CHARLES H.ORR Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
V E R Y SOON in the career of a graduate student the This numerical code can be generated for as many pairs background information, data, and information about of holes as is desired by t.he relation experimental techniques relevant to the graduate re3" outer row search problem accumulate to such an extent that in2 X 3" inner row formal notes are no longer sufficient to keep the material The code has the follo~l-ingrules: (1) a hole punched readily available. Faced with this problem, t,he stndent usually attempts some scheme of classification to either on the outer or inner row may not be punrhed provide an orderly may of filing and reclaiming the a second time; and (2) to obtain a number, select the information. Almost immediately he runs int,o the code uumbers which are the largest factors in the sum difficulty of classifying an abstract of an article. To equal to t,he number desired, with such exceutions as file the information properly requires either an arbi- required by ( I ) . For example, to code E , punch holes for 2 and 3; to trary selection of the most important piece of information and filing the card under t,hat heading, or making code V . ~ u n r hthe holes for 1. 3. and 18. On the card separate cards for each item of information and filing the holksalong the upper markiiat the left end marked these separately. The first method tends to lose in- A , G, and A are used for t,he author code. On this formation and the second method t,ends to make the particular card, the senior aut,horJslast name begins with t,he letter C, therefore the hole for 3 is to be file voluminous and unwieldy. The means of avoiding t,he loss of information and punrhed. The pencil notationG refers to the hole for of holding down the size of the files is found in the use number 3, i. e., G labels 3 on tshr outer row (sub~cript,~) of hand-sorted, marginally punched cards. These and 6 on the inner ran. (snhscript ,). punched cards make possible multiple classification THE SOURCE CODE of an abstract or even an individual item of infonnaThe value of a source code may he quest,ioned, but tion. The problem is then reduced to deriding upon a coding system which ~villpermit "filing for finding." it was felt that it wonld he used enough in searching for In the material that. follo~vsthe system set up by the information to Tvarrant it,s addit,ion to the card. To utilize the source code, separat,e 3-X 5-inch file cards author for his graduate research is outlined. The card used in this system (see the figure) is are maintained, with the cards filed alphabetically type KD585B, made hy the McBee Keysort Company according to source. This permits t,he assignment of a of Athens, Ohio. Its dimensions are 5 X 8 inches, number to each source as it appears in building up a with approximately 4 X 7 inches on each of the two file. The same numerical rode as was used for the sides available for recording information. There are author codes is used in coding the sources. The holes two rows of holes pnnched around the margin giving a labeled B through H along the top margin of the card are reserved for the source code, permitting a total of total of 182 holes for coding. On the card shown in the figure there is a copy of over 2200 sources to be coded if necessary. At the an abstract concerning the deposition of cobalt-tung- present time over fifty separat,e sources have been insten alloys. At the bottom of the card there is a nota- cluded. On the card in the figure, the source is the tion in pencil of the code for that particular card. The Journal of the Electrochemical Society, whirh happens code letters and numbers refer to particular holes around to be number 1 (noted on the card as Bo). To distinguish between patents and all other types the margin of the card. In setting up the system no of sources, use is made of the hole labeled T i n the upper attempt was made to use the printed notation around left hand corner of the card. If the card is made from the margins except to label the holes. a patent, the hole is punched, otherwise it is left unTHE AUTHOR CODE punched. I t mas decided to use the first letter of the senior anthor's last name in the author code. There being THE DATE CODE 26 letters in the alphabet a numerical code was selected The date code was included for the same general which would give 26 items with as small a number of reason a s the source code, i. e., seeking information holes utilized as possible. The numerical code is when only the date and some other fact is known about the particular card. In the date code the first outer outer row 1 3 9 hole, ID,corresponds to 1800 and the first inner hole, 11, 2 G 18 innerrow
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C k k , \altaE. and !L L. hlt Electrodsposition of cobalt-tmgsten a l l o y s from J. ~ s ~ t r o c b nsac. . 244-52 (1948) C.A. 4 j., 45 ( 1 x 9 )
r,
c i t r t t e bath
An aq. bath suitable f o r the electrodeposition of Co-W allvjs, cmtg. a o p r a . 508 W, i s described. The ktt c o n t ~ i n sCo sulfate, !la tungstate, and c i t r i c acid in the appmx. m l r a t i o of 1:l:l.S. k t h pI? of rbout 7 i s most s e t i s f & p n y and i s o b t h i e d by the addn. of !IYiOH. T h bath temp. should be 70 or a h . A c a t h ~ ec.2. of 15 amp/sq. Im. i s suitable, althocgh lover c.d#. decrease the 'n' content of the deposit only s l i g h t l y and r e s u l t in W h e r current efficiencies. Brieht c s t M e ",posits are a b i ~ i n e d over a vide m2'e of c.ds. Anoles of Co or of '.' or of both of these nehls, or of sore i l e r t m t e r i h l c m be used.
