sian adds style to the methodical textual presentation. The appendices, preceded by a 10-page glossary, contain exponents and notation, slide rule, isotopes, electronic configurations, water vapor pressures, logs, and a handy square root table. George F. Martins Newton High School Newtonville. Mass. 02160
Chemistry and Society
clear and readable style, and there is an attempt t o relate the discussion of specific topics to the principles which were developed earlier. The lecturer will probahly want t o do more of this. The text contains problems and study questions a t the end of each chapter, including some "open-ended" questions. Unfortunately for the students no answers are given even for the numerical problems. Possibly the main idea that a student using this book will retain after the course ends is the importance of energy in chemistry, in science and t o mankind. For the nonscience student to have obtained a firm mental grasp on a t least one major concept during the course may be a sufficient accomplishment t o justify trying this textbook.
Leo Sehubert, The American University, and Luis A. Veguilla-Rerdecio, Universi-
Carl W . Moeller The University of Connecticut S t o m . Connecticut 06268
tv of Puerto Rim. Allvn and Bacon. Inc.. Boston, 1972. ix + 341 pp. Figs. and ta. bles. 24 x 19.5 cm. $11.50. This is another in the growing list of textbooks written for the nonscience students. It would be appropriate for a onesemester course since it contains 16 chapters each of which can be covered in about three class periods. The first 9 chapters are strongly ariented toward physics. Concepts such as chemical solutions, concentration, chemical equilibria, groups of elements, etc., are barely described, while electrical units, enthalpy, entropy, free energy, quantum numbers, ete., are mare thoroughly considered. Later in the book about two pages are spent on oridatian-reduction and two pages an acid-base concepts. Threaded throughout the book are discussions af energy with topics ranging from gravitational energy to several pages on nuclear energy. Much of the discussion of chemical reactions is related t o the energy changes rather than to the substances inlolved. One has the impression that too many topics are introduced in these 9 chapters and many of the principles are developed inadequately to help the student acquire a good understanding of the concepts involved. Unless the students using the hook had previously had good training in pbysics and the early chapters were functioning as a review. it would reouire mast of a semeilQr to rxpdnd uff~clenrlythe coveraw of rhat materlal Alternat~velyiomr of the topics might he ~gnmedm order to rrplain fewer concepts and to devote more time to the last half of the book. The intent of the authors is to develop in the early chapters some principles of chemistry and physics and to show that their development was logical, but to omit, as much as possible, the "facts." Then in the latter half of the book the principles are applied to a discussion of some chemical topics to which the nonscience students can relate through their own experiences or general reading. These chapters involve the reader with the chemistry of living systems, diseases and poisons, food and nutrition, and the environment, as well as with chemical technology and energy conversion. Since this is the material which the students will find t o he of considerable interest, i t is desirable to get to these chapters as quickly as passihle and to spend a good portion of the semester an them. They are written in a ~~~~
A184 1 Journal of Chemical Education
Introduction to Analysis
Quantitative
Chemical
Ernest Gmnwold, Brandeis University, and Louis J Kirshenboum, University of Rhade Island. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1972. xiv + 370 pp. Figs. and tables. 24
X
16.5 cm. $11.95.
This text, designed for a one-semester course a t the freshman or (more apprapriately) sophomore level, most assuredly cannot be viewed as "just another quant book", for in fact it is the most innovative treatment of elementary analytical chemistry to appear in many years. The major departure of this text from conventional practice is a generalization of "wet" methods, avoiding the usual classification by "reaction type" (acid-base, redox, etc.). Instead, following several introductory chapters, the authors deal with aqueous acid-base, silver halide precipitation, redox, and EDTA titrations in a single thirty-page chapter (Volumetric Analysis in Aqueous Solution). By so doing, f i e authors minimize the redundaey which usually results when each of the common "Sshaped titration curve methods" is treated as a distinct entity. Following the Volumetric Analysis chapter (which, for many instructors, will be the heart of the text), appear two superb chapters on solvent effects upon acid-base reactions and ionic equilibria in general, two excessively detailed chapters on the shapes of titration curves end errors in titrimetry, one chapter on indicators, and a final chapter dealing with Instrumental Analysis of Liquid Solutions. A second section presents laboratory instrudions and experiments. Efforts to generalize the presentation of traditional analytical chemistry are long overdue; an instructor of introductory analytical chemistry can hardly fail to ohtain many new ideas for his own course by carefully perusing this hook. Whether i t will succeed in the classroom milieu is an entirely different matter which will, I suspect, depend critically upon the nature of the student clientele. The book is heavily weighted toward titrimetry, and does not provide a balanced view of analytical
