Fungicides evaluation in paint. Here are three fungicides for evaluation in paint formulations. Copper 8-Quinolinolate Effective in emulsions Registered fungicide EPA #18533-11 EPA accepted for use in paint
8-Quinolinol Benzoate Water and oil soluble Registered fungicide EPA #18533-10 Under evaluation for registration for use in paint
8-Quinolinol Citrate Water soluble Registered fungicide EPA #18533-9 Under evaluation for registration for use in paint Send the coupon today for more information, or write us direct. Ashland Chemical Company Fine Chemicals Dept. F P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216 Tell me about Ashland's quinolinol fungicides. • Send me more information. D Send samples (letterhead please). NAME TITLE COMPANY ADDRESS CITY STATE
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Ashland, Ashland Chemical Companq DIVISION OF ASHLANO OIL.INC.
CIRCLE 68 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Breeder reactor safety problems considered Commercial nuclear breeder reactors still may be some years away, but potential safety problems are already here. A preview of how those problems will be tackled was presented early this month in Chicago at an International Meeting on Fast Reactor Safety and Related Physics. The meeting, under joint sponsorship of the American Nuclear Society and the European Nuclear Society, suggested that breeder reactor safety is inherently more difficult to achieve than with present-day reactors. However, breeder safety is considered not only possible but well within present technical capabilities. There is unanimity that accident prevention is thefirstline of defense and that accident containment is necessary as the first backup. But there is strong debate over which containment schemes are best. Underlying that debate is the necessity to consider each reactor and its site as unique in many respects. For example, one thing that always vexes designers is predicting seismic disturbances that could cause a core upset, generally considered to be the ultimate accident. In discussing the British breeder program, U.K. representatives noted that an inherent feature of fast breeder reactors is that as a matter of design the core is not in its most reactive configuration. Thus, a rapid change in core geometry in certain circumstances could give rise to an explosive release of energy, probably the result of rapid vaporization of fuel and reactor components caused by unregulated heating in the core. Containing such an explosion is one of the chief problems of safety designers. The West German breeder now under construction at Kalkar on the Rhine has a containment system that can withstand a mechanical energy release of 370 Mwseconds. This specification has become the basis of all future design work in that country. The Japanese concur with such a specification, while noting that current safety designs show a strong tendency to be more conservative than necessary. But, if designs are conservative, they may not be conservative enough to achieve public acceptance in the U.S. Dr. David Okrent of the University of California, Los Angeles, believes that the reliability, as based on future accident probability, may not be enough to satisfy a significant body of public opinion that wants absolute proof of safety. He notes that current guidelines for light-water reactors call for a projected accident frequency of less than one in a million per year. Even if this is achievable, it may be impossible to demonstrate. Okrent suggests that, for technical reasons, accident probability for breeders may have to be an order of magnitude less. But no matter what the projected probabilities of core upset may be, Okrent doesn't believe that society would accept them without corresponding attention to "societal pressures" such as sabotage. •
NEW required reading from Waters — the Liquid Chromatography People New Analysis of Pharmaceutical Products This new 20-pg. reference describes rapid and economical assay and q uantitation methods for a wide range of drug products. Described are LC separations of cough preparations, antibiotics, v i t a m i n s , and t r a n quilizers, as well as various specialized LC techniques. CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Paired-Ion Chromatography This new 16-pg. brochure describes the technique of Paired-Ion Chromatography, an alternative to ion exchange. PIC™ allows simultaneous analysis of acids, bases, and neutral compounds. CIRCLE 45 ON READER SERVICE CARD
New Detectors Brochure Considerations for the choice of a LC detection system for specific applications are discussed in detail. The c a p a b i l i t i e s of the Model 440 UV/Visible Absorbance Detector and 400 Series Differential Refractometers are discussed in relation to specific applications. CIRCLE 46 ON READER SERVICE CARD
free from WATERS ASSOCIATES 145 Maple Street, Milford, Ma 01757 Telephone (617)478-2000 The Liquid Chromatography
People
Oct. 18, 1976 C&EN Oct. 18, 1976 C&EN
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