experiments, some discussions on the properties of the ions, and detailed procedures. The theoretical part is short of what many readers will want. For example, the rate of a chemical rereaction is stated to be proportional to the molarity "of each of the reactants raised t o a power equal to the number of molecules or ions of that substance appearing in the balanced equation for that reaction." This statement nmy be correct, but to lead beginning students to believe that molecularity and order are always the same is hard to justify. Another example is found in the discussion of the computation of the hydrogen io3 conoentration of NaHCOa solutions. It isinferred that the hydrogen ion concentration of NaHCOa solution is computed solely from the hydrolysis of HCOI- instead of considering the sum of the hydrolysis and the ionieation of HCO1as an aeid, or the disproportionation of HCOa- t o give [ H + ] =Other errors were not discovered, but many of the discussions are cursory. Part Two contains satisfactory procedures far analysis of the conventional groups, but no experiments t o make the student familiar with the properties of the individual ions precede the use of flowsheet type of procedures. In Part Two there are some equations which are erroneous. On p. 214 there appears the "equation" MnB+
OH+ 02+Mn02
On p. 222, the authors say the blue substance formed in the vanishing blue test is HzCrOs. This material was shown not to exist thirty years ago although some salts of the acid are known. The hlue substance is probably CrOs in which the oxidation state is +6. On the same page the startling "equation" 4HzCrOa
-
4Crs+
+ 1302 + 6H10
appears without apology. Part Two contains auestionable orocedures for saturating solutions with hydrogen sulfide. The reviewer seriously questions whether the authors have acromplished their stated objectives in an outstanding way in contrastto comparable texts. Only use will tell.
W. D. LARSON College of St. Thomas St. Pad, Minnesota
Spectroscopy. Volume 1. Atomic, Microwave. and Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy
S. Walker and H . Straw, both of the College of Technology, Leicester, England. The Macmillan Co., New York 1962. xix 267 pp. Figs. and tables 16 X 25.5 cm. 59.
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Spectroscopy. Volume 2, Ultra-Violet, Visible, Infra-Red. and Roman Spectroscopy
xvi
+ 386 pp.
$12
This subject is covered in two volumes whioh are designed t o be independent.
The volumes are directed t o the beginning research worker who wishes a comprehensive view of the field and to spectroscopists having specialized experience end desiring information on branches of spectroscopy outside of this specialty. The authors are physical chemists and their treatment is largely directed to chemical rather than physical applications. Volume 1 discusses atomic, molecular, and microwave spectra, as well as, electron spin and nuclear magnetic resonance. Molecular spectroscopy is not discussed in detail in this volume since i t constitutes the m a o r subject of Volume 2. Volume 2 contains chapters on molecular spectra including infrared, Raman and electronic and concludes with short chapters on phosphorescence, fluorescence, flames, and astrophysics, as well as applications of spectroscopic data in calculating force constants, dissaoiation energies, thermodynamic functions, etc. Almost every subject is illustrated by t ~ nexperimental example and a brief description of the pertinent instrumentation. Topics are treated very concisely but in considerable detail particularly with respect to spectral analysis. The classical approach is followed with results from quantum theory introduoed as necessary. A minimum of theory is presented even in the appendices which give bare outlines of quantum mechanical treatments of such subjects as intensities, selection rules etc. At the end of each chapter, references to more advanced treatises are given but the references do not include same recent works of which the reviewer is aware. There are few errors of commission, the most obvious omission is the absence of any treatment of refleetian spectroscopy. There are few typogrs,phicd errors, the terminology used is generally rigorous, and mathematical symbols conform t o general current practices. "Spectroscopy" in these volumes is understood to involve only electromagnetic radiation; ~ubjectssuch as mass spectroscopy are omitted. The volumes are not highly mathematical and require no more than a knowledge of the calculus. Spectra are considered primarily from the energy level paint of view and extensive use is made of energy level diagrams. Considerable space is devoted to questions of coupling between orbital momentum and electron and nuclear spins. These sections are clearly written and well illustrated. The authors' attempt to show the correlations between the different branches of speetroscopy is quitesuecessful. These are not textbooks and they will probably be unintelligible to the reader without previous background in spectroscopy. They represent an intermediate level treatment of practical spectroscopy. Their use for supplemental and reference reading is to he recommended. Someone preparing for serious work in spectroscopy will require more information than is to be found in these volumes. However, anyone conversant with the subject matter ss described here should he able to read current research papers in spectroscopy with considerable understanding. C. E. W ~ r n Nalional Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C.
Organic Syntheses.