,!
~,-0,-~,-k.-~,-M,-19,3l,-3~-9&-~1,-33,-F*,-~,-p;,
m
~4
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t,o 1000. The remaining holes in the group .I through N, provide spares for the ternary code used for t,he aut,hor and sourre codes. The date of the article in the originnl reference on t,he card is 1948 so the holes corresponding to 1900,3, 18, aud 27 (I,, KO,L,, and Mo) are punched. THE SUBJECT CODE
Before settiug up the subject code, a relatively large number of references was collected, then an outline of the subject material desired was drawn up. I t was found that some items could be grouped under one major heading while others had to stand alone. A direct code, i. e., one-to-one correspondence between holes and topics, was chosen a s being the least ambiguous way of coding a relatively large group of topics. There are at, present 76 individual headings and 32 headings for individual materials, metals in this case. In the reference on the example card specific plating practice as regards acidity, concentration, current density, electrode metal, and temperature is indicated. The code rts set up has a major division for specific plating practice. The subtopics are: Acidity Addition agents Agitation Concentration of electrolyte Current density Current type
Geometry of the cell Surface structure and metal of the electrode
Temperr~ture Type of electrolyte Pretreatment
The subject code numbers are assigned to the outer and inner rows of holes on the bottom and left hand side of the card, which are numbered from 1 to 46. The
major division referring to specific plating pmrtire is lorated from numbers 31 to 36, outer m d inner boles. The topics listed in the left hand column ahove correspond to the outer ran- of holes and the ones listed in the right hand column to t.he inner row. The pencil notation on the card-310-340-35d21-331-thus refers to specific plat,ing practice ahont acidity, concentration of electrolyte, current density, metal of electrodes, and temperature. The rode numhers for t,he metals are assigned t,o the ont,er and inner r o m of holes along the right hand edge of the card labeled \ d l 1 the rhemical symbols for some of t.he elements. The pencil notation on the rardFee-Snl-Pinprefers to cobalt,, tungsten, and alloys. CODING AND PUNCHING I11 coding a card the reference is typed on the card first, then the reference is checked against the subject code and pencil notat,ion in code of the items present is made on the card. Finally, the holes are punched out. The punch used is the 5202 hand punch, a socalled deep punrh, sold by the McBee Company. In sorting for an author, a source, or a date, a sorting probe (a knitting needle works well) is pushed through the hole, in a stack of cards, which corresponds to the highest factor in the sum equal to the number searched for. All cards having that position punched then drop when the needle is lifted. The next highest factor is then sorted for and so on until the card, or a small group of cards remain. To sort for a specific topic or metal, the probe is inserted in the hole corresponding to that topic or
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
metal and the needle lifted. All cards punched for direct punching rules permit this) so that the cards that position will then drop. which dropped on the last sort made above, if a sort The inner hole on some cards will be punched in the is being made in the subject region of the card, should same position as the outer hole being sorted for. Both he hand sorted, looking at the pencil notation for the types of holes will cause cards to drop when the needle proper label. is lifted. In that case the outer hole is sorted for first, The book by Casey and Perry' supplies a great deal then those cards which drop are sorted for the inner more information for the formulation of systems such hole. In that case a11 cards not punched on the inner as the one here discussed. hole will remain on the sorting probe. In that part ' CASEY,R. S., AND J. W. PERRY,"Punchard Cards, Their of the card containing the subject code some cards Applications to Science and Industry," Reinhold Publishing will be punched both in the inner and outer holes (the Carp., New York, 1951.
