book reviews particularly with supplementation by selected articles from the excellent bibliogranhv. could readily be adjusted to a two . currently a se&e&er period. ~ r Inglis, professor of physics a t the University of Massachusetts (Amherst), has been directly involved with much of what he writes about, having been for 20 years senior physicist a t Argonne National Laboratory. His concern about the sociopolitical aspects of nuclear energy is evidenced moreover by his membership on the editorial board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (now, Science and Public Affairs) and on the board of directors of SANE and the National Committee for Nuclear Responsibility as well as having been chairman of the Federation of American Scientists. Perusal of the index as well as the topic sub-headings in the chapters indicates that essentially all significant subjects are mentioned and explained. The economy of presentation that minimizes the amount of elementary physies-it occupies less than 70 pages of the main text-is accomplished by confining it to those concepts which lead to the treatment of reactors and weapons. Thus in the first three chapters, there are presented the basic physical ideas (velocity, momentum, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, etc.), basic nuclear and atomic structure (atomic number, scattering, nuclear forces, binding energies, fission, isotope separation, etc.), and power plant fundamentals (pressure-temperature relationships, Carnot efficiency, and electricity generation). Even in this material, Dr. Inglis uses metaphores to clarify and emphasize points such as far example, ihe difference in bebavior between the components of an atom and those of a nucleus which may be likened to that "between s dictatorship and an ideal democracy." Following is a chapter concerning the use of nuclear reactors as power sources. The concept of a chain reaction and critical mass (using the mouse-trap-with-cork analog model) and the slow-neutron chain reaction are discussed in moderate detail as are water-moderated reactors and brerding. Some typical operating rrartors in the 1J. S . are dr.;rribed. followed by a consideration of the fission products and their decay. An account of reactor stability, safety, and accidents cites actual incidents. A subsequent chapter is concerned with the effects and uses of radioactive products. Considered are medical and iudustrial uses of radiation, radiation damage, and radioactive wastes and their disposal. The last four chapters focus on the control of fissile materials, fusion, and solar energy as possible power sources for future needs, nuclear, explosives (A- and Hbombs, "clean" and "dirty" bombs, fallout, deterrence), and aspects of the arms race. Each of the nine chapters contains at its conclusion a set of review questions and problems. Beyond these chapters there are over 100 pages of appendix, about half of whieh are devoted to description in greater detail of some sophisticated scientific concepts. The other 50 pages are ~ 4 /2 Journal ot Chemical Education
particularly valuable because they present selected excerpts from some of the important historical documents relating to the decision to use the A-bomb, the handling and safeguards of nuclear materials, and the arms race. Reading and discussion of these documents, as well as those articles listed in the bibliography, can but only increase our awareness of Professor Inglis' emphasis throughout on the social challenge pre.sented by the "nuclear fire" which "in its promise can also increase its threat. The must grow balance is delicate, and man in his knowledge of the new fire and use his wisdom well if he is to reap its promise and evade its threat." In conclusion, Professor Inglis has provided a carefully written and well balanced account of a major issue where intelligent decisions me a function of technical as well as political understanding. It could well serve as an exemplary model for assisting nonscientists to achieve scientific literacy about current problems confronting our technocratic society.
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James A. Go dman kew
script before publication, With this input, the reader might have been given some feeling for the relative usefulness of each analysis for the diagnosis of a given disease. The medical information is presented in a non-critical encyclopedic fashion. The form of the manual leaves much to he desired. There are numerous typographical errors and the graphs are, in the main, poorly done. The writing style, however, is good throughout. Many will argue with the distribution of the material in the text. The infra-red chapter is larger than the section dealing with enzyme analysis. Most clinical chemists do not share the author's view that enzyme kinetics is a "novel" method of clinical analysis. In summary, I see this manual as a good first step in providing teaching material for clinical students. Its major drawback is its questionable medical information whieh should be corrected if it has a second edition. T. R. Williams
The Coliege 01 Wooster Wooster. Ohio 44691
Vork Gty Communily College Brooklyn, New York 11201
Chemical Instrumentation-A Systematic Approach to Instrumental Analysis Chemical Instrumentallon:A Laboratory Manual Based on Clinical Chemistry
Gory T Bender, University of Wisconsin, La Cmsse. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1972. xi 291 pp. Figs. and tables. 18.5 X 26cm. $9.50.
