book reviews pressure; and st the use in Table 4-4 of the phrase "vapor pressure" for "pressure of the vapor." Boltamann, too, is undonbtedly gyrating in his grave over the repeated use of R instead of k in his relation. in my view, esA more serious pecially with regard to beginning, and perhaps terminal, students of chemistry, for whom t,his monograph is intended, is the frequent implication, not confined to this work, that thermodynamics, in particular, and science, generally, can do things that, in fact, it eennot do. After the fine remark (p. 33) that "We build our theories to fit these facts, and then we base our expectstions an these theories," we read that "thermodynamics tells us what reaction3 can actually occur," "thermodynamics defines the possible," "We see that the fme energy predicts the spontaneous condensatia of water vapor to the liquid," and so forth, although to "tell," "define," and "predict" these things we need tables of data that are generally based in part, sometimes wholly, on the very experiments we are defining and We read, also, (p. 162) that "we have seen how the Eauilibrium Law can be derived from thermodynamic argument,sN (we haven't, and can't). And, most astonishingly, we are informed (p. 136) that "With disconcerting confidence, we can predict that smog, like other threats to hnmr~nexistence, will ultimately yield in the face of our understanding of thermodynamics, reaotion kinetics, and chemical bonding." Still, this is an important book. Important books can often, of course, be improved. But get a copy. You may like it, and so may your students.
their determination, and rsctivabion enP m e u l a r detail is given to the discussion of the steadv state hvnothesis. Much of Chapter 2 (~;~erimenialMethods, 36 pages) is directed toward reactions involving free radicals and atoms with sttention given to the generation and analysis of those species. The discussion is in general quite qualitative. Chapter 3 (70 pages) starts with collision theories from the hard sphere assumption, proceeds to the introduction of more squared terms thsn the two for kinetic energy along the line of centers and applies t,his line of thought to unimolecular reactions via t,he Lindemann hypothesis and classical versions of the theories of Rice, Ramsperger, KasselandMarcus, andeompares these with themodels of Slater and of Gill and Laidler.
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kinetics often advised for the beginning graduate student needing to extend his knowledae of physical chemistrv and . . mathematics.
FRANK H. VI,:RHOEK The Ohio Stale University Columbus, Ohio
Chemical Separation Methods
John A. Dean, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Van Nostrand Reinhold 398 pp. Co., New York, 1969. xiii Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 om. $12.95.
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I n this hook, emphasis has been placed on chromatographio techniques. I t eansists of 15 chapters covering complexation reactions, liquid-liquid extractions, general t.he formulation of the rate constmt in principles of chromatography, different terms of partition functions, and then in experimental forms of chromatography, terms of enthalpies and entropies of rtctivamembrane separation methods, and election. I n t,he topics considered, the author trophoresis. had done an excellent job of steeringclear of I n the first chapter, the author classifies some of the conceptual errors of earlier the various separation methods and briefly treatments. Unfortunately, only the discusses the selection and evaluation of hriefest of interludes is accorded to the them. The subject of complexation is principles and results of molecular beam introduced in the second chapter and is experiments, though in Chapter 2 the referred to several times in later chapters. author states "no other technique [thsn Chapter 3, on liquid-liquid extractions, the crossed molecular beam method] can includes distribution relations, nature of yield such detailed information ahont the partition farces, methods of conducting dynamics of elementary chemical proextractions, solvent systems, and countercesses." Chapter 4 (59 pages) contains current distribution. The discussions of short paragraphs and tables giving the chromatographic techniques begin with Arrhenius parameters for 171 examples of Chapter 4, in which the development of the elementary reactions, and devotes the reehromatogram and the dynamics of maining 55 pagos of the chapter to a dischromatography are discussed. The next cussion of chain reaet,ions. Specific ex- 8 two chapters are devoted to ion-exchange. amples of straight-chain processes disThe first deals with resinous