Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 4925-4931
Brominated Flame Retardants in Glaucous Gulls from the Norwegian Arctic: More Than Just an Issue of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers JONATHAN VERREAULT,† WOUTER A. GEBBINK,‡ LEWIS T. GAUTHIER,‡ GEIR W. GABRIELSEN,† AND R O B E R T J . L E T C H E R ‡,* Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway, and Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
Several, unregulated, current-use brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,2bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), and hexabromocyclododecane (as total-(R)-HBCD), were examined in egg yolk and plasma of male and female glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from the Norwegian Arctic. Also examined were BDE209 and 38 tri- to nonaBDE congeners and brominated biphenyl (BB) 101. The HBB, BTBPE, PBEB, and PBT had high detection frequencies and variability in male and female plasma and egg yolk samples, and their concentrations ranged from nondetectable (MLOQ (see also Data Treatment). b Total-(R)-HBCD: thermal isomerization of β- and γ-isomers to R-HBCD. c Σ7hepta-BDE: sum of BDE171, 180, 181, 183, 184, 190, and 191. d Σ6octa-BDE: sum of BDE196, 197, 201, 202, 203, and 205. e Σ3nona-BDE: sum of BDE206, 207, and 208. f Σ38PBDE: sum of BDE17, 25, 28, 47, 49, 54, 66, 75, 77, 85, 99, 100, 116, 119, 138, 139, 140, 153, 154/BB153, 155, 156, 171, 180, 181, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, and 209. g Σ14OH-PBDE: sum of 6′-OH-BDE17, 4′-OH-BDE17, 4-OH-BDE42, 6-OH-BDE47, 3-OH-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, 6′-OH-BDE49, 4′-OH-BDE49, 2′-OH-BDE68, 6-OH-BDE85, 6-OH-BDE90, 6-OH-BDE99, 2-OH-BDE123, and 6-OH-BDE137. h Σ15MeO-PBDE: sum of 6′-MeO-BDE17, 4′-MeO-BDE17, 2′-MeO-BDE28, 4-MeO-BDE42, 5-MeO-BDE47, 6-MeO-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 4′-MeO-BDE49, 6′-MeO-BDE49, 2′-MeO-BDE68, 6-MeO-BDE85, 6-MeO-BDE90, 6-MeO-BDE99, 2-MeO-BDE123, 6-MeO-BDE137. i N.A.: not analyzed. a
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