chemistry. There are some noteworthy omissions. For instance, the general treatment of errors in analytical measurements is handled in a cursory .fashion (the Gaussian error curve, the qualitative significance of which is easily apprehended by sophomores, is not discussed, the term "standard deviation" never appears, and the operational distinctions between randam and determinate errors are never clearly made). Likewise, separation techniques go virtually unmentioned; the term "chromatography" appears nowhere in the text. Additionally, as the authors emphasize in their preface, instrumental teehniques are not emphasized, for the logical reason that sophomore-level students generally have not had sufficient physics to grasp these methods thoroughly. In fact, Grunwald and Kirschenhaum have prepared a textbook oriented almwt eaclusively around analytical solution ehemistry. My own feeling is that the suitability of this teat for adoption depends substantially upon whether the students in the course will encounter additional coursework in analytical chemistry in their undergraduate careers. If the answer t o this question is "yes", this teat should receive serious consideration, If, however, the course includes appreciable numbers of pre-medical students, engineers, or others who will encounter little, if any, additional work in analytical chemistry, this text has serious limitations. It does not attempt t o deal with the general approach to analyzing complex samples. There are some major omissions, especially chemical separation methods. Likewise, while the typical sophomore's background in physics is likely to be rudimentary, it is highly desirable to include a careful presentation of the most important instrumental methods and their limitations in any course containing a significant number of students who are not chemistry majors. One might argue that concentration upon titrimetry to the virtual exclusion of other analytical measurement procedures is undesirable even in courses populated by a high proportion of chemistry majors. With this important eamot, Grunwald and Kirschenhaum represents a refreshing departure from traditional practice, and it should greatly assist instructors of analytical chemistry to reevaluate their own approaches to presenting the more traditional aspects of quantitative analysis. Earl L. Wehrv
Un~vers~~y 01 Tennessee Knoxville. Tennessee 37916
Chemical Quantitative Analysis. A New Approach
Sibilla E. Kennedy, Esther B. Sparberg, and Frances S. K . Sterrett, all of Hofstra University. Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, 1972. xaii 362 pp. Figs. and tables. 27.8 x 21 cm. $6.
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This is an analytical chemistry laboratory manual intended, primarily, far use in general chemistry. It contains directions (Continued on page A188)
book reviews for fifteen experiments in addition to enercises on the Bunsen burner and glassware manipulation. Its five major sections are headed (1) gravimetric analysis, (2) volumetric analysis, (3) speetrophotometric analysis, (4) ion exchange analysis, and (5) electroanalytical procedures. The immediate objectives in most of the experiments are an introduction to a quantitative technique and the determination of some species hut some of the experiments have a broader scope. Under gravimetry are experiments involving the synthesis of silver chloride and finding its empirical formula and the determination of K,,, AH" and A S ' for lead chloride from solubility measurements a t different temperatures. Spectrophatometric experiments include determinations of formulas of complexes by Job's method and a n extractive oroeedure for determinine mercuequipment. A well done, brief, historical and theoretical section precedes each experiment; these introductions give some feeling not only for the significance of each prototype experiment hut also for the excitement of lahoratory work. Each experiment is also preceded hy a series of questions intended to focus student attention on important concepts involved in the experiment. However, in practice, the bulk of the prequestions are addressed t o necessary hut trivial experimental details. Each experiment requires several lahoratory periods; the directions clearly indicate numerous acceptable stopping points. Since the content of all experiments except the first two includes (for a freshman) sophisticated concepts, there may he problems of articulation between lecture and laboratory. All the experiments appear to be labaratory-tested hut a few may require unusual experimental skills to ohtain satisfactoryresults despite equipment compromises. The manual suffers from numerous shortcomings. Some are trivial hut disconcerting, e.g., two of the first three solveil examples have incorrect answers. Others are more serious. There are man" in-
ures and errors but no statistics) contains misleading examples and is too confusing and abridged to educate the ignorant. There is much material that, no doubt, fits the authors' course perfectly but detracts from the manual's general utility. The authors suggest that the manual could also be used in a one semester quantitative analysis course. The inclusion in each experiment of a tabular notebook format listing each data item and each run is sufficient to rule out usage in any advanced course. Over 200 of the manual's 372 pages are quadrille-ruled blanks; many of the text pages are largely white space or consumed by photographs. Roger H . Weiss California State University. Humboldt Arcata, Caiifornia 95521
A188 / Journaiot Chemical Education
Organic Chemistry. A Concise Approach Frederie M. Menger. Douid J. Goldsmith, and Leon Mandell, all of Emory University. W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Menlo Park, Calif., 1972. xii 450 pp. Figs. and tables. 24 x 16.5 em. $9.95.
