BOOK REVIEWS element itself is first disc~~ssed, its interstitial solutions and intermetnllic compounds are treated next, and the compounds of zirconium are covered quitc thoroughly in chapters on zirconium halogcnides, zirconium oxide and the zirconates, rircon and the complex d i cates, sulfate compounds, compounds of othcr inorganic acids, carboxylafes, and other organic compounds. A serious and notewort,hy nt,tempt has been made to introduce rules governing the properties and behavior of zirconium and its compounds. In this, the author has been only partially surcessful. The fault does not lie in the rules proposed, which are basically these: zirconium does not exist ass monatomic ion, hut only as a covalently bonded at,om, usually of aaidation number four, with a, coordination number as near t,o eight as is spatially pas~ihle. The book is eharactcrieed by a certain lack of clarity and precision in its cnpositian, particularly with respect to theoretical topics, vhioh may he confusing ta the reader. Another reviewer (Science, 129,636 (1959)) has eallod attention to the association of positive chargo a n zirconium cations with the oxygen atom ( p a w 37). The references to inner orbital complexes (page 57), the rearbion of a gram-atom of zirconium with a gram-atom of baron (page 73), the implication that resonance is an equilibrium and that coordination number increases with double bonding (page 108), double-bonded flmrine (page Id?), the discmsion of oxide structure and surface phenomena (page 1623, reference 111 is not pertinent) arp other examples. This book is without doubt s valuable addition to the literature on zireoni~imand an excellent source of reference. Caution ~houldbe exercised, however, in accepting ingenious structwal and mechanistic devices as other than starting paink for stimulating discussion and future experimental study and correlation. One wishes also for a more useful index, one with fewer mineral names and more chemical topics.
HELMUT M. HAENDLER University of New Hampshire Dwham The Chamirtry of Industrial Toxirology
H m y B. Elkim, Director, Division of Occupational Hygiene, Massachusetts Dept. of Labor and Industnrs. 2nd ed. John Wiley R- Sons, Ine., New York, 1959. viii 452 pp. 25 figs. 52 tahles. 16 X 23.5 cm. 811.50.
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Kine years have passed since the first edition of this book appeared and as the author states "the number of substances which potentially menace the health of the industrial worker has materially increased." The book has been expanded from 406 to 452 pages; one chapter on radioisotopes has been added. The bibliography has heen increased from 366 to 555 references. The mom substantial changes, in addition to the chapter on
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radioisotopes, have been mad? in the last three chapters on maximum allowable conccntrations, air sampling devices, and analytical methods and procedures. The NIAC's have been brought up-to-datp. The chapter on analytical methods is the largest in the book consisting of 127 pages. Methods for the determinat,ion of benzene, toluene, and chlorinated hydrocarbons have been changed. Praccdnres for the determination in urine of roproporphyrin, creatinine, paranitrophenol, phztoni~m, radium, strontium, trichloronectie acid, uranium, and vanadium have h w n added as well as x method for lead in urine containing uthylenediilminet~t~~:tacet~t~r. Methods are included for pentarhlorophenol, toluene diiaoryitnat?, and the American Conference of Gaw~mmentnl Hygienists methods for formaldehyde and parathion in air. Tho estimation of cholinesterase activity in hload is detailed. This is a useful book and thus it is difficult to understand why the author after making so many rhangrs persisted in rptaining theartificial grouping of substances of the fimt edition, for instance classifying hydrogen with the alkali metals. The dircnssion of lithium, sodium, and potassium leave much to be desired; no mention of metal fume fever attributable to copper oxide is made. An alphahrtical mmngcment is, a t times, dosirable; it is of duhious v a h ~for analytical methods. Thus a mierocolo~imetrio method for henzene is given on page 300 and an almost idmticnl one far toluene is given on page 401. The styling of the second edition is better than that of the first edition but the lack of uniformity of chemical formulas is retained, via. cyclohexanone (CH,),:CO, methyl cyclohexanone CH,-Cl0H9:CO, dioxane O(CH,CH,)lO. For those not acquainted ~ ~ i the t h first edition, it is important to point out that the book denla with industrial user, toxicology, and evaluation of harmful substances; preventive mea~urcsand hazardous operations are also discussed. MORRISB. J - ~ C O B S Department qf Air Pollution Control Xew 1-ork City Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
Eduard H d a , J i r i Pick, Vqiterh Pried, and Otakar V i m Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Praha, Czerhoslavakia. Translated by G. Slanrla~t. Pergamon Press, Inc., Xew York, 1958. xviii 402 pp. Many figs. and tables. 16.5 X 23.5 em. $14.
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This is an unusually good hook. For the first time a treatment of vapor-liquid equilibrium theory, description of experimental apparatus and methods, and a survey of Merature data, on this subject have hccn compiled into onc book. Because of the wide scope of the text, it will provide a novice with the background needed to begin studies in the field of equilibrium studies, and at the same time be indispensable to those who are already experienced. A wealth of more detailed information may be Found in the over I200 references cited by the authors. (Continued an page .1778)
