leddicotte, Research Reactor Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, M o .
ut you can depend upon it to collect fractions. People have for years! The A 0 Automatic Fraction Collector has compiled an impressive record of accurate, reliable, and reproduci b l e performance in thousands of laboratories. Some units have been on the job for 10 years! We could face-lift it, but why? That would just cost you more. This tough old workhorse can coll e c t equal, predetermined, liquid samples by three methods - volum e t r i c siphoning, t i m e d flow, and drop counting. Use test tubes, culture or centrifuge tubes-as many as 240 at once! A variety of accessories permits an exceptional range of applications. For details, contact your distributor or write to us.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
The ideas promoted by the authors of this monograph provide a n interesting approach t o the use of the potentials of nuclear science methodology in the determination of substoichiometric amounts of the elements. Chapter 5 is the most meaningful chapter in the monograph. It has am excellent source of sensitive, specific, and rapid methods of analysis for at least 23 elements, many of which are important to researchers concerned with trace substance research interests. I n almost all instances, an analyst can easily adapt these methods for use in the assay of almost any type of sample material. Chapter 4 offers some useful information on the general techniques applied in the methods described in Chapter 5 . However, no attempt is made to reference any of this general information, much of which has been ably documented in detail elsewhere by the authors. K i t h respect to the rest of the book, this reviewer finds that it contains better than average material; however, the manner in which this information is presented makes it difficult to achieye a rapid comprehension of the authow' intents. It would appear t o have been more practical to review and generally discuss the nuclear methods being considered,-i.e., activation analysis, isotope dilution, and radiometric-in a single chapter and then elaborate upon the principles and separation techniques that could be used in carrying out the substoichiometric determination by a particular technique. For example, in Chapters 2 and 3, the authors give la few paragraphs about specific techniques and then immediately propose theoriee on separation techniques-e.g., solvent extraction of metal chelatesso that the prime intent of each chapter is somewhat overshadowed by material which could be best presented as a separate topic,
Although it would be desirable t o have a more favorable format for this introductory material and certain other portions of the monograph (especially Chapters 6, 7 , and 8), the monograph is a potentially valuable aid to any analyst. It provides him with unique ideas on how t o use certain nuclear methods of analysis for trace element determinations. Analysis of High-Purity Materials.
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I . P. Alimarzn, E d i t o r . xviii 684 pages. Daniel D a u e y & Co., Inc. 964 Asylum Aue.. H a r t J o r d , Co?a?i. 06207. 1968. 320.26 Reviewed by G . H . Morrison, Department of Chemistvy, Cornel1 University, Ithaca, N. 1'. 14850 I n no other field of modern science and technology has the requirement of high purity been more stringent than in the area of semiconductor materials. I n order t o improve the technology of the preparation of semiconductor materials and their compounds and t o produce high-quality semiconductor derices with predetermined properties, it has been neceesary to develop methods for the determination of impurities with detection limits as low as 10-fl-10-87~. The book under review is an English translation of the original Russian edition, "Rletody Analiza Veshchestv Vysokoi Chistoty," published in 1965. It represents a collection of procedures developed in a number of institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the LTCT8SR and other departments for the determination of trace impurities in high-purity materials used in radioelectronic and semi-conductor technology. The introductory articles, which describe the position reached in the USSR in the control of the purity of different materials, have been written by their leading experts in the field. Subjects discussed include control of high-purity materials, potential deveIopments of modern anaIytica1 methods, improvement in their sensitivity and accuracy, and experimental techniques t o be adopted when working with high-purity materials. Detailed procedures are given for the determination of trace impurities in silicon and its compounds, germanium and its compounds, gallium, indium, thallium, arsenic, antimony, compounds of the AIIIBv type, phosphorus, aluminum, lead and its compounds, bismuth and its Compounds, tin, zinc, cadmium, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, boron, iodine, graphite, compounds of the AIIBvI type, and reagents. According to a translator's note, in many instances, industrial routine analyses in the Soviet Union are carried out by specially trained technicians rather
