JANUARY, 1952 CHEMISTRY.. .KEYTO BElTER LIVING given to othcr types is very brief. For example, calculation oi 0 pll from hydrogen ion concentration is described at length but onlv s few o x r s s r e used to describe the cnlculationc from ioniza- Edited and produced by the staffs of Chemical o n d Engineertion const&& and solubility products. Only three numerical i n g News and Industrial a n d Engineering Chemistry. problems involving solubility product are given. Nothing is said American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., 1951. xxi + about activity coefficients, even though they are included in the 244 pp. Illustrated. 24 X 31 cm. $4. authors' shorter bwk, "Introductory College Chemistry," Tms volume might well be used as a style manual or model for second edition. those engaged in preparing books or speciali.dng in graphic art. The appendix is in twelve sections, which include many useful But it is far mare than that. I t is primarily a history of chemistry tables such as metric system, vapor pressure, solubility product, in America during the past 75 years and of the interrelation of the freezing mixtures, bead tests, alloys, solubilities, isotopes, discus- American Chemical Society and the American chemical industry and as they have developed and progreswd side by side during that sion of mathematical o~erations,and four-dace logarithm nntilogarithm tabIe8. period. A series of papers on chemical progress during the 75 The many years of experience of the authors in presenting years since the founding of the A. C. S. reviews the development general chemistry has resulted in a well-written book. It should of chemical science and its industrial applications and discusses be given careful consideration by anyone selecting a text for a. the part the A. C. S. and its divisions played in the advancement course in general chemistry in which it is desired to devote n.large of chemical knowledge and skill. This series was organized to part of the first semester to the study of the principles of chemis- subdivide chemistry roughly into the fields oovered by the divitry. In its upto-date revision it will be especially welcomed by sions of the A. C. S. and the order of presentation follows approxithe teachers who have used the earlier edition. mately the chronological order in which the divisions n.ere established. These histories are all written by outstanding leaders in L. REED BRANTLEY OCCIDENT*LCOL,,E.. the fields covered. Los A w r r ~ e s C*bxronn~~ . A special feature of the book is "The First 75 Years" by rZnthony Standen. This story, copiously illustrated, and written in the inimitable style of the author of "Seience Is a Sacred 0 THE SOLUBILITY OF NONELECTROLYTES Cow," relates, as its title indicates, the significant developments Joel H. Hildebrcmd, Professor of Chemistry, University of Cali- of the first 75 years of the A. C. S. and partieulssly the role the fornia, and Robert L Scott, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Society and its members played in the industrial chemical growth University of California. Third edition. Reinhold Publishing of the nation. A picture-caption story graphically presents this same 75-year period. Then there are sections written by wellCorp., New York, 1951. x 488 pp. 138 figs. 110 tables. known authorities who give a glimpse a t our science and civiliza16 X 23.5 om. 510. tion. They discuss contemporary problems as the scientist, TEE time is ripe for a textbook on the very important solu- philosopher, business executive, and teacher envision them. bility phenomena. This volume, although it is written as a In addition to the excellent make-up, arrangement, and typogmonograph on solutions, is an excellent textbook far a. graduate raphy, the volume is arrestingly bound in cobal&blue cloth, course in solutions. I t does suppose a good basic knowledge of lettered in genuine gold leaf with the A. C. S. emblem attractively classical thermodynamics and the ability to handle the mathe- displayed on the backbone and outside front cover. This book matics used in thermodynamical calculations. Students taking ahould be a. "must" in the library of every chemist and ehemical s iundamental course in thermodynamics get for the most part a engineer who is proud of his profession and his professional smattering of solution chemistry and this book is an extension of society, their beginnings, development, and progress during 75 the thermodynamics of solution and the thermodynamics is well years, and their limitless opportunities. It shonld be a valuable done. Most of the nanelectrolyte solution chemistry acquired reference in the libraries of industrial concerns, research laboraby a student of chemistry comes mainly from a course in phme h i e s , and educationit1 institutions. rule which is usually empirical and the question of thermodynamics is more or less divorced from the discussion. Graduate students majoring in physical chemistry and chem0 THERMODYNAMICS OF IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES ists in general, in this reviewer's opinion, are not "educated" until they have mastered the fundamental principles of the physi- S. R. d e Gmot. Professor of Theoretical Phvstcs ~, in -- the Universitv .-.--cal chemistry of solutions. Courses are given in this subject in of Utrecht. ~ b r t h - ~ o l l a npublishing d Co., Amsterdam; 1nt& most graduate schools but without a textbook; This volume science Puhlishers, Inc., New York, 1951. xvi 242 pp. 4 figs. will fulfill that need. 16 X 23 cm. 54. The book has 23 comprehensive chapters embodying d l types APPARNNTLY th'i book is intended lor an advanced graduate of nonelectrolyte solutions from the ideal case to solutions of high polymers. The second edition lacked the story of high course. Its author assumes for his readers a knowledge of higher matbematics and a wide familiarity with thermodynamics and polymer solutions which are so important at the present time. These chapters on solutions deal excluively with the thermo- statistical mechanics. Although Professor dr? Gmot modestly dynamic properties of mixtures and pure suhstances in phases in claims to be writing only a review of the recently developed theory which the moleculctr environment is the same in all directions. of irreversible processes, a glance a t the bibliography reveals that The authors have extended the thermodynmic discussion of h? himself must have made important contribution- to the subsolutions to the interface between the main m m e s of two solu- ject. Tho &st paragraph of the preface follows. "During the Inst tion phases. Also included in this new monograph is a chapter on polarity which very fittingly precedes one on solv&m. These t m years a macroscopic theory of irreversible processes has been two chapters and the one pertaining to hydrogen bonding are as developed into a more or less complete system. This theory is important to the organic as to the physical.chemist. Each chap- based on a double foundation formed by considerations which ter which appeared in the second edition has been expanded hoth were put forward already before the systematic theory wss formufrom the standpoint of data and from theoretical considerations. Inted. In the first place the introduction of nonequilibrium The authors are to be congratulated for this timely and much thermodynamical functions gave rise to the setting up of an needed work in the field of physical chemistry. It is clearly entropy balance equation in which the notions of entropy flow written and as far as the bibliography is concerned, the authors and of ent,ropyproduction occur. In the second place the theory is rooted on the Onsager reciprocal relations, macroscopic equalidid not "miss a trick." ties, which are founded on the property of microscopio revcrsi-
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IND~AN* UNKVDRBITY
BLOOMINWON, IXDIASI
FREDERIC C. SCHMIDT
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The chapter headings are: (1) Introduction, (2) The 0uager