ion-excussed comprise the para to ortho hydrochangers, in which theory and practice of gen conversion, the reaction of hydrogen ion-exchange as well as ion-exchange with the halogens, the pyrolysis of et,hrtne, chromatography are discussed in detail. and addition polymerization, Thermal exThe next chapter deals with specialized HENRY A. BENT plosions are compared with branched-chain ion-exchange systems, such as, cellulose North Carolina State University explosions, and a n abbreviated discussion and gel exchanges, inorganic ion-exchange Roleiqh, N . C. 87607 of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction and crystals, and ion retardation. Adsorpsufficient, mention of hydrocarbon oxidation, liquid-liquid partition, paper, and tion to introduce the phenomenon of cool thin-layer chromatography are discussed flames and the concept of degenerade in Chapters 7 through 10, respectively. Gas Kinetics branching condude t,he chapter. An Chromatographic media, theoretical prinAppendix of eight pages, entitled The ciples, and applications of the different G . L. Pratl, University of Sussex, Calculation of Equilibrium Constants of techniques are covered. Gas chromatogEngland. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Gaseous Reactions by Statistical Mechanraphy is taken up in chapter 11. Those 246 pp. Figs. New York, 1969. ix ics (A Simple Non-Rigorous Treatment) is readers who are familiar with the chapters and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $9.50. included. on gas analysis and gas chromatography in the text "Instrumental Methods of The stvle of the book is terse and deI l r t,he preface the author states: "The Analysis," will recognize this chapter. rapid expansion of research in kinetics bas There are, however, additional discussions made it increasingly difficult to provide a stepwise to the conclusions, and in several a n special detect,or systems that are comsummary of the present, state of knowledge monly used today. Chapter 12 is devot,ed places only the end results are given. The in all detailed aspeet,s of t,his field. . . By to exclusion chromatography. The topics problems which appear s t the ends of rest,ricting the field to homogeneous gas discwsed are gel permeat,ion (gel filtraChapters 1, 3, and 4 (answers are given) kinetic and concentrat,ing on the princican mostly be solved by searching the tion), inorganic molecular sieves, and ion nlcs. hot,h theoretieill and exnerimental. I chant,ers for the sooronriate eoustion in exclusion. Membrane techniques, such as s , h i d t~ sulwlitut~.rlw qua!.titir%~ i v e in ~ t dialysis, electrodialysis, ult,rafiltration, t l w pml,lt!m klal procrrdihg w i t h the i n & electrodecantation, and gas permeat,ion wted iodlhwnatin. TIw iiuthm h..., done through solids, are treated briefly from the degree courses in gas kinet,ics." v l m t he set m t to do; he h ; ~ -prepared n standpoint of theory and practice in Within this carefully restricted boundvww of thv prwent .1:1111. 111 h ~ ~ m o g w > e o u Chapter ~ 13. Chapter 14 deals with elecs t y , which itdudes no ment,ion of heteroen< kinrtir.; for the nritiih undrrernd ante. trophoresis and it is divided into three geneous reactions nor of reactions in sohi n American teacher who is ahleto soend seat,ions: free-houndarv electronhoresis. i.ion, nor of reactions in the solid state, the zone elect,rophoresis, and continuous elecnul,hor has done s competent job. trophoresis. The mejar portion of the The book is divided into four chapt,e~s. Chapter 1 (49 psges) discusses I'eact~ion ably not as satisfactory for that coursein (Continued on page AS98) rate and m1.e laws, ordelr of reaction and
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Journal of Chemicol Educafion
book reviews chapter is devded to zone electrophoresis. Chapter 1.5 covers miscellaneous methods and it is divided into five sections. The sect.ion on distilletion and evaporation covers organic elemental analysis, inorganic separations by dist,illat,ion from solutions, vacuwn fusion, and evaporation of metals s t high t,ernpersture. Theprinciples of zone refining and zone leveling are discussed in the next section. Inclusion compounds, such as, clathrates, channel inclusion compounds, and layer compounds are covered in the third section. Foam separations and thermal diffusion consbit,ut,e the last two sect,ions in this chapter. The author stat,es that the individual chapters are designed to stand alone, and, as a result, there iu considerable repetition of material. The Vau Deemter equation is presented and discussed in three different r.haot,ers: t,he Glueckauf d o t for inter-
be itn asset to the beginning student in t,he field of separations.
