B a s k Concepts of Chemlstry, Thlrd Edltlon Leo J. Malone. Wiley: New York. NY, 1989. u 682 pp. Figs. and tables. 19.5 X 24.2 cm. $42.50.
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Basic Concepts of Chemistry contains 15 c h a p t e d 9 2 pages of general chemistry topics, one chapter-34 pages of introductory organic chemistry, seven appendices of mathematical review-I6 pages, a glossary, answers to about half of the chapter-end problems, and an index. The first edition of Bosie Concepts of Chemistry was reviewed in this Journal (1982,59,6,53&535) by John A. Varine and James T. Martino. The second edition was reviewed in this Journal (1987,64,9, A2191 by Richard E. Beitzel. All reviewers agreed that Basic Concepts of Chemistry was well written, appropriate for the target group (college students who have little knowledge of chemistry) and could be used as a supplementary text for high school chemistry classes. The author again states that Basic Concepts of Chemistry "also could he used quite successfully in the general chemistry part of a course for health professionals". However, given the nature of most medical science chemistry courses the students would need to purchase a second textbook. Revisions and rearrangement are the most notable changes in the third edition. Also, there has been a 15 percent increase in the number of chapter-end problems, and topics dealing with the origin of the names of elements, Lord Rutherford's experiments, and thermochemical equations have been added to the text. Given the desire of most instructors to present chemistry topics in their favorite sequence, the third edition has the flexihility to accommodate most if not all teaching styles.
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A study guide and a laboratory manual are available; however, the Chemistry Tutor Apple 11 t He disc featured in the second edition has been omitted. In summary, Malone has written an exeellent book for the purpose stated, i.e., to prepare college students for the main sequence chemistry course. The h w k is well written and the solutions to the demonstration problems are excellent. This reviewer highly recommends Basic Concepts of Chemistry third edition to chemistry instructors who want a readable textbook which is an excellent tool to assist in the teaching of general chemistry. Richard E. Beitzel Bemidji, State University Bemldii, MN 56601
descriptive inorganic chemistry early in the text to illustrate or introduce theoretical topics. In addition,colored photographsand colored diagrams are used liberally to illustrate discussions, experiments, and experimental ohservatians. The material is presented in a manner so that other arrangements are also possible. In comparison to similar texts, the introductom chaoters oravide a e" w d foundation of chemical and p h y a i d facu on which additronal study is baaed. The presentationa on crystal structures and ionic equilibrium in solution are much more extensive than thme normally found in introductory texts. Also included in the Appendix are a Glossary and a variety of tables of data. Even thoueh descriotive inoreanic chemistrv is intr2uced e&lv in the text..the treatment is not much different from that usually found in general chemistry texts. Some copin that I feel could have been included or presented differently are more self-study on basic mathematics, more detail on problem solving, a clearer and more unified description and defmition of ionic bonding, percent composition calculations from the stoiehiometm in solution (volumetric analwid. .. colloids:and more ill'ustrations of applications of chemistry outside of the pedagogical situation. A Large number of multicolored diagrm and colored pictures are used throughout the text to iUustrate concepts and experiments. For the most part the use of these devices is very effective. There appear to be some oroductian oroblems with the sOecifiC volume that I received for review in that some of the ~ulureddiagrams and some of the colored teat appeared fuzzy rather than being sharp and clear. In some instances, the captions and legends used with the colored photographs are not clear descriptions of the concept or experiment being illustrated. Consequently, same of the photographs could he confusing to students. (Continued on page A280)
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Chemlstry: An Experimental Sclence George M. Bodner and Hsrry L. Pardue. 1097 Wiley: New York, NY, 1989. xvii pp. Figs. and tables. 21.5 X 26 cm.
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$53.70.