Volume 42, 1962
Virgil Boekelheide, editor-in-chief. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1962. 118 pp. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $4.25. ix
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This latest volume of the series is once again a useful compilation of an array of organic reactions. The syntheses, 35 in number, range from the preparation of dlene, a valuable chemical intermediate, t o [2.21 paracyclophane, a compound of unusud geometry. The preparation of several cam~oundswhich can be used far specific areincluded: among these are 3@-acetoxyetienic aeid (resolution of alcohols), 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone (characterization of hydrocarbons), thiobeneoylthioglycolie acid (thiobenmylating agent), and N-iadasuceinirnide (iodination of en01 acetates). Among the useful chemical intermediates whose syntheses are presented are tetrolic acid, 2-cyelopentenone, 2-cyclopentene-1,4dione, ethylene sulfide and 2-norbornanone. I n general the syntheses require standard equipment and are not of the multistep, low yield variety. Twenty-four are scaled to give twenty or more grams of final product. The informative fourth section under each synthesis entitled Merits of Preparation now seems t o be firmly established after appeaing in some of the Volume 40 preparations and in all of those in Volume 41. LEROYW. HAYNES College of Wooster Wooster, Ohio
Principles of Radioisotope Methodology
Grafton D. Chase, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, and Joseph L. Rabinouritz, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 2nd. ed. Burgess Publishing Ca., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 371 pp. Figs. and 1962. viii tables. 22 X 28.5 em. $6.
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This revision of an earlier text by Chase is a considerably enlarged and greatly improved volume. As the title suggests, its main concern is with radioisotope laboratory techniques rather than with theoretical principles. However, most of the experiments are introduced with a brief treatment of the related theory and the detail is about as complete as could be expected in a volume of this type. More extensive use of diagrams, charts, and illustrations add to the attractiveness of this new edition. The clarity of the earlier work has been maintained, perhaps even somewhat improved. Each chapter of the text contains a lecture outline and study guide, an introductory statement of principles, laboratory directions, and in most cases, references t o the journal literature relating to the experiments. An unusually comprehensive group of detection instruments and methods is discussed. These include: electroscopes, electrometers (with consideration of the vibrating reed electrometer), proportional, Geiger, windowless flow, neutron, scintilla-
Volume 40, Number 8, August 1963
/
443
tion counters (including differential and integral methods) and liquid scintillation counters. Radiochemical separation techniques considered are, precipitation methods, solvent extraction, chromatography, and ion exchange. Among t h e experiments dealing with radioisotopes in analytical, organic, and physical chemistry is a brief treatment of neutron activation analysis. The appendices include: (1) Constants and Conversion Factors, (2) Glossary of Symbols, (3) Glossary of Nuclear Terms, (4) Table of Exponential Functions, (5) List of Reference Books, Periodicals, and Annual Reviews. The earlier edition of this text was, everything considered, a clearly written and informative volume which was particularly useful to colleges and universities offering laboratory instruction in nuclear and radiochemistry courses. In this edition minor errors have been eliminated, the style smoothed out, and important additions made (for example, differential pulse height analysis). All in all Chase and Rabinowitz have done an admirable piece of work in the revision of this manual.
andysis by mema of radioactive isotopes and emissions; activation analysis. Each of these broad fields is discussed in an exceptionally clear manner; little mathematics is used and only where its inclusion is obligatory; exceptionally good diagrams are provided; data are assembled into tahles. References to the literature are adequate and include a number of languages. Though the titles of the Russian references are given in Cyrillic, the corresponding authors' names are printed in Roman and hence the nbstracts can be N n down without difficulty. No directions are given for carrying out the various analvses but the nperator should have no difficulty in devising a set of working procedures to fit the individual problems from the information provided by the text and the cited original articles. This is an excellent hook and can he recommended for practieine chemists and advanced studmts. The price is reasonable. RALPAE. OEGPER University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio
It is particularly gratifying to see that this gargantuan effort of Dr. Rodd and his coll~homtors,begun well over a decade ago, has proceeded on schedule to full and successful fruition. The painstaking editorial care which has gone into the preparation of these volumes is attested by the total of a mere 174 corrertions listed in the "Corrigenda" sheets which have accompanied the individual parts of Dr. Rodd's series. The sheet accompanying the present Volume 5 lists only 17 corrections to Volumes 4B and 4C. In past reviews of earlier volumes in this series [.I. CHEM. EDUC., 30, 158 (1953); 33, 416 (1956); 34, A242 (1957); 35, 582 (1958): . .. 37.. 163 (1960): . . . 38. 588 (1961)l this reviewer has exmessed unaualificd admiration for the welilorganized, infomative, well-documented and u p t o d a t e chapters in Dr. Rodd's volumes. The present volume deserves a full measure of similar praise. There is no question that the "Chemistry of Carbon Compounds" series will remain the outstanding mediumsized compilation of organic chemistry for many years to come. Sta7lford Uniuersity Stanford, California