A. CULP ROBERT Piardw University la fay ell^, Indiana 47907 Chemical Evolution: Molecular Evolutions towards the Origin of Living Systems in the Earth and Elsewhere
Melvin Calvin, University of Cdifurnis, Berkeley. Oxford Universit,y Press, New York, 1969. vii 278 pp. Figs., tables, and color plates. 15 X 23 em. Hardbound, 89; sofl.ba~und,64.50.
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Here in one volume is s. unique colleetion of lectures given by Professor Calvin a t Oxford University. The int,imary of the lecture is preserved; the author is not afraid of the first person. The value of the book is that. it is much more than R. mere transcript with slides. I t is a welldeveloped narrat,ive, packed with information, execllcntly reprodwed photographs, ahnndant references to the original liberxt,me (both to bhe author's work and t o that. of others) and an adequate index. Part I provides The View fram t,he Present towards the P a t . The fossil record yields to molecolitr paleout~ology. Bath biosynt.hesis and possihle ahiogenic synthesis is explored and docnment,ed. Part I1 examines The View from the Past towards the Present. This is the elahoration of the title, chemienl evolution. I t comprehensively covers ihe subject fram prebiotic chemistry (the evolution of small molecules) through selection and growth of polymeric species, and informat.ion coupling to three dimensional, higher order structures. There is much for all but the specialist to learn from this lueid and honest discourse. Never does the author fail to make clear what is information and what is specdation. Even the summary, a convincing chronicle, is prosented as "% conceivable sequence.. . whet,her it is the ouly possible sequence is t,he problem." The reader hopes an addendum can be made in later printings to remove some of the speculation about, lunar exploration now that samples are on earth. The final short sectiou the rtut,har calls The View from the Present towards t,he Future. It, is his credo, given in strong personal terms in answer to the question of why man should pursue s search for. significance. I t is honest,, thoughtful, and hopeful. Let us hope t,hat future scientisbs read through to the end!
of column retention volume to the partition coefficient is discussed many times. These could have been presented in detail in the chapter on general principles and brief reference made to that discussion in later chspters. Two chapters have been devoted to ionexchange; the second chapter, covering specialized ion-exchange systems, is short and should have been included in the earlier chapter. I n the chapter on miscelleneous methods, organic elemental analysis is discussed under distilletion and evaporation, neither of which implies a chemical change of the sample. This topic should have been discused elsewhere, if a t d l . In the opinion of this reviewer, Professor Dean has composed a book that is comprehensive in chromatographic techniques and is well writ,ten. He WRS done an excellent job of introducing each subject before discussing it, therefore, making it easy to follow and understand. The chapter on gas chromatography is especially good, in t,hat a beginner in separations can gain considerable knowledge of the subject by reitding this chapter. Unfortunately, precipitation and distillntion are dealt with very little, if s t all. A book with a. title suggesting an all-inclusive text on sepsmtion techniques should include these topics in some detail even if, as Professor Dean states, they have bee11introduced in a first course on analytical chemistry. WFK The text is designed for n onesemester course consist,ing of t,hree lectures and one Chemical Applicationr of laboratory period per week a t the adRadioisotopes vanced undergraduat,e or first-year graduate level. There are numerous sample If. J . M . Bowen, University of Reading, calculstians to show how the formulas e m England. Methuen and Co., Ltd., be applied to praclieal cases, and there are London, 1969. Figs. and tables. 13 many problems and questions that would X 19cm. 55. be encountered in the course of Isborntory exercises. This book is a new addition to the series The format of the book is the same as its of "Methuen's Monographs on Chemical compmion volume on "I~~strumer~Lal Subjects." I t consists of seven chapters Methods of Analysis!' Professor dean'^ entitled: (1) Properties of Radioactive style of writing makes the book easy to read and understand. I t should prove t,o (Conlinued on page ,4400)
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