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In recent years there has been an increased effort to train more clinical chemists. Unfortunately, there are few texts available whieh give typical clinical experiments and also provide some theoretical background far these measurements. A new tent, "Chemical Instrumentation: a Laboratory Manual Based on Clinical Chemistry" has been written by Gary Bender, in an attempt to meet this need. The laboratory manual was written to provide typical experiments far persons studying medical technology. The manual contains brief theoretical discussions preceding each experiment. A list of the illnesses related to the material assayed is provided with each experiment. Finally, an experimental procedure in great detail is prbvidedfor each assay. The reviewer feels that this manual will find its greatest use in the training of medical technologists. Many professors of analytical chemistry may find the book interesting and may be spurred to incorporate a clinical chemistry experiment into their beginning analytical course. I am not certain that this manual will find users from medical school faculties. The author states that he takes no responsibility for the medical authenticity of his manual. This may cause some to avoid using this text. In my opinion, this manual would have been a more substantial effort if a competent clinical chemist, familiar with the medical implications of clinical procedures, had carefully reviewed the manu-
Howard A. Strobel, Duke University. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Reading, Mass., 1973. xxii + 903 pp. Figs. and tables. 24 X 16.5cm. $22.50. This second edition of an already wellreceived book (1st edition 1960) bas so much new material and reorganization that in essence it constitutes a new book. The systematic physical measurement approach is the main tie to the first edition. New material includes nmr spectrometry, single sweep and pulse polarography, mass spectrometry, operational amplifiers, signal-to-noise optimization, digital eleetronics, and monochromators. The topics of fluommetry, flame spectrometry, Raman spectrometry and chromatography have been expanded to chapter length. The organization of the material has been rearranged as follows: basic electronics, basic optics, spectrometric methods, other optical methods, electroanalytic methods, and other instrumental methods. The style of writing is clear and readable although the amount of material covered and the level of sophistication make the book difficult to use as a text for undergraduate instrumentation courses without preselection of topics by the instmdor. Professor Strobe1 makes suggestions concerning this use in his preface, but I do not believe his suggestions are detailed enough. At the graduate level courses acceptance should be common. The e m ~ h a s i sof the text is verv strane on understanding mrtrument dearw from the viru,poinr uf circuity and optics. Limitations of design and usage are discussed for all components from signal generation tothe newer types of readout devices. (Continued on page A46)
book reviews I admire the work mwtly far its value as a reference hook for analytical chemists and for courses in chemical instrumentation. No other book in the field contains so much material presented in such a logical manner under one cover. Roben W. Schaefer unlon C 0 l k p
Schenecfady,New York 12308
Experimental Organic Chemistry Arnold J. Krubsack, University of Southern Mississippi. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, Mars., 1973. xvi + 445 pp. Figs. and tables. 19.5 X 25 em. $9.95. This laboratory text aims a t a middle ground between the "cookbook" approach and the "honors" approach. The idea is to start the student with a modified cookbook approach, showing him how the procedure is developed as well as presenting a detailed procedure. The text will then "wean" him from this until he is confident enough to perform at the honors level. The initial experiment (after a standard melting point experiment) involves the separation, purification, determination of purity, and identification of the components in a ternary mixture. This experiment takes the student through extraction, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography (vapor phase and thin layer), and (optionally) spectroscopy (ir, uv, nmr, mass) in a logical set of operations, rather than the trivial, isolated exercises of the usual laboratory manual. Each topic is discussed thoroughly in theory and in nraetice. ineludine aooaratus used. how it is handfed. and the operations performed with it. These five chapters form a sound reference section for the ahove experiment as well as for funhpr lahoratory work. The reference information in this text compares favorably with that which the old Fieser laboratory text (Heath, 1941) provided for its day. Following a brief chapter on the organic chemical literature, a number of synthesis experiments exemplify various organic reactions. Only the first has a detailed procedure, development of which from the properties of reagents and products, reaction parameters, and the available apparatus and materials is fully discussed. Subsequent experiments give the possible reagents, solvents, special handling problems, possible separation procedures, and the characteristics of the possible reactions. Enough discussion is provided to allow the student to develop his own procedure with some guidance. In Later experiments, the student is expected to refer to the literature far some information. In every case, the text discusses the mechenism and related theory of each reaction. The appendices give details for scientific report (or paper) writing and solvent purification.