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The authors have designed their text for a short course in organic chemistry. The preface states: "a text for a,short course in chemistry frequently brings to mind a book which sacrifices theory for the sake of brevity. The authors of 'Organic Chemistry' were determined not to make this sacrifice." The authors wish to give the student a hroad appreciation of the subject by combining modern physical organic chemistry with synthetically useful reactions. The text is organized along lines of theory. Bonding, inductive and resonance effects are discussed first (Chapters 1 and 2) followed by the introduction of functionality of classes of organic compounds. Equilibria and reaction rates are discussed in Chapter 4 and an early introduction of stereochemistry (Chapter 5) allows these concepts to he used throughout the diseussion of reactions. Chapter 6 provides an excellent presentation of structure elucidation and molecular spectroscopy. The main section on chemical reactions (Chapt e n 7-13, 183 pages) deals with suhstitution, elimination, addition, aromatic substitution, carbonyl, rearrangement and oxidatian-reduction reactions. Emphasis in these broad classes of reactions is mainly on mechanisms. The final chapter (31 pages) is on special topics. These include carbohydrate chemistry, amino acids, peptides and proteins, with emphasis an structure, praperties and synthesis, natural products including the terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids and laboratory and hiosynthesis. An appendix is given on nomenclature and each chapter ends with a good callectian of related, appropriate questions which range from easy to challenging. Answers are given to most of these problems a t the back of the book. The printing of the text is goad; the two-color presentation follows no particular pattern but is useful in drawing attention to the central feature of the illustration or reaction; the text is nearly free of typographical errors. Unfortunately, no suggested further reading assignments a t the end of each chapter are given to stimulatestudent interest. This reviewer questions the pedagogical value of discussing the nmr spectrum of cyclohexane a t different temperatures in illustrating various conformers before nmr spectroscopy has been discussed and of listing various compounds of the same class (e. g., Fig. 3.3, p. 48 "some amines") without any explanation of their importance, differences or uses. Also, it is surprising because of the orientation of this text and the authors' statement in the preface that concepts of orbital symmetry control of certain organic reactions are not discussed. Overall, students enrolled in an organic short course should find this text intellectually exciting and gratifying; however, it may he beyond the ability of some students, especially those who take organic
chemistry without a strong inclination for a background in science. Students who successfully use this text should be well prepared for an additional course in organicor a short course in biochemistry. Augwtine Silveira. Jr. SUNY O s w e p , New York 13126
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry: Theory and Application
George B. Butler, University of Florida, and K. Damell Berlin, Oklahoma State University. The Ronald Press Company, New York, N.Y., 1972. x + 1113 pp. Figs. and tables. 24 X 16.5 cm. $16.50. This text approximates that of Hendrickson, Cram and Hammond in organization hut, in contrast to the latter, spends more time (303 pages out of 1024) on the presentation of basic material. In this respect i t is more like the classic text by Fuson and Snyder. This basic material is presented as Part I, Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry, and Part 11, The Vocabulary of Organic Chemistry and The Intereonversion of Organic Compounds, and, as the authors suggest, could be covered within a normal semester. The material in this section is well written and avoids the introduction of too many new concept. Such nn nppronch \hmld appeal more to srudcnrs than to in. structors., The chapters beyond the elementary material are subdivided into Part 111, Energetics, Reaction Rates and Stereochemistry; Part IV, Identification and Structure Determination; Part V, The Mechanism of Oreanic Reactions: and Part VI, ~pplications'of Fundament'al Principles to Some Complex Structures. This material is well written and complete in its presentation. All the chapters have suggested readings and prohlems. The latter not only summarize the material presented hut also deal with synthesis and presentation of concepts and reactions which have not been developed in the chapter itself hut which may appear later. Assignments of problems by the instructor will be therefore necessary if the student is to become aware of this material. The synthesis prohlems are especially important since the text stresses mechanisms over syntheses and applications. Criticism of the organization is minor. The presentation of nitriles with nitro compounds and amines instead of with acids, amides, etc., deemphasizes the relationship of the nitriles t o the acids. The number of errors and omissions is small. The formulas for resorcinol, p. 278, 8-2,3,4,6-tetra-0-methyl-o-glucose, p. 959, and B, problem 14 (p. 660) are incomplete, Benedict's solution, the preferred reagent in sugar chemistry, is never mentioned. The conversion of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid to ascorbic acid, p. 968, can he accomplished thermally. The strength of this text is the excellent presentation of basic material with a min(Continued on page AJ90)