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This general chemistry text is designed for the "main stream" general chemistry course, i.e., for chemistry majors, preprofessional maiors.. and others who need a firm grounding in the science. For the most part, the topics included are those that are normally expected for s general chemistry text and the presentation spans a range from the basic fundamentals of each topic to, for the most part, the level expected. Therefore, the text can he used by students with varied backgrounds. By design, the organization in this text is different from mast other eeneral chemistm, texts. The authors have attempted to utiIhe, as much as possible, an psperimental perspective. One way that this is accomplished is by the introduction of topics of
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In This Issue
Revlewer
Leo J. Malone, Basic Concepts of Chernistry. Third Edltion George M. Bodner and Harry L. Pardue, Chemistry: An Experimental Science Bernice G. Segal, Chemistry: Experiment and Theory Second Edition Kenneth L. Williamson, Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments J. Locschsmidt, Chemische Studien, I: A. Constitutions-Formeln der organischen Chemie in geographisher Darstellung: €3. Das Marlotte'sche Gesetz Richard Anschutz, J. Loschmidt's Konstitutions-Formeln der oranischen Chemie in graphischer Darstellung Monographs Titles of Interest New Volumes In Continuing Series
Richard E. Beitzel T. C. lchniowski
A279 A279
Thomas R. Tuttle, Jr.
A280
Doris Kolb
A280
George B. Kauffman
A281
George B. Kauffman
A281 A282 A282 A285
Volume 66
Number 11
November 1989
A279
The size of the hook seems formidable, but the number of pages is really not very much different from other new introductory texts. At the end of each chapter is a generous supply of graded problems grouped ac. cording to principles or topics illustrated. The supplements available are a Solutions Manual, a Study Guide. Transparencies, w Insrrurtor's Manual, a Test Bank, a Microtest (for IBM and Apple romputers), and a Lecture Demonstration Manual. ,
T. C. lchniowski llllnols State Universihl Normal, iL 61761
Chemistry: Experiment and Theory, Second Edltlon Bernice G. Segal. Wiley: New York, NY, 1989. u i v 1008 pp. Figs. and tables. 19 X 26 cm. $49.22.
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The second edition of Chemistry, Experiment and Theory is, as was the first edition (see J. Chem. Edue. 1988.63. A141) a general chemistry text mitten for students with good preparation including a prior chemistry course in which the student has become familiar with some basic material and also courses in alpebra, ceometry, and trigonometry. The changes noted in the preface to the second edition include: (1) a reordering of the chapter on electrochemistry, Chapter 16 in the first edition, to follow the two chapters on thermochemistry, Chapters 16 and 17 in the second edition, instead of directly preceding them as it does in the first edition, (2) a relatively large amount of descriptive material has been added, tied primarily to material on the periodic tables and periodic properties, the Aufhau principle and to the theory and uses of oxidation-reduction reactions, (3) some material has been added to the chapter on thermochemistry. The ehanges in the second edition are more extensive than is suggested in its Preface or by the modest increase hy nine of the numbered pages. There is actually a net increase of 16 printed pages in the second edition aver the first. Because of the format used in the first edition some pages were left entirely blank; these do not occur in the second edition. The net increase of 16 is made up of 27 added and 11deleted. Twenty-five of those added and nine of those deleted are in the body of the text, i.e., in the introduction or in one of the 23 chapters. Two Dazes are deleted bv elimination of the tahle'oFfour place logaithm (appendix B3 of the first edition). These deletions are numerically compensated by modest expansions of Appendix I, and the Glossary in the second edition. Three equations and appropriate accompanying text are added to Appendix I. Appendices F and G are switched and some additions are found in both e.g., the Cot3, Cot2 redox couple in G and 18-and Fe(0H)z in F. As a result, the addenda (including appendices, glossary, answers to even numbered questions, credits and index) occupy essentially the same space in both editions. The changes in the body of the text are not so easily characterized. Changes occur A280
tbrouehout. In fact. no chaoter of the second edition ir idenfiralto its rounterpart in the first. To provide some idea of the extent of revision in the second edition I note the following overall changes: two sections were added, two deleted; seven subsections were added, live deleted; 18 fiwres were added, f w r and one-half were deleted; one table was deleted; 13 examples were added, three deleted; 29 equations were added, four deleted; 26 exercises, eight multiple choice questions and 31 problems were added. The greatest changes occur in Chapters 1, 2, 13, 15-18, and 21-23. The reordering of the chapter on electrochemistry to follow the two chapters on thermochemistry rather than to precede them involves the transfer andadaptation of material originally in Seetion 18.10 of the first edition to Section 18.6 of the second edition. In order to exemplify the kinds of changes that have occurred in the second edition I have chosen three chapters for more detailed examination: Chapter 13 