Britain Loses 140 Ph.D.'s a Year Royal Society reports doubling of rate of scientific emigrants to U.S. in past 10 years The rate at which scientists who hold Ph.D. degrees have moved from Britain to settle permanently in the United States has doubled in the past 10 years. Total annual flow of Ph.D.'s from Britain is now about 140 a year, about 12% of the country's annual output, according to a report by a special committee of the Royal Society. Chemists, physicists, biochemists, and mathematicians make up the largest group of new Ph.D.'s and university staff members leaving England for the U.S. and Canada. On the other hand, those going permanently to other Commonwealth countries include a large number of geologists, zoologists, and botanists. U.S. Attracts Most. Between 1952 and 1961, the committee finds, the number of scientists with Ph.D. degrees (including members of university staffs ) who emigrated from Britain totaled 1539. Of these, 670 went to the U.S., 314 settled in Canada, 364 emigrated to other Commonwealth countries, and 191 went to countries outside the Commonwealth. British universities are now losing about 1% of their staff per year through emigration, the report notes. Emigration appears to be on a definite upswing. For example, scientists leaving Britain in 1952 (university staff members and those with recently conferred Ph.D. degrees) totaled 62. In 1961, the number had increased to 198. The number settling in the U.S. in 1952 was 31 (seven university staff members and 24 newly conferred Ph.D. degree holders). By 1961, this number increased to 83 (25 university staff and 58 Ph.D.'s). The survey shows that from 1952 to 1961 the largest number of recently conferred Ph.D.'s who emigrated from Britain obtained their degrees at London's Imperial College. The number increased from eight in 1952 to 22 in 1961, bringing the total to 147, 17% of those who were awarded Ph.D. degrees at the college. The next largest group came from Cambridge—a total of 101 in 10 years, 1 1 % of the total Ph.D.'s awarded. During the same period, 88 (14%) of Oxford's science Ph.D.'s emigrated. Of the 26 universities that lost staff 22
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members through emigration, the University of London had a total loss of 119, Manchester 41, Glasgow 34, Birmingham 32, and Cambridge 30 in the 10-year period studied. The report also notes that Britain has in the past five years lost a number of outstanding scientists to the United States, including nine Fellows of the Royal Society. "The gaps created by their departure have caused difficulties in certain important fields of scientific research in this country," the report states. The Royal Society committee restricted its survey to scientists who obtained their Ph.D. degrees in the United Kingdom, except those not normally resident in the country. Although the Ph.D. criterion excludes a considerable number of scientists in medicine and even more in engineering, the committee considered it impractical to extend the survey to scientists without Ph.D. degrees. It believed that restricting the survey to holders of the Ph.D. degree brought the elite fraction of Britain's university graduates under consideration.
IMC Reorganization Aims At World Markets International Minerals & Chemical is streamlining its approach to world markets. The company has consolidated domestic and overseas sales and marketing of its agricultural products into one international marketing group. Also consolidated into one international unit is the production of fertilizer ingredients. And to help develop new markets and ventures on a worldwide basis, IMC president T. M. Ware has created two new top management positions. These are vice president for new business development and vice president for overseas development. Affected by the reorganization are four top management personnel a t IMC. A. E. Cascino, who was vice president of the marketing division, has been appointed vice president for agricultural products marketing. He will head the new marketing group. The marketing group is also responsible for the production of mixed ferti-
A. E. Cascino
D. J. Stark
lizers. As vice president of agricultural products production, D. J. Stark will direct the domestic and overseas manufacture of agricultural chemicals and fertilizer ingredients. Formerly vice president of the agricultural chemical sales division, L. W. Gopp has been named vice president for new business development. His job will be to expand sales of IMC's agricultural products into new North American markets. Handling market development outside the U.S. and Canada will be C. S. Dennison, vice president for overseas development. Mr. Dennison had been vice president of the overseas division.
Lilly Revamps Research Organization Eli Lilly & Co. has realigned the makeup and administration of its research organization. Five scientific research divisions—pharmacological, biochemical, organic chemical, biological, and physicochemical—have been merged into two new expanded divisions, one for chemical research and the other for biology and pharmacology. Together with some key administrative changes, this move will help put more flexibility into Lilly's research efforts, according to Dr. Thomas P. Carney, vice president of research, development, and control. Appointed director of the new chemical research division is Dr. Frederick R. Van Abeele, formerly director of Lilly's antibiotics operations and, before that, head of its biochemical research. Dr. Otto K. Behrens has been named director of the biology and pharmacology division. He was in charge of biochemical research. Directors of the organic chemical, biological, and pharmacological research divisions have been appointed research advisers. In these new positions, they will be on a par with the two division directors and will report administratively to the executive di-