DONALD S. ALLEN State University of New York Albany Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Volume 5,Miscellaneour. General Index Radioaktive Isotope in der Analytirchen Chemie
L. M . Miehejeva and N . R. Michejeu (Moscow). Translated into German from Russian by Hermann Jaqer, Merseburg. Edited by Gisbert Grossmann, Technical University, Dresden. Akademie Verlag, East Berlin, 1962. 100 pp. Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 24 em. DM 13.0. Quantitative analysis has long since evolved beyond the stage a t which it employed only gravimetry, titrimetry, simple electrodeposition, and a few physical determinations such as density, refractive index, ete. Modern chemical analysis is eharrteteriaed by the catholicity of its procedures; it gladly accepts techniques from any source and skillfully adapts them to its own needs. "The development of individual fields in chemistry and physics constituted the impulse for the creation of modern electrochemical and optical analytical procedures. The present vigorous growth of physics and engineering oonfronts the analyst with new problems but a t the same time it provides him with a new aid-the radioactive isotopes." "This hook presents a study of the most important fields of application of radioisotopes and radiations in analytical chemistry." The principal topica included are treated in five main divisions. They are: determination of the solubility of slightly soluble compounds; copreeipitation processes and development of gravimetric andyticd methods employing radioactive isotopes; quantitative methods based on the use of radioactive isotopes; physical methods of quantitative
444 / Journal of Chemical Education
Edibed hv E. H . Rodd. American Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1962. xviii 912 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 em. $20 single volume.
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H. This volume concludes Dr. . Rodd's comprehensive five volume series (actually ten separate books) on the "Chemistry of Carbon Compounds," publication of which was commenced in 1951. Organic chemists familiar with this serie-as by now all must be-will recall that Volume 1 (two parts) treated Aliphatic Compounds, Volume 2 (two parts) ALieyelie Compounds, Volume 3 (2 parts) Aromatic Compounds and Volume 4 (three parts) Heterocyclic Compounds. The present and final Volume 5 consists of four miscellaneous chapters plus a 679-page general index to the entire series, totalling well over 55,000 separate entries. All in all, the ten parts to the complete series comprise almost 6000 . pages of textual matter. Each separate part of the series, of course, has its own separate index, which totals over 670 pages far the first four volumes (nine parts). There is no Author Index to m y of the volumes in the series. The four miscellaneous chapters of the present volume treat the subjects of The Preparation and Use of Isotopically Li~belled Organic Compounds, Natural Acetylenic Compoundrr, Developments in Carbohydrate Chemistry and The Structure of Proteins. The content of the first two chapters is self-explanatory from the titlea. The last two ohapters bring up to date the material published in 1952 in Chapters XX, X X I and X X I I of Vohme 1B of the series, summarizing new developments in these fields during the last decade.
Advances in Organic Chemistry: Methods and Results. Volume 3 Edited by Ralph A . Raphael, Glasgow University. Scotland; Edward C . Taylor, Princeton University, Princeton, S e w Jersey; and Hans Wynberq, Gronigen University, The Netherlands. Interscience Publishers (a division of John Wiley and Sons, Ine.), New York, 1963. 333 pp. Figrr. and tables. vii 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $13.75.
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I t has been said that success in organic synthesis, a t least when a complex polyfunctional structure is the goal, lies largely in the management of "blocking groups." As the structure is elaborated, various reactive sites are "blocked" by simple reactions which convert them to unreactive iunctions from which the latent reactive sites can easily be liberated when needed. The challenge is to choose "blocking" or protective groups which can be installed or removed selectively. In view of the importance of this problem, it is remarkable that no comprehensive review of protective groups had been published. This gap is now amply filled by two chapters in the present volume: Protective Groups, by J. F. W. McOmie, and Selectively Removable Amino Protective Groups Used in the Synthesis of Peptides, by R. A. Boissonnas. These complementary articles are both well done, and will be of great value to the professor as background for lectures and to the graduate student studying for cumulative examinations, as well as to the synthetic chemist. D. M. Brown's chapter on Phosphorylstian is a critical and comprehensive review of an important subject. Despite the recent appearance of other reviews on the same topic, i t will have permanent value.
(Continued on page A 6 M )