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/ Journal of Chemkal Educafion
It is difficult for a chemistry teacher to give an unbiased evaluation of a labmatory text or manual as he would always prefer a different organization, a different type of experiment, ete. For example, this reviewer finds the poverty of chemical identification or classification experiments (with their rapid and effective illustration of functional group reactions) distasteful. Similarly, this reviewer would prefer more emphasis on physical organic experiments, less on synthesis for syntbesis'sake. Some quantitative and qualitative studies are provided, such as determination of the equilibrium constant of an esterification, analysis of the organametallic reagent content of a solution, and determination of the ratio and structures of products of a reaction by chromatography and nmr. It is readily apparent that this is a text capable of huilding independent thought, technical competence, and faeilitv for ulannine in oreanic - chemistrv student*, prnwded'that the laboratory teacher works hard to make thc srudenta read. mterpret, and look our for prtfalls There are some weaknesses, such as the inclusion of same questionable reaction mechanisms. Nevertheless, on the whale, Kruhsack has provided a worthwhile and original contribution to laboratory teaching methodology, if not to the secondary reference literature of organic chemistry. L. Oliver Smith Valparabo University Yalparaiso, Indiana 46383
only the methods described in the particular section hut also require the application of synthetic methods considered ~reviously. The organization of the subject matter will be very helpful to the student who has used a textbook based upon the functional group approach since he will now see grouped together a variety of methods for synthesis of carhon-carbon bonds, the many applications of displacement reactions and so on. A section on the planning of multistep syntheses serves to illustrate how many of the type reactions in the previous sections can he used and in what order to affect a desired transformation, The next to last section presents problems in interpretation of experimental data. The data in these pmhlems are primarily chemical. Some spectral data are given but the student will have to rely primarily on his understanding of chemical reactions to solve the problems. The last section is entitled special problems in synthesis and structure analysis. As the title suggests, these are problems of a more advanced level. The student who faithfully and systematically uses this workbook should develop an appreciation of organic synthesis and the skills necessary for the solving of many problems in organic synthesis. L. W. Haynes The College of Wooster Woosfer. Ohio 44691
Advances In Linear Free Energy Relationships Workbook In Organic Chemistry. Exercises in the Properties, Behavior, and Synthesis 01 Organic Compounds
T. A. Geissman, University of California, 1972. xii 245 pages. 17.5 X 24.5 em. Paperbound, $4.95.
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This book's subtitle, "Exercises in the Properties, Behavior, and Synthesis of Organic Compounds," accurately describes the scope of the workbook. Dr. Geissman, drawing on his experiences as a teacher of organic chemistry a t the undergraduate level, has designed exercises which will greatly aid the student in understanding the chemistry and preparation of organic compounds. After three brief introductory sections on establishing the constitution of an organic compound, bonding and the shapes of organic molecules, and stereochemistry, there follow seven sections on type syntheses: carbon-carbon hond formation by reactions of the aldol type, carhon-carbon hond formation by the use of Grignard reagents and other organometallic compounds, earbon-carbon bond formation by C-alkylation and C-acylation of carbon anions, the Wittig Syntheses, nucleophilic displacement, aromatic suhstitution reactions, and midation reactions. Each section contains a well-illustrated intmduction to the synthetic method(s1 plus numerous exercises for which answers are provided, either within the section or at the end of the hook. The exercises use not
Edited by N. B. Chapman and J. Shorter, The University, Hull. Plenum Press, New York, 1972. xiv + 486 pp. Figs. and tables. 23.5 X 15.5 cm. $28.W. Despite the word "advances" in the title, this hook is not necessarily intended to he the forerunner of a series nor are the discussions of various topics by the various authors necessarily limited only to the most recent material. On the other hand, the discussions tend to he highly condensed and controversial points are identified rather than resolved. The hook will therefore be useful as an anotated hihliography and for its 37 tables rather than as a text. The critical and scholarly chapter on the present status of the Hammett equation by 0. Exner (802 ref!) contains some authoritative comments on the statistical analysis of LFER's as well as useful tables of parameters. A well written chapter on reagent structural effects by R. G. Pearson (71 ref) s w e y s the factors affecting the behavior of generalized acids and bases. Chapters on optical spectroscopy by A. R. Katritzky and R. A. Topsom (155 ref) and on nmr suhstituent effects by M. T. Trihhle and J. G . Traynham (595 ref) should pmve useful in the mowing application of LFER's to spectroscopy. The chapter by I. A. Koppel and V. A. Palm on solvent effects (230 ref) discusses four independent variables characteristic of solvents: dielec(Continued onpageA48)
