book reviews Editor: W. F. KIEFFER College of Wooster Womter, Ohio
Chemistry:
Experimental Foundations
Robert W . Parry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Luke E. Steinor, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, Robed L. Tcb lefsm, Nap& High School, Napa, California, and Phyllzs M. Dielz, Fount,ain Valley High School, Huntingt,on Beseh, California. PrentieeHall., Ine.., Eoelewoad Cliffs. New Jer. a sey, 1060. x 630 pp. Figs. and tables. $7.12.
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Laboratory Notebook for Chemistry: Experimental Foundations Labomtory Manual for Chemistry: Experimental Foundations 160 pp. $2.40.
21.5 X '28 cm.
Softbound.
Teachers who have awaited the appearance of this t,hird and final xuthorized revision of CHEM Stndy shall be rewarded. "Chemistry: Experimental Foundat,ions" represent,^ CHEM Study revised, enhanced. and maintained. This text
already viable course. A laboratory manual, t,eacher's manual, assorted supplementary mat,erials, and achievement tests are ready or being readied t o accompany the text. As with the original course, much dependence upon t,hc laboratory,
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teacher demonst,rations, and films make the course live. Akhough the laboratory manual is done and has been more explicitly rewritten, this review will concern the text. Several improvements have been made by omissions. For example, the obstruse notched-beam model used to explain principal quantum numbers in Chapter 15 of t,he original text has been supplanted in Chapter 15 of the new by a far more plausible bookcase model. I n this model, the shelves of the case st,art,ingfrom the bottom become successively closer together as one proceeds toward the top. A paper weight simdates the electron. The correspondence between model and mental concept of an energy-level scheme for a hydrogen stom appears obvious. St,rikingly effective parallels are drawn between potential and kinetic energies as both relate to the electron of the hydrogen atom and the paper weight of the boakcase. Lest the st,udCnt take the model too literally, an aside in the form of a footnote offers sufficient explanation and cant,ion. These %?ides appearing as footnotes serve valuably thronghout the text. A second improvement by omission centers on Chapter 13, Chemical Csleolations. The original text, with its initial empahsis on uncertaint,y and its handling of quant.itative data, for purposes of communication, wit11 its then seeming ahandonment of chemical calculst,ions in
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chapter prior to Chapter 13, widh its fartoo-few and none-too-well presented examples of chemical csleulstians in Chapter 13, and with its again seeming ahsndonment of such calculations after Chapter 13 made the subject a seeming child of d o ~ b t f u parentage. l The new text, using factors and labels, appropriately handles meh calculstions within t,he context of appropriate content. Ilespite this improvement, a. further enhancement conld have been realized by including many more examples of salved problems. For instance, excellently done Chapter 14, Oxidation-Reduet,iori Reactions, affords much opportunity to further learning of the mole concept by illustrating solved problems relating to stoichiometry. No such example appears, but two problems a t the end of the chapter reqnire the ability to handle sloichiometrie relstionships as t,hey relate to electrochemistry. Further improvements through additions have been made. An effective pict,ure along with an extensive caption home in on the central ideas of each forthcoming chapter. The final sect,ion of each chapter under the heading of Highlights snms up important aspects of the chapter. Concisely written, t,hese summaries give a quick refresher of the chapter's content. Chapter 3, Putting Ideas t o Work: The Conservation Lawn, does not appear in the original text. As expected, this chapter presents much of the stoichiometry. Examples of solved problems a p p e a and are, as implied earlier, well done. ,Many improvemenls have been made by changes. Chapters 6, Why We Relieve in Atoms, in the new text has taken the place of Chapter 6, Structure of Atoms and the Periodic Chart. At this point, the new version develops more information a8 to why we believe in atoms than did the old. Here, as in the original, the garbage collector makes his initial walk-on. Parallels drawn bet,ween oor remons for beliefs in the existences of garbage collectors and atoms show sound logic and are believable. In keeping with the original CHEM St,udy, quantum treatment of atomic structure is deferred until Chapter 15 of the new text. . .
Robert W . Parry, Luke E. Steinel, Robert L. Tellefsen, and Phyllis
M. Dietz, Chemisty: Experimental Foundations
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William H. Nebergall, Frederic C. Schmidt, and H m w F. Holttelaw, Jr., General Chemistry
J. S . Finlayson, Basic Biochemical Calculations
. . .A442 . . .A442
J. M . Barry and E. M. Barry, An Introduction to the Structure of Biological Molecules
Raphael Ikan, Natural Products: A Laboratory Guide
. . .A444 .. .A446
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As one who has read or used the original CHEM Study reads "Chemistry: Experimental Foundations," he knows that he has previously read a similar presentation. The "Lost, Child," an often derided fable, of old Chapter 1 vields t o "Martin the Martian" of new Chapter 1. The new version makes hetter use of its better fable throughout t,he text. I t does likewise with the gavbage collector from Chapter 6 onward. The new, while essentially t,he old, emerges more clearly through effective analogies anchored in common experiences. For example, the concept of activation energy is likened unto the kinetic energy which a pole vaulter must generate in order t o clear the har. The use of a catalyst approximates a lowering of the bar and so on. Rather than oxidalion potentials, the new text uses reduction potentials. Some may argue that this poses no improvement.; that it merely adheres to the trend.