The Electronic Structure of Atoms, the Periodic Table, and PeriodieProperties, Chapter 15Oxidation States and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, and Chapter 23 Introduction to Organic Chemistry. One section is added to Chapter 13 and one subsection is deleted. There are four additional equations in the revised chapter, two additional figures, and the text is increased by three pages. The added section is Section 13.9 A Periodic Property: Atomic Size. Figure 13.21 depicting atomic sizes of the main group elements is added in canjunction with this section. The deleted subsection is the first one of Section 13.5 entitled The Half Full Effect. Actually the text of that subsection, though somewhat modified, remains in the second edition without the subsection beading. Figure 13.19 illustrating the relationship between first and second ionization energies of atoms is the second added figure. All four of the added equations occur in Section 13.11 in the subsection on The Alkaline Earth Metals whose text is appropriately modified and expanded. The figure in which the Dolomite mountains of Italy are shown, Figure 13.22, is a different and more impressive picture in the second edition than it was in the first edition, Figure 13.20. In addition, three new exercises and two new multiple choice questions have been added a t the end of the
Journal of Chemical Education
rhantpr
There are six equations added tu Chapter 16 m the second edition and two equations are deleted. Two examples are added in the text and the text expanded by three pages. All of the equations either added or deleted occur in Section 15.4 and all are chemical equations. All but one of the additions, equations (15-8) through (15-12), occur in connection with the discussion of the +5oxidation state of nitrogen. The two deletions, equations (15.14) and (15-15) of the first edition, occur in the discussion of the +2-oxidation state of nitrogen. The other added equation, equation (15-25), occurs in the subsection on phosphorus. Example 15.10 is added an the oxidation of SO? by nitric acid. Example 15.6 is added on balancing redox equations involving hydrogen peroxide. One new problem and one new multiple choice question are added to those at the end of the chapter. Most of the change in Chapter 23 is attributable to the deletion of Section 23.10on
drugs and its three subsections. The figures depicting carbohydrates are expanded from the two, 23.16 and 23.17, in the first edition to three, 23.17, 23.18, and 23.19, in the second edition and are more appropriately located within the subsection on carbohydrates in the second edition. Also Figure 23.16 illustrating- the structureof 8-D-ribose is added. Although the revisions which characterize the second edition of this text are substantial, the book retains itsoriginal character so that the review of the first edition estahlishes a relevant base for comment on the second edition. These revisions represent imorovements over the first edition without serious exception. The result is an authoritative text which is virtually error free, although not literally so, of course. There are several features of this text which are particularly appealing: (1) descriptive chemistry is skillfully woven into a variety of contexts so that it appears as a natural, or even an inevitable part of the conceptual landscape, (2) a large number of illustrative examples are strategically placed throughout the text, (3) the division of the exercises at the end of each chapter into the three categories is a useful and effective pedagogic device, (4) the glossary and its use by highlighting wards contained in the text materially encourages students to heed the author's sage advice to know definitions in order to clarify their thoughts, (5) many errors common to introductory chemistry textbooks are avoided, e.g., hydrolysis is not incorrectly ignored in illustrating calculations of solubilities using the solubility product expression, (6) the style of writing is clear and concise; vague or ambiguous passages are virtually absent. Like any other, this text falls short of perfection. However, its flaws tend to he generic in that they are shared with most other contemporary introductory college level texts, rather than idiosyncratic. Nevertheless, my choice of illustrative flaws is idiosyncratic: (1) although the use of symbols in implementing algebraic solutions of problems is generally good and fairly standard the symbols x and occasionally y are often introduced unnecessarily and repeatedly, particularly in problems involving chemical equilibria; (2) the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to account for molecular shapes in simple molecules without reference to any of the model's deficiencies, (3) the fiction that ammonia exists in its dilute aqueous solutions primarily as ammonia molecules is promulgated. All things considered "Chemistry, Experiment and Theory" by Bernice G. Segal is an outstanding text which deserves serious consideration for adoption for any college level general chemistry course populated by well-prepared students. Thomas R. Tunle, Jr. Brandeis University Waitham, MA 02254
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Macroscale a n d Microscale Organlc Experiments Kenneth L. Wllllamson. D. C. Heath: Lexington, MA, 1989. xviii 716 pp. Figs. and tables. 19.7 X 24.3 cm.
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Microscale organic laboratories have many advantages. They use very small amounts of chemical materials, making