(Codinued n page Ad@?) Volume 47, Number 6, June 1970
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book reviews Competilicnt for eledro!~sby species hecomes aeutral rsthel. than the ease with which species lose electrons. Aside from keeping with the trend, frmdame~ilaland ample reason can he mustered to justify ~wirwtionpotenlinls. Chapters 18 in bath books have the same title, The Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Similarity of content, exists. The new, t,ellingly presented and better organized, shows that certain physical evidences such as nuclear magnetic resonance are effective in establishing molecolar stroctore. Some omissions or slights remain in t,he new. The concept of pH broached in old and new receives little attention. AlIhongh terminology in the new is curwnt, it devotes neither time nor spaces to sya1,emnlic nomeuclature. Lewis acid base theory got and gets short shrift,. The terms "equivalents" and "normality" lack existence in either text. Randomnws, treated in the old, gets far better lreatment in the new and even becomes known as "entropy." Free energy change as a. criterion of spont,aneity for chemical reaction in a chemical system gets no ment,ion. Students, however, have been brought near the point where free energy a t the is a short step away. Questia~~s ends of chapters are, by and large, good, thought provoking exercises, but more of them cast in x qusot,it,ative vein would have been valuable. The baok, wit,h the same lateral dimensions as t,he original CHEM Rudy, cont,ains 620 nnmbered pages sturdily hound in a soil resistant cover. Except for italics and bold t,ype which emphasize key words and principles, standard print occnpies about two-thirds of each page. The paper, not st,srrkwhite is good quality. A second color augments many well-coneeived illnstrations. Illnstrations, figures, tables, and so on find locat,ion near related t,ext,ualmaterial. These locat,ions are usually on the onmargins but occx.iianally encroach npon amx iwtdly reserved for print. Eleven appeudices and an extensive index make references sore, and easy. With pmctieally nil typographical errors, the reading level appears to be easily within the grasp of nverwe high school students and certainly is easier to comprehend than the original. The first eighteen ehapt,ers with intended laboratory activities constitute xn excellent, first-year course. They include t,he necessary coneept,~,principles, and knowledge for fnrther study. If t,he teacher has permitted, stndent,s will ~understand how seient,isfs work. The remaining five chapters while extending knowle d ~ eafford st,udents an opportnnit,y t,o apply coneopts and principles already learned. In conclosion, t,he originators of CHEM Study intended that. their text, "Chemistrv: An Exoerimental Sciewe," be one o f several i & u m e n t , s oscd in teaching chemist,ry. Three of the four aut,hors of this t,ext were major contributors to CHEM Study. Certainly they and the fourth aubho~ look upon "Chemistry: Experimental Foundations" as the original
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Journal of Chemical Education
authors viewed "Chemist,ry: An Experiment,al Science." Quit.e obviolmly I commend this work to any teacher who teaches first-year chemistry to average and above average high school st~~denls.I t ranks with the very best. C ~ l n ~ lW. r s HENoRICKSoN Shakcr Hriyhls High School Shaker Hcighls, Ohio 44180
General Chemislry Willoim H. Nebergall and Frederie C . Schmidt, both of Indiana University, Bloomington, and Henry F. Hollzclaw, Jr., University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Under the editorship of John C. Bailar. Jr., University of Illinois, Urbane, 3rd ed. D.C. Health and Co. (a division of Raytbeon Education, Co.), Lexington, Massachusetts, 1968. 693 pp. Figs. and tables. 20 X 24 cm. $10.95. Basic Laboralory Studies in College Chemistry with a rupplemenl in Semimicro Qualitative Analysis William He~ed, Indiana University, Northwest Campus, Gary, and William H . Nebergall. 3rd ed. Raytheon Education Co., Boston, 1968. 242 pp. 20.5 X 23.5 cm. Softbound. 84.95. Chemistry Study Guida: for use with General Chemistry and College Chemistry Nonnon E. Griswold, Nebraska Wesleym University, Lincoln. 3rd. ed. Raytheon Education Co., Lexington, Massachusetts. 212 pp. 16.5 X 23.5 em. Softbound. $2.95. Inslrudar's Guide: for use with General Chemistry and College Chemistry Nonnan E. Grimold and Donald E. Walker, Northeast Missouri State College. Kirsksville. Under the editorship of Henry F. Holtzelaw, Jr. Raytheon Education Co., Lexington, Massachusetts. 53 pp. Figs. and tables. 18 x 23 cm. Softbound. No charge is classroom. to professor using text in h The same revisions mentioned in the review of the Third Edition of "College Chemistry" by the same authors apply to the Third Edition of "General Chemistry" [see J. CHEM.EDUC.46, 258 (1969)l. The first thirty-three chzpters are identical, butin this textthestudy of themetals is organized according to their periodic relationships rather than according t o qualitative analysis groups, and qualitative analysis procedures are omitted. A complete package of auxiliary paperbacks is available. An "Instructor's Guide" has been written by Norman E. Griswold and Donald E. Walker. I t includes suggestions for scheduling, a chapter-by-chapter guide to emphasis of topics of primary importance, supplemental materials, and sample examination questions. A "Chemistry Study Guide" by Norman E. Griswold serves t o assist the student by providing chapter overviews and self-help tests. "Basic Labor*
tory Studies in College Chemistry" by William Hered and William H. Nebergall, also in its Third Edition! places increasing emphasis on the quant~tativetreatment of kinetics and equilbrium, molecular orihtal theory, elementary thermodynamics. and instrumental techniaues. The planniny of laborsrory work is farilitated hp tirnee
